Autogenerated HTML docs for v1.8.1.2-545-g2f19ad
diff --git a/RelNotes/1.8.2.txt b/RelNotes/1.8.2.txt index a1ebb96..33f4ae3 100644 --- a/RelNotes/1.8.2.txt +++ b/RelNotes/1.8.2.txt
@@ -33,6 +33,12 @@ * Output from the tests is coloured using "green is okay, yellow is questionable, red is bad and blue is informative" scheme. + * Mention of "GIT/Git/git" in the documentation have been updated to + be more uniform and consistent. The name of the system and the + concept it embodies is "Git"; the command the users type is "git". + All-caps "GIT" was merely a way to imitate "Git" typeset in small + caps in our ASCII text only documentation and to be avoided. + * In bare repositories, "git shortlog" and other commands now read mailmap files from the tip of the history, to help running these tools in server settings. @@ -273,6 +279,10 @@ try to use the textconv data incorrectly after it gets freed. (merge be5c9fb jk/read-commit-buffer-data-after-free later to maint). + * We forgot to close the file descriptor reading from "gpg" output, + killing "git log --show-signature" on a long history. + (merge 7dac3f8 sb/gpg-plug-fd-leak later to maint). + * The way "git svn" asked for password using SSH_ASKPASS and GIT_ASKPASS was not in line with the rest of the system. @@ -285,6 +295,10 @@ * "git pack-refs" that ran in parallel to another process that created new refs had a nasty race. + * Rebasing the history of superproject with change in the submodule + has been broken since v1.7.12. + (merge e28efb1 jc/fake-ancestor-with-non-blobs later to maint). + * After "git add -N" and then writing a tree object out of the index, the cache-tree data structure got corrupted. @@ -303,6 +317,10 @@ commit" does some time ago, but forgot to pay attention to the exit status of the hook. + * A failure to push due to non-ff while on an unborn branch + dereferenced a NULL pointer when showing an error message. + (merge 1d2c14d ft/transport-report-segv later to maint). + * When users spell "cc:" in lowercase in the fake "header" in the trailer part, "git send-email" failed to pick up the addresses from there. As e-mail headers field names are case insensitive, this @@ -342,6 +360,12 @@ * When autoconf is used, any build on a different commit always ran "config.status --recheck" even when unnecessary. + * A fix was added to the build procedure to work around buggy + versions of ccache broke the auto-generation of dependencies, which + unfortunately is still relevant because some people use ancient + distros. + (merge 6978934 jn/auto-depend-workaround-buggy-ccache later to maint). + * We have been carrying a translated and long-unmaintained copy of an old version of the tutorial; removed.
diff --git a/blame-options.txt b/blame-options.txt index d4a51da..b0d31df 100644 --- a/blame-options.txt +++ b/blame-options.txt
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ running extra passes of inspection. + <num> is optional but it is the lower bound on the number of -alphanumeric characters that git must detect as moving/copying +alphanumeric characters that Git must detect as moving/copying within a file for it to associate those lines with the parent commit. The default value is 20. @@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ looks for copies from other files in any commit. + <num> is optional but it is the lower bound on the number of -alphanumeric characters that git must detect as moving/copying +alphanumeric characters that Git must detect as moving/copying between files for it to associate those lines with the parent commit. And the default value is 40. If there are more than one `-C` options given, the <num> argument of the last `-C` will
diff --git a/cmds-ancillaryinterrogators.txt b/cmds-ancillaryinterrogators.txt index 4087acf..6893b79 100644 --- a/cmds-ancillaryinterrogators.txt +++ b/cmds-ancillaryinterrogators.txt
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ Extract commit ID from an archive created using git-archive. linkgit:git-help[1]:: - display help information about git. + Display help information about Git. linkgit:git-instaweb[1]:: Instantly browse your working repository in gitweb.
diff --git a/cmds-foreignscminterface.txt b/cmds-foreignscminterface.txt index 40b3bf6..05892e3 100644 --- a/cmds-foreignscminterface.txt +++ b/cmds-foreignscminterface.txt
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ linkgit:git-archimport[1]:: - Import an Arch repository into git. + Import an Arch repository into Git. linkgit:git-cvsexportcommit[1]:: Export a single commit to a CVS checkout. @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Salvage your data out of another SCM people love to hate. linkgit:git-cvsserver[1]:: - A CVS server emulator for git. + A CVS server emulator for Git. linkgit:git-imap-send[1]:: Send a collection of patches from stdin to an IMAP folder. @@ -26,5 +26,5 @@ Send a collection of patches as emails. linkgit:git-svn[1]:: - Bidirectional operation between a Subversion repository and git. + Bidirectional operation between a Subversion repository and Git.
diff --git a/cmds-mainporcelain.txt b/cmds-mainporcelain.txt index f67a55b..84602e9 100644 --- a/cmds-mainporcelain.txt +++ b/cmds-mainporcelain.txt
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ A portable graphical interface to Git. linkgit:git-init[1]:: - Create an empty git repository or reinitialize an existing one. + Create an empty Git repository or reinitialize an existing one. linkgit:git-log[1]:: Show commit logs. @@ -107,5 +107,5 @@ Create, list, delete or verify a tag object signed with GPG. linkgit:gitk[1]:: - The git repository browser. + The Git repository browser.
diff --git a/cmds-plumbinginterrogators.txt b/cmds-plumbinginterrogators.txt index d6974fe..c21d96a 100644 --- a/cmds-plumbinginterrogators.txt +++ b/cmds-plumbinginterrogators.txt
@@ -47,8 +47,8 @@ Creates a temporary file with a blob's contents. linkgit:git-var[1]:: - Show a git logical variable. + Show a Git logical variable. linkgit:git-verify-pack[1]:: - Validate packed git archive files. + Validate packed Git archive files.
diff --git a/cmds-purehelpers.txt b/cmds-purehelpers.txt index 31e64df..bb823cb 100644 --- a/cmds-purehelpers.txt +++ b/cmds-purehelpers.txt
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ Git's i18n setup code for shell scripts. linkgit:git-sh-setup[1]:: - Common git shell script setup code. + Common Git shell script setup code. linkgit:git-stripspace[1]:: Remove unnecessary whitespace.
diff --git a/cmds-synchelpers.txt b/cmds-synchelpers.txt index 23d493e..6ff96ce 100644 --- a/cmds-synchelpers.txt +++ b/cmds-synchelpers.txt
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ linkgit:git-http-fetch[1]:: - Download from a remote git repository via HTTP. + Download from a remote Git repository via HTTP. linkgit:git-http-push[1]:: Push objects over HTTP/DAV to another repository.
diff --git a/cmds-synchingrepositories.txt b/cmds-synchingrepositories.txt index 371b907..d3ddba3 100644 --- a/cmds-synchingrepositories.txt +++ b/cmds-synchingrepositories.txt
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ linkgit:git-daemon[1]:: - A really simple server for git repositories. + A really simple server for Git repositories. linkgit:git-fetch-pack[1]:: Receive missing objects from another repository. @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Server side implementation of Git over HTTP. linkgit:git-send-pack[1]:: - Push objects over git protocol to another repository. + Push objects over Git protocol to another repository. linkgit:git-update-server-info[1]:: Update auxiliary info file to help dumb servers.
diff --git a/config.txt b/config.txt index c8abe86..9b11597 100644 --- a/config.txt +++ b/config.txt
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@ CONFIGURATION FILE ------------------ -The git configuration file contains a number of variables that affect -the git command's behavior. The `.git/config` file in each repository +The Git configuration file contains a number of variables that affect +the Git commands' behavior. The `.git/config` file in each repository is used to store the configuration for that repository, and `$HOME/.gitconfig` is used to store a per-user configuration as fallback values for the `.git/config` file. The file `/etc/gitconfig` can be used to store a system-wide default configuration. -The configuration variables are used by both the git plumbing +The configuration variables are used by both the Git plumbing and the porcelains. The variables are divided into sections, wherein the fully qualified variable name of the variable itself is the last dot-separated segment and the section name is everything before the last @@ -219,9 +219,9 @@ core.ignorecase:: If true, this option enables various workarounds to enable - git to work better on filesystems that are not case sensitive, + Git to work better on filesystems that are not case sensitive, like FAT. For example, if a directory listing finds - "makefile" when git expects "Makefile", git will assume + "makefile" when Git expects "Makefile", Git will assume it is really the same file, and continue to remember it as "Makefile". + @@ -230,13 +230,13 @@ is created. core.precomposeunicode:: - This option is only used by Mac OS implementation of git. - When core.precomposeunicode=true, git reverts the unicode decomposition + This option is only used by Mac OS implementation of Git. + When core.precomposeunicode=true, Git reverts the unicode decomposition of filenames done by Mac OS. This is useful when sharing a repository between Mac OS and Linux or Windows. - (Git for Windows 1.7.10 or higher is needed, or git under cygwin 1.7). - When false, file names are handled fully transparent by git, - which is backward compatible with older versions of git. + (Git for Windows 1.7.10 or higher is needed, or Git under cygwin 1.7). + When false, file names are handled fully transparent by Git, + which is backward compatible with older versions of Git. core.trustctime:: If false, the ctime differences between the index and the @@ -272,20 +272,20 @@ conversion. core.safecrlf:: - If true, makes git check if converting `CRLF` is reversible when + If true, makes Git check if converting `CRLF` is reversible when end-of-line conversion is active. Git will verify if a command modifies a file in the work tree either directly or indirectly. For example, committing a file followed by checking out the same file should yield the original file in the work tree. If this is not the case for the current setting of - `core.autocrlf`, git will reject the file. The variable can - be set to "warn", in which case git will only warn about an + `core.autocrlf`, Git will reject the file. The variable can + be set to "warn", in which case Git will only warn about an irreversible conversion but continue the operation. + CRLF conversion bears a slight chance of corrupting data. -When it is enabled, git will convert CRLF to LF during commit and LF to +When it is enabled, Git will convert CRLF to LF during commit and LF to CRLF during checkout. A file that contains a mixture of LF and -CRLF before the commit cannot be recreated by git. For text +CRLF before the commit cannot be recreated by Git. For text files this is the right thing to do: it corrects line endings such that we have only LF line endings in the repository. But for binary files that are accidentally classified as text the @@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ setting the conversion type explicitly in .gitattributes. Right after committing you still have the original file in your work tree and this file is not yet corrupted. You can explicitly tell -git that this file is binary and git will handle the file +Git that this file is binary and Git will handle the file appropriately. + Unfortunately, the desired effect of cleaning up text files with @@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ core.gitProxy:: A "proxy command" to execute (as 'command host port') instead of establishing direct connection to the remote server when - using the git protocol for fetching. If the variable value is + using the Git protocol for fetching. If the variable value is in the "COMMAND for DOMAIN" format, the command is applied only on hostnames ending with the specified domain string. This variable may be set multiple times and is matched in the given order; @@ -399,7 +399,7 @@ file in a ".git" subdirectory of a directory and its value differs from the latter directory (e.g. "/path/to/.git/config" has core.worktree set to "/different/path"), which is most likely a -misconfiguration. Running git commands in the "/path/to" directory will +misconfiguration. Running Git commands in the "/path/to" directory will still use "/different/path" as the root of the work tree and can cause confusion unless you know what you are doing (e.g. you are creating a read-only snapshot of the same index to a location different from the @@ -431,7 +431,7 @@ several users in a group (making sure all the files and objects are group-writable). When 'all' (or 'world' or 'everybody'), the repository will be readable by all users, additionally to being - group-shareable. When 'umask' (or 'false'), git will use permissions + group-shareable. When 'umask' (or 'false'), Git will use permissions reported by umask(2). When '0xxx', where '0xxx' is an octal number, files in the repository will have this mode value. '0xxx' will override user's umask value (whereas the other options will only override @@ -442,7 +442,7 @@ See linkgit:git-init[1]. False by default. core.warnAmbiguousRefs:: - If true, git will warn you if the ref name you passed it is ambiguous + If true, Git will warn you if the ref name you passed it is ambiguous and might match multiple refs in the .git/refs/ tree. True by default. core.compression:: @@ -514,7 +514,7 @@ core.excludesfile:: In addition to '.gitignore' (per-directory) and - '.git/info/exclude', git looks into this file for patterns + '.git/info/exclude', Git looks into this file for patterns of files which are not meant to be tracked. "`~/`" is expanded to the value of `$HOME` and "`~user/`" to the specified user's home directory. Its default value is $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/ignore. @@ -532,7 +532,7 @@ core.attributesfile:: In addition to '.gitattributes' (per-directory) and - '.git/info/attributes', git looks into this file for attributes + '.git/info/attributes', Git looks into this file for attributes (see linkgit:gitattributes[5]). Path expansions are made the same way as for `core.excludesfile`. Its default value is $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/attributes. If $XDG_CONFIG_HOME is either not @@ -557,9 +557,9 @@ When not configured the default commit message editor is used instead. core.pager:: - The command that git will use to paginate output. Can + The command that Git will use to paginate output. Can be overridden with the `GIT_PAGER` environment - variable. Note that git sets the `LESS` environment + variable. Note that Git sets the `LESS` environment variable to `FRSX` if it is unset when it runs the pager. One can change these settings by setting the `LESS` variable to some other value. Alternately, @@ -567,11 +567,11 @@ global basis by setting the `core.pager` option. Setting `core.pager` has no effect on the `LESS` environment variable behaviour above, so if you want - to override git's default settings this way, you need + to override Git's default settings this way, you need to be explicit. For example, to disable the S option in a backward compatible manner, set `core.pager` to `less -+S`. This will be passed to the shell by - git, which will translate the final command to + Git, which will translate the final command to `LESS=FRSX less -+S`. core.whitespace:: @@ -600,7 +600,7 @@ does not trigger if the character before such a carriage-return is not a whitespace (not enabled by default). * `tabwidth=<n>` tells how many character positions a tab occupies; this - is relevant for `indent-with-non-tab` and when git fixes `tab-in-indent` + is relevant for `indent-with-non-tab` and when Git fixes `tab-in-indent` errors. The default tab width is 8. Allowed values are 1 to 63. core.fsyncobjectfiles:: @@ -616,7 +616,7 @@ + This can speed up operations like 'git diff' and 'git status' especially on filesystems like NFS that have weak caching semantics and thus -relatively high IO latencies. With this set to 'true', git will do the +relatively high IO latencies. With this set to 'true', Git will do the index comparison to the filesystem data in parallel, allowing overlapping IO's. @@ -652,9 +652,9 @@ add.ignoreErrors:: Tells 'git add' to continue adding files when some files cannot be added due to indexing errors. Equivalent to the '--ignore-errors' - option of linkgit:git-add[1]. Older versions of git accept only + option of linkgit:git-add[1]. Older versions of Git accept only `add.ignore-errors`, which does not follow the usual naming - convention for configuration variables. Newer versions of git + convention for configuration variables. Newer versions of Git honor `add.ignoreErrors` as well. alias.*:: @@ -662,7 +662,7 @@ after defining "alias.last = cat-file commit HEAD", the invocation "git last" is equivalent to "git cat-file commit HEAD". To avoid confusion and troubles with script usage, aliases that - hide existing git commands are ignored. Arguments are split by + hide existing Git commands are ignored. Arguments are split by spaces, the usual shell quoting and escaping is supported. quote pair and a backslash can be used to quote them. + @@ -709,7 +709,7 @@ branch.autosetuprebase:: When a new branch is created with 'git branch' or 'git checkout' - that tracks another branch, this variable tells git to set + that tracks another branch, this variable tells Git to set up pull to rebase instead of merge (see "branch.<name>.rebase"). When `never`, rebase is never automatically set to true. When `local`, rebase is set to true for tracked branches of @@ -890,7 +890,7 @@ one of `header` (the header text of the status message), `added` or `updated` (files which are added but not committed), `changed` (files which are changed but not added in the index), - `untracked` (files which are not tracked by git), + `untracked` (files which are not tracked by Git), `branch` (the current branch), or `nobranch` (the color the 'no branch' warning is shown in, defaulting to red). The values of these variables may be specified as in @@ -904,7 +904,7 @@ to `always` if you want all output not intended for machine consumption to use color, to `true` or `auto` if you want such output to use color when written to the terminal, or to `false` or - `never` if you prefer git commands not to use color unless enabled + `never` if you prefer Git commands not to use color unless enabled explicitly with some other configuration or the `--color` option. column.ui:: @@ -1021,7 +1021,7 @@ is used instead. fetch.unpackLimit:: - If the number of objects fetched over the git native + If the number of objects fetched over the Git native transfer is below this limit, then the objects will be unpacked into loose object files. However if the number of received objects equals or @@ -1061,7 +1061,7 @@ format.signature:: The default for format-patch is to output a signature containing - the git version number. Use this variable to change that default. + the Git version number. Use this variable to change that default. Set this variable to the empty string ("") to suppress signature generation. @@ -1174,7 +1174,7 @@ gitcvs.usecrlfattr:: If true, the server will look up the end-of-line conversion attributes for files to determine the '-k' modes to use. If - the attributes force git to treat a file as text, + the attributes force Git to treat a file as text, the '-k' mode will be left blank so CVS clients will treat it as text. If they suppress text conversion, the file will be set with '-kb' mode, which suppresses any newline munging @@ -1194,7 +1194,7 @@ gitcvs.dbname:: Database used by git-cvsserver to cache revision information - derived from the git repository. The exact meaning depends on the + derived from the Git repository. The exact meaning depends on the used database driver, for SQLite (which is the default driver) this is a filename. Supports variable substitution (see linkgit:git-cvsserver[1] for details). May not contain semicolons (`;`). @@ -1406,7 +1406,7 @@ http.cookiefile:: File containing previously stored cookie lines which should be used - in the git http session, if they match the server. The file format + in the Git http session, if they match the server. The file format of the file to read cookies from should be plain HTTP headers or the Netscape/Mozilla cookie file format (see linkgit:curl[1]). NOTE that the file specified with http.cookiefile is only used as @@ -1428,7 +1428,7 @@ variable. http.sslCertPasswordProtected:: - Enable git's password prompt for the SSL certificate. Otherwise + Enable Git's password prompt for the SSL certificate. Otherwise OpenSSL will prompt the user, possibly many times, if the certificate or private key is encrypted. Can be overridden by the 'GIT_SSL_CERT_PASSWORD_PROTECTED' environment variable. @@ -1475,7 +1475,7 @@ http.useragent:: The HTTP USER_AGENT string presented to an HTTP server. The default - value represents the version of the client git such as git/1.7.1. + value represents the version of the client Git such as git/1.7.1. This option allows you to override this value to a more common value such as Mozilla/4.0. This may be necessary, for instance, if connecting through a firewall that restricts HTTP connections to a set @@ -1483,7 +1483,7 @@ Can be overridden by the 'GIT_HTTP_USER_AGENT' environment variable. i18n.commitEncoding:: - Character encoding the commit messages are stored in; git itself + Character encoding the commit messages are stored in; Git itself does not care per se, but this information is necessary e.g. when importing commits from emails or in the gitk graphical history browser (and possibly at other places in the future or in other @@ -1621,7 +1621,7 @@ `true` (i.e. keep the backup files). mergetool.keepTemporaries:: - When invoking a custom merge tool, git uses a set of temporary + When invoking a custom merge tool, Git uses a set of temporary files to pass to the tool. If the tool returns an error and this variable is set to `true`, then these temporary files will be preserved, otherwise they will be removed after the tool has @@ -1649,7 +1649,7 @@ notes.rewrite.<command>:: When rewriting commits with <command> (currently `amend` or - `rebase`) and this variable is set to `true`, git + `rebase`) and this variable is set to `true`, Git automatically copies your notes from the original to the rewritten commit. Defaults to `true`, but see "notes.rewriteRef" below. @@ -1729,7 +1729,7 @@ warning. This is meant to reduce packing time on multiprocessor machines. The required amount of memory for the delta search window is however multiplied by the number of threads. - Specifying 0 will cause git to auto-detect the number of CPU's + Specifying 0 will cause Git to auto-detect the number of CPU's and set the number of threads accordingly. pack.indexVersion:: @@ -1741,11 +1741,11 @@ and this config option ignored whenever the corresponding pack is larger than 2 GB. + -If you have an old git that does not understand the version 2 `*.idx` file, +If you have an old Git that does not understand the version 2 `*.idx` file, cloning or fetching over a non native protocol (e.g. "http" and "rsync") that will copy both `*.pack` file and corresponding `*.idx` file from the other side may give you a repository that cannot be accessed with your -older version of git. If the `*.pack` file is smaller than 2 GB, however, +older version of Git. If the `*.pack` file is smaller than 2 GB, however, you can use linkgit:git-index-pack[1] on the *.pack file to regenerate the `*.idx` file. @@ -1760,7 +1760,7 @@ pager.<cmd>:: If the value is boolean, turns on or off pagination of the - output of a particular git subcommand when writing to a tty. + output of a particular Git subcommand when writing to a tty. Otherwise, turns on pagination for the subcommand using the pager specified by the value of `pager.<cmd>`. If `--paginate` or `--no-pager` is specified on the command line, it takes @@ -1795,7 +1795,7 @@ The default merge strategy to use when pulling a single branch. push.default:: - Defines the action git push should take if no refspec is given + Defines the action `git push` should take if no refspec is given on the command line, no refspec is configured in the remote, and no refspec is implied by any of the options given on the command line. Possible values are: @@ -1935,7 +1935,7 @@ linkgit:git-fetch[1]. remote.<name>.vcs:: - Setting this to a value <vcs> will cause git to interact with + Setting this to a value <vcs> will cause Git to interact with the remote with the git-remote-<vcs> helper. remotes.<group>:: @@ -1945,9 +1945,9 @@ repack.usedeltabaseoffset:: By default, linkgit:git-repack[1] creates packs that use delta-base offset. If you need to share your repository with - git older than version 1.4.4, either directly or via a dumb + Git older than version 1.4.4, either directly or via a dumb protocol such as http, then you need to set this option to - "false" and repack. Access from old git versions over the + "false" and repack. Access from old Git versions over the native protocol are unaffected by this option. rerere.autoupdate:: @@ -2016,7 +2016,7 @@ status.relativePaths:: By default, linkgit:git-status[1] shows paths relative to the current directory. Setting this variable to `false` shows paths - relative to the repository root (this was the default for git + relative to the repository root (this was the default for Git prior to v1.5.4). status.showUntrackedFiles:: @@ -2103,7 +2103,7 @@ large number of repositories, and serves them with multiple access methods, and some users need to use different access methods, this feature allows people to specify any of the - equivalent URLs and have git automatically rewrite the URL to + equivalent URLs and have Git automatically rewrite the URL to the best alternative for the particular user, even for a never-before-seen repository on the site. When more than one insteadOf strings match a given URL, the longest match is used. @@ -2114,11 +2114,11 @@ resulting URL will be pushed to. In cases where some site serves a large number of repositories, and serves them with multiple access methods, some of which do not allow push, this feature - allows people to specify a pull-only URL and have git + allows people to specify a pull-only URL and have Git automatically use an appropriate URL to push, even for a never-before-seen repository on the site. When more than one pushInsteadOf strings match a given URL, the longest match is - used. If a remote has an explicit pushurl, git will ignore this + used. If a remote has an explicit pushurl, Git will ignore this setting for that remote. user.email:: diff --git a/diff-config.txt b/diff-config.txt index 4314ad0..6d06aa4 100644 --- a/diff-config.txt +++ b/diff-config.txt
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ detection; equivalent to the 'git diff' option '-l'. diff.renames:: - Tells git to detect renames. If set to any boolean value, it + Tells Git to detect renames. If set to any boolean value, it will enable basic rename detection. If set to "copies" or "copy", it will detect copies, as well.
diff --git a/diff-options.txt b/diff-options.txt index 39f2c50..7a87473 100644 --- a/diff-options.txt +++ b/diff-options.txt
@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ single deletion of everything old followed by a single insertion of everything new, and the number `m` controls this aspect of the -B option (defaults to 60%). `-B/70%` specifies that less than 30% of the -original should remain in the result for git to consider it a total +original should remain in the result for Git to consider it a total rewrite (i.e. otherwise the resulting patch will be a series of deletion and insertion mixed together with context lines). + @@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ endif::git-log[] If `n` is specified, it is a threshold on the similarity index (i.e. amount of addition/deletions compared to the - file's size). For example, `-M90%` means git should consider a + file's size). For example, `-M90%` means Git should consider a delete/add pair to be a rename if more than 90% of the file hasn't changed. Without a `%` sign, the number is to be read as a fraction, with a decimal point before it. I.e., `-M5` becomes
diff --git a/everyday.html b/everyday.html index 7926b5f..bd4124d 100644 --- a/everyday.html +++ b/everyday.html
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="application/xhtml+xml; charset=UTF-8" /> <meta name="generator" content="AsciiDoc 8.6.8" /> -<title>Everyday GIT With 20 Commands Or So</title> +<title>Everyday Git With 20 Commands Or So</title> <style type="text/css"> /* Shared CSS for AsciiDoc xhtml11 and html5 backends */ @@ -731,7 +731,7 @@ </head> <body class="article"> <div id="header"> -<h1>Everyday GIT With 20 Commands Or So</h1> +<h1>Everyday Git With 20 Commands Or So</h1> </div> <div id="content"> <div id="preamble"> @@ -744,7 +744,7 @@ commands in addition to the above.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p><a href="#Repository Administration">[Repository Administration]</a> commands are for system administrators who are responsible for the care and feeding -of git repositories.</p></div> +of Git repositories.</p></div> </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> @@ -878,7 +878,7 @@ </li> <li> <p> -you need to tell git if you added a new file; removal and +you need to tell Git if you added a new file; removal and modification will be caught if you do <code>git commit -a</code> later. </p> </li> @@ -1165,7 +1165,7 @@ <h3 id="_examples_3">Examples</h3> <div class="dlist"><dl> <dt class="hdlist1"> -My typical GIT day. +My typical Git day. </dt> <dd> <div class="listingblock"> @@ -1338,7 +1338,7 @@ <div class="content"> <pre><code>$ cat /etc/xinetd.d/git-daemon # default: off -# description: The git server offers access to git repositories +# description: The Git server offers access to Git repositories service git { disable = no @@ -1469,7 +1469,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2012-05-02 15:00:44 PDT +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body> diff --git a/everyday.txt b/everyday.txt index 048337b..e1fba85 100644 --- a/everyday.txt +++ b/everyday.txt
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -Everyday GIT With 20 Commands Or So +Everyday Git With 20 Commands Or So =================================== <<Individual Developer (Standalone)>> commands are essential for @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ <<Repository Administration>> commands are for system administrators who are responsible for the care and feeding -of git repositories. +of Git repositories. Individual Developer (Standalone)[[Individual Developer (Standalone)]] @@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ + <1> create a new topic branch. <2> revert your botched changes in `curses/ux_audio_oss.c`. -<3> you need to tell git if you added a new file; removal and +<3> you need to tell Git if you added a new file; removal and modification will be caught if you do `git commit -a` later. <4> to see what changes you are committing. <5> commit everything as you have tested, with your sign-off. @@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ Examples ~~~~~~~~ -My typical GIT day.:: +My typical Git day.:: + ------------ $ git status <1> @@ -332,7 +332,7 @@ ------------ $ cat /etc/xinetd.d/git-daemon # default: off -# description: The git server offers access to git repositories +# description: The Git server offers access to Git repositories service git { disable = no diff --git a/git-annotate.html b/git-annotate.html index f3ca74d..2d14692 100644 --- a/git-annotate.html +++ b/git-annotate.html
@@ -944,7 +944,7 @@ running extra passes of inspection. </p> <div class="paragraph"><p><num> is optional but it is the lower bound on the number of -alphanumeric characters that git must detect as moving/copying +alphanumeric characters that Git must detect as moving/copying within a file for it to associate those lines with the parent commit. The default value is 20.</p></div> </dd> @@ -963,7 +963,7 @@ looks for copies from other files in any commit. </p> <div class="paragraph"><p><num> is optional but it is the lower bound on the number of -alphanumeric characters that git must detect as moving/copying +alphanumeric characters that Git must detect as moving/copying between files for it to associate those lines with the parent commit. And the default value is 40. If there are more than one <code>-C</code> options given, the <num> argument of the last <code>-C</code> will
diff --git a/git-apply.html b/git-apply.html index 7612277..60601fb 100644 --- a/git-apply.html +++ b/git-apply.html
@@ -765,7 +765,7 @@ With the <code>--index</code> option the patch is also applied to the index, and with the <code>--cached</code> option the patch is only applied to the index. Without these options, the command applies the patch only to files, -and does not require them to be in a git repository.</p></div> +and does not require them to be in a Git repository.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>This command applies the patch but does not create a commit. Use <a href="git-am.html">git-am(1)</a> to create commits from patches generated by <a href="git-format-patch.html">git-format-patch(1)</a> and/or received by email.</p></div> @@ -1063,7 +1063,7 @@ <code>fix</code> outputs warnings for a few such errors, and applies the patch after fixing them (<code>strip</code> is a synonym --- the tool used to consider only trailing whitespace characters as errors, and the - fix involved <em>stripping</em> them, but modern gits do more). + fix involved <em>stripping</em> them, but modern Gits do more). </p> </li> <li> @@ -1186,7 +1186,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2012-07-15 22:27:35 PDT +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/git-apply.txt b/git-apply.txt index 634b84e..f605327 100644 --- a/git-apply.txt +++ b/git-apply.txt
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ With the `--index` option the patch is also applied to the index, and with the `--cached` option the patch is only applied to the index. Without these options, the command applies the patch only to files, -and does not require them to be in a git repository. +and does not require them to be in a Git repository. This command applies the patch but does not create a commit. Use linkgit:git-am[1] to create commits from patches generated by @@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ * `fix` outputs warnings for a few such errors, and applies the patch after fixing them (`strip` is a synonym --- the tool used to consider only trailing whitespace characters as errors, and the - fix involved 'stripping' them, but modern gits do more). + fix involved 'stripping' them, but modern Gits do more). * `error` outputs warnings for a few such errors, and refuses to apply the patch. * `error-all` is similar to `error` but shows all errors.
diff --git a/git-archimport.html b/git-archimport.html index 9e38a9f..1105793 100644 --- a/git-archimport.html +++ b/git-archimport.html
@@ -737,7 +737,7 @@ <h2>NAME</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <p>git-archimport - - Import an Arch repository into git + Import an Arch repository into Git </p> </div> </div> @@ -776,12 +776,12 @@ <em>git archimport</em> with the same parameters as the initial import to perform incremental imports.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>While <em>git archimport</em> will try to create sensible branch names for the -archives that it imports, it is also possible to specify git branch names -manually. To do so, write a git branch name after each <archive/branch> +archives that it imports, it is also possible to specify Git branch names +manually. To do so, write a Git branch name after each <archive/branch> parameter, separated by a colon. This way, you can shorten the Arch -branch names and convert Arch jargon to git jargon, for example mapping a +branch names and convert Arch jargon to Git jargon, for example mapping a "PROJECT--devo--VERSION" branch to "master".</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>Associating multiple Arch branches to one git branch is possible; the +<div class="paragraph"><p>Associating multiple Arch branches to one Git branch is possible; the result will make the most sense only if no commits are made to the first branch, after the second branch is created. Still, this is useful to convert Arch repositories that had been rotated periodically.</p></div> @@ -790,13 +790,13 @@ <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_merges">MERGES</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> -<div class="paragraph"><p>Patch merge data from Arch is used to mark merges in git as well. git +<div class="paragraph"><p>Patch merge data from Arch is used to mark merges in Git as well. Git does not care much about tracking patches, and only considers a merge when a branch incorporates all the commits since the point they forked. The end result -is that git will have a good idea of how far branches have diverged. So the +is that Git will have a good idea of how far branches have diverged. So the import process does lose some patch-trading metadata.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>Fortunately, when you try and merge branches imported from Arch, -git will find a good merge base, and it has a good chance of identifying +Git will find a good merge base, and it has a good chance of identifying patches that have been traded out-of-sequence between the branches.</p></div> </div> </div> @@ -900,7 +900,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2011-11-15 13:45:02 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/git-archimport.txt b/git-archimport.txt index f4504ba..163b9f6 100644 --- a/git-archimport.txt +++ b/git-archimport.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ NAME ---- -git-archimport - Import an Arch repository into git +git-archimport - Import an Arch repository into Git SYNOPSIS @@ -40,13 +40,13 @@ incremental imports. While 'git archimport' will try to create sensible branch names for the -archives that it imports, it is also possible to specify git branch names -manually. To do so, write a git branch name after each <archive/branch> +archives that it imports, it is also possible to specify Git branch names +manually. To do so, write a Git branch name after each <archive/branch> parameter, separated by a colon. This way, you can shorten the Arch -branch names and convert Arch jargon to git jargon, for example mapping a +branch names and convert Arch jargon to Git jargon, for example mapping a "PROJECT{litdd}devo{litdd}VERSION" branch to "master". -Associating multiple Arch branches to one git branch is possible; the +Associating multiple Arch branches to one Git branch is possible; the result will make the most sense only if no commits are made to the first branch, after the second branch is created. Still, this is useful to convert Arch repositories that had been rotated periodically. @@ -54,14 +54,14 @@ MERGES ------ -Patch merge data from Arch is used to mark merges in git as well. git +Patch merge data from Arch is used to mark merges in Git as well. Git does not care much about tracking patches, and only considers a merge when a branch incorporates all the commits since the point they forked. The end result -is that git will have a good idea of how far branches have diverged. So the +is that Git will have a good idea of how far branches have diverged. So the import process does lose some patch-trading metadata. Fortunately, when you try and merge branches imported from Arch, -git will find a good merge base, and it has a good chance of identifying +Git will find a good merge base, and it has a good chance of identifying patches that have been traded out-of-sequence between the branches. OPTIONS diff --git a/git-archive.html b/git-archive.html index 61dc846..ec28b05 100644 --- a/git-archive.html +++ b/git-archive.html
@@ -977,7 +977,7 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - If the attribute export-subst is set for a file then git will + If the attribute export-subst is set for a file then Git will expand several placeholders when adding this file to an archive. See <a href="gitattributes.html">gitattributes(5)</a> for details. </p> @@ -1087,7 +1087,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2012-05-02 15:00:44 PDT +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/git-archive.txt b/git-archive.txt index 59d73e5..b4c2e24 100644 --- a/git-archive.txt +++ b/git-archive.txt
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ added to archive files. See linkgit:gitattributes[5] for details. export-subst:: - If the attribute export-subst is set for a file then git will + If the attribute export-subst is set for a file then Git will expand several placeholders when adding this file to an archive. See linkgit:gitattributes[5] for details.
diff --git a/git-bisect-lk2009.html b/git-bisect-lk2009.html index b7b131b..6763f03 100644 --- a/git-bisect-lk2009.html +++ b/git-bisect-lk2009.html
@@ -941,7 +941,7 @@ will be looking for the first commit that has a version like "2.6.26-something", that is the commit that has a "SUBLEVEL = 26" line in the top level Makefile. This is a toy example because there are -better ways to find this commit with git than using "git bisect" (for +better ways to find this commit with Git than using "git bisect" (for example "git blame" or "git log -S<string>").</p></div> </div> <div class="sect2"> @@ -1148,7 +1148,7 @@ <div class="paragraph"><p>So only the W and B commits will be kept. Because commits X and Y will have been removed by rules a) and b) respectively, and because commits G are removed by rule b) too.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>Note for git users, that it is equivalent as keeping only the commit +<div class="paragraph"><p>Note for Git users, that it is equivalent as keeping only the commit given by:</p></div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> @@ -1360,8 +1360,8 @@ <div class="paragraph"><p>After step 7) (in the skip algorithm), we could check if the second commit has been skipped and return it if it is not the case. And in fact that was the algorithm we used from when "git bisect skip" was -developed in git version 1.5.4 (released on February 1st 2008) until -git version 1.6.4 (released July 29th 2009).</p></div> +developed in Git version 1.5.4 (released on February 1st 2008) until +Git version 1.6.4 (released July 29th 2009).</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>But Ingo Molnar and H. Peter Anvin (another well known linux kernel developer) both complained that sometimes the best bisection points all happened to be in an area where all the commits are @@ -1640,10 +1640,10 @@ <div class="content"> <div class="paragraph"><p>To give some hard figures, we used to have an average report-to-fix cycle of 142.6 hours (according to our somewhat weird bug-tracker -which just measures wall-clock time). Since we moved to git, we’ve +which just measures wall-clock time). Since we moved to Git, we’ve lowered that to 16.2 hours. Primarily because we can stay on top of the bug fixing now, and because everyone’s jockeying to get to fix -bugs (we’re quite proud of how lazy we are to let git find the bugs +bugs (we’re quite proud of how lazy we are to let Git find the bugs for us). Each new release results in ~40% fewer bugs (almost certainly due to how we now feel about writing tests).</p></div> </div> @@ -1816,9 +1816,9 @@ commits in already released history, for example to change the commit message or the author. And it can also be used instead of git "grafts" to link a repository with another old repository.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>In fact it’s this last feature that "sold" it to the git community, so -it is now in the "master" branch of git’s git repository and it should -be released in git 1.6.5 in October or November 2009.</p></div> +<div class="paragraph"><p>In fact it’s this last feature that "sold" it to the Git community, so +it is now in the "master" branch of Git’s Git repository and it should +be released in Git 1.6.5 in October or November 2009.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>One problem with "git replace" is that currently it stores all the replacements refs in "refs/replace/", but it would be perhaps better if the replacement refs that are useful only for bisecting would be in @@ -1906,7 +1906,7 @@ <h2 id="_acknowledgements">Acknowledgements</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"><p>Many thanks to Junio Hamano for his help in reviewing this paper, for -reviewing the patches I sent to the git mailing list, for discussing +reviewing the patches I sent to the Git mailing list, for discussing some ideas and helping me improve them, for improving "git bisect" a lot and for his awesome work in maintaining and developing Git.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>Many thanks to Ingo Molnar for giving me very useful information that @@ -1916,7 +1916,7 @@ <div class="paragraph"><p>Many thanks to Linus Torvalds for inventing, developing and evangelizing "git bisect", Git and Linux.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>Many thanks to the many other great people who helped one way or -another when I worked on git, especially to Andreas Ericsson, Johannes +another when I worked on Git, especially to Andreas Ericsson, Johannes Schindelin, H. Peter Anvin, Daniel Barkalow, Bill Lear, John Hawley, Shawn O. Pierce, Jeff King, Sam Vilain, Jon Seymour.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>Many thanks to the Linux-Kongress program committee for choosing the @@ -1979,7 +1979,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2012-11-20 13:06:02 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/git-bisect-lk2009.txt b/git-bisect-lk2009.txt index ec4497e..0eed3e3 100644 --- a/git-bisect-lk2009.txt +++ b/git-bisect-lk2009.txt
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ will be looking for the first commit that has a version like "2.6.26-something", that is the commit that has a "SUBLEVEL = 26" line in the top level Makefile. This is a toy example because there are -better ways to find this commit with git than using "git bisect" (for +better ways to find this commit with Git than using "git bisect" (for example "git blame" or "git log -S<string>"). Driving a bisection manually @@ -455,7 +455,7 @@ have been removed by rules a) and b) respectively, and because commits G are removed by rule b) too. -Note for git users, that it is equivalent as keeping only the commit +Note for Git users, that it is equivalent as keeping only the commit given by: ------------- @@ -710,8 +710,8 @@ After step 7) (in the skip algorithm), we could check if the second commit has been skipped and return it if it is not the case. And in fact that was the algorithm we used from when "git bisect skip" was -developed in git version 1.5.4 (released on February 1st 2008) until -git version 1.6.4 (released July 29th 2009). +developed in Git version 1.5.4 (released on February 1st 2008) until +Git version 1.6.4 (released July 29th 2009). But Ingo Molnar and H. Peter Anvin (another well known linux kernel developer) both complained that sometimes the best bisection points @@ -1025,10 +1025,10 @@ _____________ To give some hard figures, we used to have an average report-to-fix cycle of 142.6 hours (according to our somewhat weird bug-tracker -which just measures wall-clock time). Since we moved to git, we've +which just measures wall-clock time). Since we moved to Git, we've lowered that to 16.2 hours. Primarily because we can stay on top of the bug fixing now, and because everyone's jockeying to get to fix -bugs (we're quite proud of how lazy we are to let git find the bugs +bugs (we're quite proud of how lazy we are to let Git find the bugs for us). Each new release results in ~40% fewer bugs (almost certainly due to how we now feel about writing tests). _____________ @@ -1228,9 +1228,9 @@ message or the author. And it can also be used instead of git "grafts" to link a repository with another old repository. -In fact it's this last feature that "sold" it to the git community, so -it is now in the "master" branch of git's git repository and it should -be released in git 1.6.5 in October or November 2009. +In fact it's this last feature that "sold" it to the Git community, so +it is now in the "master" branch of Git's Git repository and it should +be released in Git 1.6.5 in October or November 2009. One problem with "git replace" is that currently it stores all the replacements refs in "refs/replace/", but it would be perhaps better @@ -1324,7 +1324,7 @@ ---------------- Many thanks to Junio Hamano for his help in reviewing this paper, for -reviewing the patches I sent to the git mailing list, for discussing +reviewing the patches I sent to the Git mailing list, for discussing some ideas and helping me improve them, for improving "git bisect" a lot and for his awesome work in maintaining and developing Git. @@ -1337,7 +1337,7 @@ evangelizing "git bisect", Git and Linux. Many thanks to the many other great people who helped one way or -another when I worked on git, especially to Andreas Ericsson, Johannes +another when I worked on Git, especially to Andreas Ericsson, Johannes Schindelin, H. Peter Anvin, Daniel Barkalow, Bill Lear, John Hawley, Shawn O. Pierce, Jeff King, Sam Vilain, Jon Seymour.
diff --git a/git-bisect.html b/git-bisect.html index d576291..a193e0c 100644 --- a/git-bisect.html +++ b/git-bisect.html
@@ -890,13 +890,13 @@ </div> <div class="sect2"> <h3 id="_bisect_skip">Bisect skip</h3> -<div class="paragraph"><p>Instead of choosing by yourself a nearby commit, you can ask git +<div class="paragraph"><p>Instead of choosing by yourself a nearby commit, you can ask Git to do it for you by issuing the command:</p></div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>$ git bisect skip # Current version cannot be tested</code></pre> </div></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>But git may eventually be unable to tell the first bad commit among +<div class="paragraph"><p>But Git may eventually be unable to tell the first bad commit among a bad commit and one or more skipped commits.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>You can even skip a range of commits, instead of just one commit, using the "<em><commit1></em>..<em><commit2></em>" notation. For example:</p></div> @@ -1121,7 +1121,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2011-11-15 13:45:02 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/git-bisect.txt b/git-bisect.txt index e4f46bc..b4831bb 100644 --- a/git-bisect.txt +++ b/git-bisect.txt
@@ -169,14 +169,14 @@ Bisect skip ~~~~~~~~~~~~ -Instead of choosing by yourself a nearby commit, you can ask git +Instead of choosing by yourself a nearby commit, you can ask Git to do it for you by issuing the command: ------------ $ git bisect skip # Current version cannot be tested ------------ -But git may eventually be unable to tell the first bad commit among +But Git may eventually be unable to tell the first bad commit among a bad commit and one or more skipped commits. You can even skip a range of commits, instead of just one commit,
diff --git a/git-blame.html b/git-blame.html index a588ec6..8bd37e7 100644 --- a/git-blame.html +++ b/git-blame.html
@@ -767,7 +767,7 @@ <div class="paragraph"><p>The report does not tell you anything about lines which have been deleted or replaced; you need to use a tool such as <em>git diff</em> or the "pickaxe" interface briefly mentioned in the following paragraph.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>Apart from supporting file annotation, git also supports searching the +<div class="paragraph"><p>Apart from supporting file annotation, Git also supports searching the development history for when a code snippet occurred in a change. This makes it possible to track when a code snippet was added to a file, moved or copied between files, and eventually deleted or replaced. It works by searching for @@ -962,7 +962,7 @@ running extra passes of inspection. </p> <div class="paragraph"><p><num> is optional but it is the lower bound on the number of -alphanumeric characters that git must detect as moving/copying +alphanumeric characters that Git must detect as moving/copying within a file for it to associate those lines with the parent commit. The default value is 20.</p></div> </dd> @@ -981,7 +981,7 @@ looks for copies from other files in any commit. </p> <div class="paragraph"><p><num> is optional but it is the lower bound on the number of -alphanumeric characters that git must detect as moving/copying +alphanumeric characters that Git must detect as moving/copying between files for it to associate those lines with the parent commit. And the default value is 40. If there are more than one <code>-C</code> options given, the <num> argument of the last <code>-C</code> will @@ -1364,7 +1364,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2012-10-01 13:59:22 PDT +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/git-blame.txt b/git-blame.txt index e44173f..9a05c2b 100644 --- a/git-blame.txt +++ b/git-blame.txt
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ replaced; you need to use a tool such as 'git diff' or the "pickaxe" interface briefly mentioned in the following paragraph. -Apart from supporting file annotation, git also supports searching the +Apart from supporting file annotation, Git also supports searching the development history for when a code snippet occurred in a change. This makes it possible to track when a code snippet was added to a file, moved or copied between files, and eventually deleted or replaced. It works by searching for
diff --git a/git-branch.html b/git-branch.html index fe4da26..0db3c20 100644 --- a/git-branch.html +++ b/git-branch.html
@@ -782,7 +782,7 @@ <div class="paragraph"><p>Note that this will create the new branch, but it will not switch the working tree to it; use "git checkout <newbranch>" to switch to the new branch.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>When a local branch is started off a remote-tracking branch, git sets up the +<div class="paragraph"><p>When a local branch is started off a remote-tracking branch, Git sets up the branch so that <em>git pull</em> will appropriately merge from the remote-tracking branch. This behavior may be changed via the global <code>branch.autosetupmerge</code> configuration flag. That setting can be @@ -1232,7 +1232,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2012-09-25 12:07:50 PDT +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/git-branch.txt b/git-branch.txt index 45a225e..d4a9be2 100644 --- a/git-branch.txt +++ b/git-branch.txt
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ working tree to it; use "git checkout <newbranch>" to switch to the new branch. -When a local branch is started off a remote-tracking branch, git sets up the +When a local branch is started off a remote-tracking branch, Git sets up the branch so that 'git pull' will appropriately merge from the remote-tracking branch. This behavior may be changed via the global `branch.autosetupmerge` configuration flag. That setting can be
diff --git a/git-bundle.html b/git-bundle.html index 3b0a3d7..e35d413 100644 --- a/git-bundle.html +++ b/git-bundle.html
@@ -759,7 +759,7 @@ <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"><p>Some workflows require that one or more branches of development on one machine be replicated on another machine, but the two machines cannot -be directly connected, and therefore the interactive git protocols (git, +be directly connected, and therefore the interactive Git protocols (git, ssh, rsync, http) cannot be used. This command provides support for <em>git fetch</em> and <em>git pull</em> to operate by packaging objects and references in an archive at the originating machine, then importing those into @@ -971,7 +971,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2013-01-08 16:14:48 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/git-bundle.txt b/git-bundle.txt index bc023cc..0417562 100644 --- a/git-bundle.txt +++ b/git-bundle.txt
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ Some workflows require that one or more branches of development on one machine be replicated on another machine, but the two machines cannot -be directly connected, and therefore the interactive git protocols (git, +be directly connected, and therefore the interactive Git protocols (git, ssh, rsync, http) cannot be used. This command provides support for 'git fetch' and 'git pull' to operate by packaging objects and references in an archive at the originating machine, then importing those into
diff --git a/git-check-ref-format.html b/git-check-ref-format.html index 55db3a6..e2ca73c 100644 --- a/git-check-ref-format.html +++ b/git-check-ref-format.html
@@ -759,13 +759,13 @@ <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"><p>Checks if a given <em>refname</em> is acceptable, and exits with a non-zero status if it is not.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>A reference is used in git to specify branches and tags. A +<div class="paragraph"><p>A reference is used in Git to specify branches and tags. A branch head is stored in the <code>refs/heads</code> hierarchy, while a tag is stored in the <code>refs/tags</code> hierarchy of the ref namespace (typically in <code>$GIT_DIR/refs/heads</code> and <code>$GIT_DIR/refs/tags</code> directories or, as entries in file <code>$GIT_DIR/packed-refs</code> if refs are packed by <code>git gc</code>).</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>git imposes the following rules on how references are named:</p></div> +<div class="paragraph"><p>Git imposes the following rules on how references are named:</p></div> <div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic"> <li> <p> @@ -944,7 +944,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2012-05-02 15:00:44 PDT +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/git-check-ref-format.txt b/git-check-ref-format.txt index 98009d1..ec1739a 100644 --- a/git-check-ref-format.txt +++ b/git-check-ref-format.txt
@@ -18,14 +18,14 @@ Checks if a given 'refname' is acceptable, and exits with a non-zero status if it is not. -A reference is used in git to specify branches and tags. A +A reference is used in Git to specify branches and tags. A branch head is stored in the `refs/heads` hierarchy, while a tag is stored in the `refs/tags` hierarchy of the ref namespace (typically in `$GIT_DIR/refs/heads` and `$GIT_DIR/refs/tags` directories or, as entries in file `$GIT_DIR/packed-refs` if refs are packed by `git gc`). -git imposes the following rules on how references are named: +Git imposes the following rules on how references are named: . They can include slash `/` for hierarchical (directory) grouping, but no slash-separated component can begin with a
diff --git a/git-checkout.html b/git-checkout.html index d424a2a..e963396 100644 --- a/git-checkout.html +++ b/git-checkout.html
@@ -1177,7 +1177,7 @@ | tag 'v2.0' (refers to commit 'b')</code></pre> </div></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>In fact, we can perform all the normal git operations. But, let’s look +<div class="paragraph"><p>In fact, we can perform all the normal Git operations. But, let’s look at what happens when we then checkout master:</p></div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> @@ -1193,7 +1193,7 @@ </div></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>It is important to realize that at this point nothing refers to commit <em>f</em>. Eventually commit <em>f</em> (and by extension commit <em>e</em>) will be deleted -by the routine git garbage collection process, unless we create a reference +by the routine Git garbage collection process, unless we create a reference before that happens. If we have not yet moved away from commit <em>f</em>, any of these will create a reference to it:</p></div> <div class="listingblock"> @@ -1349,7 +1349,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2012-12-21 15:43:33 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/git-checkout.txt b/git-checkout.txt index 6f04d22..8edcdca 100644 --- a/git-checkout.txt +++ b/git-checkout.txt
@@ -333,7 +333,7 @@ tag 'v2.0' (refers to commit 'b') ------------ -In fact, we can perform all the normal git operations. But, let's look +In fact, we can perform all the normal Git operations. But, let's look at what happens when we then checkout master: ------------ @@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ It is important to realize that at this point nothing refers to commit 'f'. Eventually commit 'f' (and by extension commit 'e') will be deleted -by the routine git garbage collection process, unless we create a reference +by the routine Git garbage collection process, unless we create a reference before that happens. If we have not yet moved away from commit 'f', any of these will create a reference to it:
diff --git a/git-clean.html b/git-clean.html index e0742bc..d7ee699 100644 --- a/git-clean.html +++ b/git-clean.html
@@ -756,7 +756,7 @@ <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"><p>Cleans the working tree by recursively removing files that are not under version control, starting from the current directory.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>Normally, only files unknown to git are removed, but if the <em>-x</em> +<div class="paragraph"><p>Normally, only files unknown to Git are removed, but if the <em>-x</em> option is specified, ignored files are also removed. This can, for example, be useful to remove all build products.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>If any optional <code><path>...</code> arguments are given, only those paths @@ -773,7 +773,7 @@ <dd> <p> Remove untracked directories in addition to untracked files. - If an untracked directory is managed by a different git + If an untracked directory is managed by a different Git repository, it is not removed by default. Use -f option twice if you really want to remove such a directory. </p> @@ -786,7 +786,7 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - If the git configuration variable clean.requireForce is not set + If the Git configuration variable clean.requireForce is not set to false, <em>git clean</em> will refuse to run unless given -f or -n. </p> </dd> @@ -844,7 +844,7 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - Remove only files ignored by git. This may be useful to rebuild + Remove only files ignored by Git. This may be useful to rebuild everything from scratch, but keep manually created files. </p> </dd> @@ -867,7 +867,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2012-09-25 12:07:50 PDT +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/git-clean.txt b/git-clean.txt index 9f42c0d..bdc3ab8 100644 --- a/git-clean.txt +++ b/git-clean.txt
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ Cleans the working tree by recursively removing files that are not under version control, starting from the current directory. -Normally, only files unknown to git are removed, but if the '-x' +Normally, only files unknown to Git are removed, but if the '-x' option is specified, ignored files are also removed. This can, for example, be useful to remove all build products. @@ -27,13 +27,13 @@ ------- -d:: Remove untracked directories in addition to untracked files. - If an untracked directory is managed by a different git + If an untracked directory is managed by a different Git repository, it is not removed by default. Use -f option twice if you really want to remove such a directory. -f:: --force:: - If the git configuration variable clean.requireForce is not set + If the Git configuration variable clean.requireForce is not set to false, 'git clean' will refuse to run unless given -f or -n. -n:: @@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ working directory to test a clean build. -X:: - Remove only files ignored by git. This may be useful to rebuild + Remove only files ignored by Git. This may be useful to rebuild everything from scratch, but keep manually created files. SEE ALSO
diff --git a/git-clone.html b/git-clone.html index 1446e95..205c5f9 100644 --- a/git-clone.html +++ b/git-clone.html
@@ -789,7 +789,7 @@ <dd> <p> When the repository to clone from is on a local machine, - this flag bypasses the normal "git aware" transport + this flag bypasses the normal "Git aware" transport mechanism and clones the repository by making a copy of HEAD and everything under objects and refs directories. The files under <code>.git/objects/</code> directory are hardlinked @@ -800,10 +800,10 @@ repository is specified as a URL, then this flag is ignored (and we never use the local optimizations). Specifying <code>--no-local</code> will override the default when <code>/path/to/repo</code> is given, using the regular -git transport instead.</p></div> +Git transport instead.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>To force copying instead of hardlinking (which may be desirable if you are trying to make a back-up of your repository), but still avoid the -usual "git aware" transport mechanism, <code>--no-hardlinks</code> can be used.</p></div> +usual "Git aware" transport mechanism, <code>--no-hardlinks</code> can be used.</p></div> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"> --no-hardlinks @@ -832,9 +832,9 @@ <div class="paragraph"><p><strong>NOTE</strong>: this is a possibly dangerous operation; do <strong>not</strong> use it unless you understand what it does. If you clone your repository using this option and then delete branches (or use any -other git command that makes any existing commit unreferenced) in the +other Git command that makes any existing commit unreferenced) in the source repository, some objects may become unreferenced (or dangling). -These objects may be removed by normal git operations (such as <code>git commit</code>) +These objects may be removed by normal Git operations (such as <code>git commit</code>) which automatically call <code>git gc --auto</code>. (See <a href="git-gc.html">git-gc(1)</a>.) If these objects are removed and were referenced by the cloned repository, then the cloned repository will become corrupt.</p></div> @@ -913,7 +913,7 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - Make a <em>bare</em> GIT repository. That is, instead of + Make a <em>bare</em> Git repository. That is, instead of creating <code><directory></code> and placing the administrative files in <code><directory>/.git</code>, make the <code><directory></code> itself the <code>$GIT_DIR</code>. This obviously implies the <code>-n</code> @@ -1061,8 +1061,8 @@ <p> Instead of placing the cloned repository where it is supposed to be, place the cloned repository at the specified directory, - then make a filesytem-agnostic git symbolic link to there. - The result is git repository can be separated from working + then make a filesytem-agnostic Git symbolic link to there. + The result is Git repository can be separated from working tree. </p> </dd> @@ -1156,7 +1156,7 @@ </p> </li> </ul></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>For local repositories, also supported by git natively, the following +<div class="paragraph"><p>For local repositories, also supported by Git natively, the following syntaxes may be used:</p></div> <div class="ulist"><ul> <li> @@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ </ul></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>These two syntaxes are mostly equivalent, except the former implies --local option.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>When git doesn’t know how to handle a certain transport protocol, it +<div class="paragraph"><p>When Git doesn’t know how to handle a certain transport protocol, it attempts to use the <em>remote-<transport></em> remote helper, if one exists. To explicitly request a remote helper, the following syntax may be used:</p></div> @@ -1292,7 +1292,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2012-11-13 14:31:09 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/git-clone.txt b/git-clone.txt index 7fefdb0..5c16e31 100644 --- a/git-clone.txt +++ b/git-clone.txt
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ --local:: -l:: When the repository to clone from is on a local machine, - this flag bypasses the normal "git aware" transport + this flag bypasses the normal "Git aware" transport mechanism and clones the repository by making a copy of HEAD and everything under objects and refs directories. The files under `.git/objects/` directory are hardlinked @@ -54,11 +54,11 @@ repository is specified as a URL, then this flag is ignored (and we never use the local optimizations). Specifying `--no-local` will override the default when `/path/to/repo` is given, using the regular -git transport instead. +Git transport instead. + To force copying instead of hardlinking (which may be desirable if you are trying to make a back-up of your repository), but still avoid the -usual "git aware" transport mechanism, `--no-hardlinks` can be used. +usual "Git aware" transport mechanism, `--no-hardlinks` can be used. --no-hardlinks:: Optimize the cloning process from a repository on a @@ -76,9 +76,9 @@ *NOTE*: this is a possibly dangerous operation; do *not* use it unless you understand what it does. If you clone your repository using this option and then delete branches (or use any -other git command that makes any existing commit unreferenced) in the +other Git command that makes any existing commit unreferenced) in the source repository, some objects may become unreferenced (or dangling). -These objects may be removed by normal git operations (such as `git commit`) +These objects may be removed by normal Git operations (such as `git commit`) which automatically call `git gc --auto`. (See linkgit:git-gc[1].) If these objects are removed and were referenced by the cloned repository, then the cloned repository will become corrupt. @@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ No checkout of HEAD is performed after the clone is complete. --bare:: - Make a 'bare' GIT repository. That is, instead of + Make a 'bare' Git repository. That is, instead of creating `<directory>` and placing the administrative files in `<directory>/.git`, make the `<directory>` itself the `$GIT_DIR`. This obviously implies the `-n` @@ -213,8 +213,8 @@ --separate-git-dir=<git dir>:: Instead of placing the cloned repository where it is supposed to be, place the cloned repository at the specified directory, - then make a filesytem-agnostic git symbolic link to there. - The result is git repository can be separated from working + then make a filesytem-agnostic Git symbolic link to there. + The result is Git repository can be separated from working tree.
diff --git a/git-commit-tree.html b/git-commit-tree.html index 4d5d657..2627fe2 100644 --- a/git-commit-tree.html +++ b/git-commit-tree.html
@@ -767,7 +767,7 @@ <div class="paragraph"><p>While a tree represents a particular directory state of a working directory, a commit represents that state in "time", and explains how to get there.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>Normally a commit would identify a new "HEAD" state, and while git +<div class="paragraph"><p>Normally a commit would identify a new "HEAD" state, and while Git doesn’t care where you save the note about that state, in practice we tend to just write the result to the file that is pointed at by <code>.git/HEAD</code>, so that we can always see what the last committed @@ -911,14 +911,14 @@ <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_discussion">Discussion</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> -<div class="paragraph"><p>At the core level, git is character encoding agnostic.</p></div> +<div class="paragraph"><p>At the core level, Git is character encoding agnostic.</p></div> <div class="ulist"><ul> <li> <p> The pathnames recorded in the index and in the tree objects are treated as uninterpreted sequences of non-NUL bytes. What readdir(2) returns are what are recorded and compared - with the data git keeps track of, which in turn are expected + with the data Git keeps track of, which in turn are expected to be what lstat(2) and creat(2) accepts. There is no such thing as pathname encoding translation. </p> @@ -938,9 +938,9 @@ </li> </ul></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>Although we encourage that the commit log messages are encoded -in UTF-8, both the core and git Porcelain are designed not to +in UTF-8, both the core and Git Porcelain are designed not to force UTF-8 on projects. If all participants of a particular -project find it more convenient to use legacy encodings, git +project find it more convenient to use legacy encodings, Git does not forbid it. However, there are a few things to keep in mind.</p></div> <div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic"> @@ -1007,7 +1007,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2013-01-18 13:06:16 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/git-commit-tree.txt b/git-commit-tree.txt index a221169..86ef56e 100644 --- a/git-commit-tree.txt +++ b/git-commit-tree.txt
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ directory, a commit represents that state in "time", and explains how to get there. -Normally a commit would identify a new "HEAD" state, and while git +Normally a commit would identify a new "HEAD" state, and while Git doesn't care where you save the note about that state, in practice we tend to just write the result to the file that is pointed at by `.git/HEAD`, so that we can always see what the last committed
diff --git a/git-commit.html b/git-commit.html index 1e46816..3c86e47 100644 --- a/git-commit.html +++ b/git-commit.html
@@ -781,7 +781,7 @@ by listing files as arguments to the <em>commit</em> command, in which case the commit will ignore changes staged in the index, and instead record the current content of the listed files (which must already - be known to git); + be known to Git); </p> </li> <li> @@ -823,7 +823,7 @@ <p> Tell the command to automatically stage files that have been modified and deleted, but new files you have not - told git about are not affected. + told Git about are not affected. </p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"> @@ -1431,17 +1431,17 @@ with a single short (less than 50 character) line summarizing the change, followed by a blank line and then a more thorough description. The text up to the first blank line in a commit message is treated -as the commit title, and that title is used throughout git. +as the commit title, and that title is used throughout Git. For example, <a href="git-format-patch.html">git-format-patch(1)</a> turns a commit into email, and it uses the title on the Subject line and the rest of the commit in the body.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>At the core level, git is character encoding agnostic.</p></div> +<div class="paragraph"><p>At the core level, Git is character encoding agnostic.</p></div> <div class="ulist"><ul> <li> <p> The pathnames recorded in the index and in the tree objects are treated as uninterpreted sequences of non-NUL bytes. What readdir(2) returns are what are recorded and compared - with the data git keeps track of, which in turn are expected + with the data Git keeps track of, which in turn are expected to be what lstat(2) and creat(2) accepts. There is no such thing as pathname encoding translation. </p> @@ -1461,9 +1461,9 @@ </li> </ul></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>Although we encourage that the commit log messages are encoded -in UTF-8, both the core and git Porcelain are designed not to +in UTF-8, both the core and Git Porcelain are designed not to force UTF-8 on projects. If all participants of a particular -project find it more convenient to use legacy encodings, git +project find it more convenient to use legacy encodings, Git does not forbid it. However, there are a few things to keep in mind.</p></div> <div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic"> @@ -1564,7 +1564,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2013-01-20 18:01:21 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/git-commit.txt b/git-commit.txt index 41b27da..0eb79cc 100644 --- a/git-commit.txt +++ b/git-commit.txt
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ 3. by listing files as arguments to the 'commit' command, in which case the commit will ignore changes staged in the index, and instead record the current content of the listed files (which must already - be known to git); + be known to Git); 4. by using the -a switch with the 'commit' command to automatically "add" changes from all known files (i.e. all files that are already @@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ --all:: Tell the command to automatically stage files that have been modified and deleted, but new files you have not - told git about are not affected. + told Git about are not affected. -p:: --patch:: @@ -404,7 +404,7 @@ with a single short (less than 50 character) line summarizing the change, followed by a blank line and then a more thorough description. The text up to the first blank line in a commit message is treated -as the commit title, and that title is used throughout git. +as the commit title, and that title is used throughout Git. For example, linkgit:git-format-patch[1] turns a commit into email, and it uses the title on the Subject line and the rest of the commit in the body.
diff --git a/git-config.html b/git-config.html index 787c2ce..e253b78 100644 --- a/git-config.html +++ b/git-config.html
@@ -1269,13 +1269,13 @@ <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_configuration_file">CONFIGURATION FILE</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> -<div class="paragraph"><p>The git configuration file contains a number of variables that affect -the git command’s behavior. The <code>.git/config</code> file in each repository +<div class="paragraph"><p>The Git configuration file contains a number of variables that affect +the Git commands' behavior. The <code>.git/config</code> file in each repository is used to store the configuration for that repository, and <code>$HOME/.gitconfig</code> is used to store a per-user configuration as fallback values for the <code>.git/config</code> file. The file <code>/etc/gitconfig</code> can be used to store a system-wide default configuration.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>The configuration variables are used by both the git plumbing +<div class="paragraph"><p>The configuration variables are used by both the Git plumbing and the porcelains. The variables are divided into sections, wherein the fully qualified variable name of the variable itself is the last dot-separated segment and the section name is everything before the last @@ -1578,9 +1578,9 @@ <dd> <p> If true, this option enables various workarounds to enable - git to work better on filesystems that are not case sensitive, + Git to work better on filesystems that are not case sensitive, like FAT. For example, if a directory listing finds - "makefile" when git expects "Makefile", git will assume + "makefile" when Git expects "Makefile", Git will assume it is really the same file, and continue to remember it as "Makefile". </p> @@ -1593,13 +1593,13 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - This option is only used by Mac OS implementation of git. - When core.precomposeunicode=true, git reverts the unicode decomposition + This option is only used by Mac OS implementation of Git. + When core.precomposeunicode=true, Git reverts the unicode decomposition of filenames done by Mac OS. This is useful when sharing a repository between Mac OS and Linux or Windows. - (Git for Windows 1.7.10 or higher is needed, or git under cygwin 1.7). - When false, file names are handled fully transparent by git, - which is backward compatible with older versions of git. + (Git for Windows 1.7.10 or higher is needed, or Git under cygwin 1.7). + When false, file names are handled fully transparent by Git, + which is backward compatible with older versions of Git. </p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"> @@ -1660,20 +1660,20 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - If true, makes git check if converting <code>CRLF</code> is reversible when + If true, makes Git check if converting <code>CRLF</code> is reversible when end-of-line conversion is active. Git will verify if a command modifies a file in the work tree either directly or indirectly. For example, committing a file followed by checking out the same file should yield the original file in the work tree. If this is not the case for the current setting of - <code>core.autocrlf</code>, git will reject the file. The variable can - be set to "warn", in which case git will only warn about an + <code>core.autocrlf</code>, Git will reject the file. The variable can + be set to "warn", in which case Git will only warn about an irreversible conversion but continue the operation. </p> <div class="paragraph"><p>CRLF conversion bears a slight chance of corrupting data. -When it is enabled, git will convert CRLF to LF during commit and LF to +When it is enabled, Git will convert CRLF to LF during commit and LF to CRLF during checkout. A file that contains a mixture of LF and -CRLF before the commit cannot be recreated by git. For text +CRLF before the commit cannot be recreated by Git. For text files this is the right thing to do: it corrects line endings such that we have only LF line endings in the repository. But for binary files that are accidentally classified as text the @@ -1682,7 +1682,7 @@ setting the conversion type explicitly in .gitattributes. Right after committing you still have the original file in your work tree and this file is not yet corrupted. You can explicitly tell -git that this file is binary and git will handle the file +Git that this file is binary and Git will handle the file appropriately.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>Unfortunately, the desired effect of cleaning up text files with mixed line endings and the undesired effect of corrupting binary @@ -1738,7 +1738,7 @@ <p> A "proxy command" to execute (as <em>command host port</em>) instead of establishing direct connection to the remote server when - using the git protocol for fetching. If the variable value is + using the Git protocol for fetching. If the variable value is in the "COMMAND for DOMAIN" format, the command is applied only on hostnames ending with the specified domain string. This variable may be set multiple times and is matched in the given order; @@ -1814,7 +1814,7 @@ file in a ".git" subdirectory of a directory and its value differs from the latter directory (e.g. "/path/to/.git/config" has core.worktree set to "/different/path"), which is most likely a -misconfiguration. Running git commands in the "/path/to" directory will +misconfiguration. Running Git commands in the "/path/to" directory will still use "/different/path" as the root of the work tree and can cause confusion unless you know what you are doing (e.g. you are creating a read-only snapshot of the same index to a location different from the @@ -1858,7 +1858,7 @@ several users in a group (making sure all the files and objects are group-writable). When <em>all</em> (or <em>world</em> or <em>everybody</em>), the repository will be readable by all users, additionally to being - group-shareable. When <em>umask</em> (or <em>false</em>), git will use permissions + group-shareable. When <em>umask</em> (or <em>false</em>), Git will use permissions reported by umask(2). When <em>0xxx</em>, where <em>0xxx</em> is an octal number, files in the repository will have this mode value. <em>0xxx</em> will override user’s umask value (whereas the other options will only override @@ -1874,7 +1874,7 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - If true, git will warn you if the ref name you passed it is ambiguous + If true, Git will warn you if the ref name you passed it is ambiguous and might match multiple refs in the .git/refs/ tree. True by default. </p> </dd> @@ -1973,7 +1973,7 @@ <dd> <p> In addition to <em>.gitignore</em> (per-directory) and - <em>.git/info/exclude</em>, git looks into this file for patterns + <em>.git/info/exclude</em>, Git looks into this file for patterns of files which are not meant to be tracked. "<code>~/</code>" is expanded to the value of <code>$HOME</code> and "<code>~user/</code>" to the specified user’s home directory. Its default value is $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/ignore. @@ -2001,7 +2001,7 @@ <dd> <p> In addition to <em>.gitattributes</em> (per-directory) and - <em>.git/info/attributes</em>, git looks into this file for attributes + <em>.git/info/attributes</em>, Git looks into this file for attributes (see <a href="gitattributes.html">gitattributes(5)</a>). Path expansions are made the same way as for <code>core.excludesfile</code>. Its default value is $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/attributes. If $XDG_CONFIG_HOME is either not @@ -2046,9 +2046,9 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - The command that git will use to paginate output. Can + The command that Git will use to paginate output. Can be overridden with the <code>GIT_PAGER</code> environment - variable. Note that git sets the <code>LESS</code> environment + variable. Note that Git sets the <code>LESS</code> environment variable to <code>FRSX</code> if it is unset when it runs the pager. One can change these settings by setting the <code>LESS</code> variable to some other value. Alternately, @@ -2056,11 +2056,11 @@ global basis by setting the <code>core.pager</code> option. Setting <code>core.pager</code> has no effect on the <code>LESS</code> environment variable behaviour above, so if you want - to override git’s default settings this way, you need + to override Git’s default settings this way, you need to be explicit. For example, to disable the S option in a backward compatible manner, set <code>core.pager</code> to <code>less -+S</code>. This will be passed to the shell by - git, which will translate the final command to + Git, which will translate the final command to <code>LESS=FRSX less -+S</code>. </p> </dd> @@ -2125,7 +2125,7 @@ <li> <p> <code>tabwidth=<n></code> tells how many character positions a tab occupies; this - is relevant for <code>indent-with-non-tab</code> and when git fixes <code>tab-in-indent</code> + is relevant for <code>indent-with-non-tab</code> and when Git fixes <code>tab-in-indent</code> errors. The default tab width is 8. Allowed values are 1 to 63. </p> </li> @@ -2152,7 +2152,7 @@ </p> <div class="paragraph"><p>This can speed up operations like <em>git diff</em> and <em>git status</em> especially on filesystems like NFS that have weak caching semantics and thus -relatively high IO latencies. With this set to <em>true</em>, git will do the +relatively high IO latencies. With this set to <em>true</em>, Git will do the index comparison to the filesystem data in parallel, allowing overlapping IO’s.</p></div> </dd> @@ -2212,9 +2212,9 @@ <p> Tells <em>git add</em> to continue adding files when some files cannot be added due to indexing errors. Equivalent to the <em>--ignore-errors</em> - option of <a href="git-add.html">git-add(1)</a>. Older versions of git accept only + option of <a href="git-add.html">git-add(1)</a>. Older versions of Git accept only <code>add.ignore-errors</code>, which does not follow the usual naming - convention for configuration variables. Newer versions of git + convention for configuration variables. Newer versions of Git honor <code>add.ignoreErrors</code> as well. </p> </dd> @@ -2227,7 +2227,7 @@ after defining "alias.last = cat-file commit HEAD", the invocation "git last" is equivalent to "git cat-file commit HEAD". To avoid confusion and troubles with script usage, aliases that - hide existing git commands are ignored. Arguments are split by + hide existing Git commands are ignored. Arguments are split by spaces, the usual shell quoting and escaping is supported. quote pair and a backslash can be used to quote them. </p> @@ -2297,7 +2297,7 @@ <dd> <p> When a new branch is created with <em>git branch</em> or <em>git checkout</em> - that tracks another branch, this variable tells git to set + that tracks another branch, this variable tells Git to set up pull to rebase instead of merge (see "branch.<name>.rebase"). When <code>never</code>, rebase is never automatically set to true. When <code>local</code>, rebase is set to true for tracked branches of @@ -2623,7 +2623,7 @@ one of <code>header</code> (the header text of the status message), <code>added</code> or <code>updated</code> (files which are added but not committed), <code>changed</code> (files which are changed but not added in the index), - <code>untracked</code> (files which are not tracked by git), + <code>untracked</code> (files which are not tracked by Git), <code>branch</code> (the current branch), or <code>nobranch</code> (the color the <em>no branch</em> warning is shown in, defaulting to red). The values of these variables may be specified as in @@ -2642,7 +2642,7 @@ to <code>always</code> if you want all output not intended for machine consumption to use color, to <code>true</code> or <code>auto</code> if you want such output to use color when written to the terminal, or to <code>false</code> or - <code>never</code> if you prefer git commands not to use color unless enabled + <code>never</code> if you prefer Git commands not to use color unless enabled explicitly with some other configuration or the <code>--color</code> option. </p> </dd> @@ -3043,7 +3043,7 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - Tells git to detect renames. If set to any boolean value, it + Tells Git to detect renames. If set to any boolean value, it will enable basic rename detection. If set to "copies" or "copy", it will detect copies, as well. </p> @@ -3212,7 +3212,7 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - If the number of objects fetched over the git native + If the number of objects fetched over the Git native transfer is below this limit, then the objects will be unpacked into loose object files. However if the number of received objects equals or @@ -3284,7 +3284,7 @@ <dd> <p> The default for format-patch is to output a signature containing - the git version number. Use this variable to change that default. + the Git version number. Use this variable to change that default. Set this variable to the empty string ("") to suppress signature generation. </p> @@ -3496,7 +3496,7 @@ <p> If true, the server will look up the end-of-line conversion attributes for files to determine the <em>-k</em> modes to use. If - the attributes force git to treat a file as text, + the attributes force Git to treat a file as text, the <em>-k</em> mode will be left blank so CVS clients will treat it as text. If they suppress text conversion, the file will be set with <em>-kb</em> mode, which suppresses any newline munging @@ -3526,7 +3526,7 @@ <dd> <p> Database used by git-cvsserver to cache revision information - derived from the git repository. The exact meaning depends on the + derived from the Git repository. The exact meaning depends on the used database driver, for SQLite (which is the default driver) this is a filename. Supports variable substitution (see <a href="git-cvsserver.html">git-cvsserver(1)</a> for details). May not contain semicolons (<code>;</code>). @@ -3941,7 +3941,7 @@ <dd> <p> File containing previously stored cookie lines which should be used - in the git http session, if they match the server. The file format + in the Git http session, if they match the server. The file format of the file to read cookies from should be plain HTTP headers or the Netscape/Mozilla cookie file format (see <a href="curl.html">curl(1)</a>). NOTE that the file specified with http.cookiefile is only used as @@ -3983,7 +3983,7 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - Enable git’s password prompt for the SSL certificate. Otherwise + Enable Git’s password prompt for the SSL certificate. Otherwise OpenSSL will prompt the user, possibly many times, if the certificate or private key is encrypted. Can be overridden by the <em>GIT_SSL_CERT_PASSWORD_PROTECTED</em> environment variable. @@ -4070,7 +4070,7 @@ <dd> <p> The HTTP USER_AGENT string presented to an HTTP server. The default - value represents the version of the client git such as git/1.7.1. + value represents the version of the client Git such as git/1.7.1. This option allows you to override this value to a more common value such as Mozilla/4.0. This may be necessary, for instance, if connecting through a firewall that restricts HTTP connections to a set @@ -4083,7 +4083,7 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - Character encoding the commit messages are stored in; git itself + Character encoding the commit messages are stored in; Git itself does not care per se, but this information is necessary e.g. when importing commits from emails or in the gitk graphical history browser (and possibly at other places in the future or in other @@ -4318,10 +4318,10 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - By default, git does not create an extra merge commit when merging + By default, Git does not create an extra merge commit when merging a commit that is a descendant of the current commit. Instead, the tip of the current branch is fast-forwarded. When set to <code>false</code>, - this variable tells git to create an extra merge commit in such + this variable tells Git to create an extra merge commit in such a case (equivalent to giving the <code>--no-ff</code> option from the command line). When set to <code>only</code>, only such fast-forward merges are allowed (equivalent to giving the <code>--ff-only</code> option from the @@ -4354,10 +4354,10 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - Tell git that canonical representation of files in the + Tell Git that canonical representation of files in the repository has changed over time (e.g. earlier commits record text files with CRLF line endings, but recent ones use LF line - endings). In such a repository, git can convert the data + endings). In such a repository, Git can convert the data recorded in commits to a canonical form before performing a merge to reduce unnecessary conflicts. For more information, see section "Merging branches with differing checkin/checkout @@ -4481,7 +4481,7 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - When invoking a custom merge tool, git uses a set of temporary + When invoking a custom merge tool, Git uses a set of temporary files to pass to the tool. If the tool returns an error and this variable is set to <code>true</code>, then these temporary files will be preserved, otherwise they will be removed after the tool has @@ -4522,7 +4522,7 @@ <dd> <p> When rewriting commits with <command> (currently <code>amend</code> or - <code>rebase</code>) and this variable is set to <code>true</code>, git + <code>rebase</code>) and this variable is set to <code>true</code>, Git automatically copies your notes from the original to the rewritten commit. Defaults to <code>true</code>, but see "notes.rewriteRef" below. @@ -4643,7 +4643,7 @@ warning. This is meant to reduce packing time on multiprocessor machines. The required amount of memory for the delta search window is however multiplied by the number of threads. - Specifying 0 will cause git to auto-detect the number of CPU’s + Specifying 0 will cause Git to auto-detect the number of CPU’s and set the number of threads accordingly. </p> </dd> @@ -4660,11 +4660,11 @@ and this config option ignored whenever the corresponding pack is larger than 2 GB. </p> -<div class="paragraph"><p>If you have an old git that does not understand the version 2 <code>*.idx</code> file, +<div class="paragraph"><p>If you have an old Git that does not understand the version 2 <code>*.idx</code> file, cloning or fetching over a non native protocol (e.g. "http" and "rsync") that will copy both <code>*.pack</code> file and corresponding <code>*.idx</code> file from the other side may give you a repository that cannot be accessed with your -older version of git. If the <code>*.pack</code> file is smaller than 2 GB, however, +older version of Git. If the <code>*.pack</code> file is smaller than 2 GB, however, you can use <a href="git-index-pack.html">git-index-pack(1)</a> on the *.pack file to regenerate the <code>*.idx</code> file.</p></div> </dd> @@ -4688,7 +4688,7 @@ <dd> <p> If the value is boolean, turns on or off pagination of the - output of a particular git subcommand when writing to a tty. + output of a particular Git subcommand when writing to a tty. Otherwise, turns on pagination for the subcommand using the pager specified by the value of <code>pager.<cmd></code>. If <code>--paginate</code> or <code>--no-pager</code> is specified on the command line, it takes @@ -4747,7 +4747,7 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - Defines the action git push should take if no refspec is given + Defines the action <code>git push</code> should take if no refspec is given on the command line, no refspec is configured in the remote, and no refspec is implied by any of the options given on the command line. Possible values are: @@ -5018,7 +5018,7 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - Setting this to a value <vcs> will cause git to interact with + Setting this to a value <vcs> will cause Git to interact with the remote with the git-remote-<vcs> helper. </p> </dd> @@ -5038,9 +5038,9 @@ <p> By default, <a href="git-repack.html">git-repack(1)</a> creates packs that use delta-base offset. If you need to share your repository with - git older than version 1.4.4, either directly or via a dumb + Git older than version 1.4.4, either directly or via a dumb protocol such as http, then you need to set this option to - "false" and repack. Access from old git versions over the + "false" and repack. Access from old Git versions over the native protocol are unaffected by this option. </p> </dd> @@ -5201,7 +5201,7 @@ <p> By default, <a href="git-status.html">git-status(1)</a> shows paths relative to the current directory. Setting this variable to <code>false</code> shows paths - relative to the repository root (this was the default for git + relative to the repository root (this was the default for Git prior to v1.5.4). </p> </dd> @@ -5355,7 +5355,7 @@ large number of repositories, and serves them with multiple access methods, and some users need to use different access methods, this feature allows people to specify any of the - equivalent URLs and have git automatically rewrite the URL to + equivalent URLs and have Git automatically rewrite the URL to the best alternative for the particular user, even for a never-before-seen repository on the site. When more than one insteadOf strings match a given URL, the longest match is used. @@ -5371,11 +5371,11 @@ resulting URL will be pushed to. In cases where some site serves a large number of repositories, and serves them with multiple access methods, some of which do not allow push, this feature - allows people to specify a pull-only URL and have git + allows people to specify a pull-only URL and have Git automatically use an appropriate URL to push, even for a never-before-seen repository on the site. When more than one pushInsteadOf strings match a given URL, the longest match is - used. If a remote has an explicit pushurl, git will ignore this + used. If a remote has an explicit pushurl, Git will ignore this setting for that remote. </p> </dd> diff --git a/git-credential-cache.html b/git-credential-cache.html index b972619..e71fce8 100644 --- a/git-credential-cache.html +++ b/git-credential-cache.html
@@ -754,12 +754,12 @@ <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> -<div class="paragraph"><p>This command caches credentials in memory for use by future git +<div class="paragraph"><p>This command caches credentials in memory for use by future Git programs. The stored credentials never touch the disk, and are forgotten after a configurable timeout. The cache is accessible over a Unix domain socket, restricted to the current user by filesystem permissions.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>You probably don’t want to invoke this command directly; it is meant to -be used as a credential helper by other parts of git. See +be used as a credential helper by other parts of Git. See <a href="gitcredentials.html">gitcredentials(7)</a> or <code>EXAMPLES</code> below.</p></div> </div> </div> @@ -835,7 +835,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2012-08-22 12:54:47 PDT +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/git-credential-cache.txt b/git-credential-cache.txt index eeff5fa..89b7306 100644 --- a/git-credential-cache.txt +++ b/git-credential-cache.txt
@@ -14,13 +14,13 @@ DESCRIPTION ----------- -This command caches credentials in memory for use by future git +This command caches credentials in memory for use by future Git programs. The stored credentials never touch the disk, and are forgotten after a configurable timeout. The cache is accessible over a Unix domain socket, restricted to the current user by filesystem permissions. You probably don't want to invoke this command directly; it is meant to -be used as a credential helper by other parts of git. See +be used as a credential helper by other parts of Git. See linkgit:gitcredentials[7] or `EXAMPLES` below. OPTIONS
diff --git a/git-credential-store.html b/git-credential-store.html index e8a8e7a..cd6bf41 100644 --- a/git-credential-store.html +++ b/git-credential-store.html
@@ -766,7 +766,7 @@ </tr></table> </div> <div class="paragraph"><p>This command stores credentials indefinitely on disk for use by future -git programs.</p></div> +Git programs.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>You probably don’t want to invoke this command directly; it is meant to be used as a credential helper by other parts of git. See <a href="gitcredentials.html">gitcredentials(7)</a> or <code>EXAMPLES</code> below.</p></div> @@ -817,11 +817,11 @@ <div class="content"> <pre><code>https://user:pass@example.com</code></pre> </div></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>When git needs authentication for a particular URL context, +<div class="paragraph"><p>When Git needs authentication for a particular URL context, credential-store will consider that context a pattern to match against each entry in the credentials file. If the protocol, hostname, and username (if we already have one) match, then the password is returned -to git. See the discussion of configuration in <a href="gitcredentials.html">gitcredentials(7)</a> +to Git. See the discussion of configuration in <a href="gitcredentials.html">gitcredentials(7)</a> for more information.</p></div> </div> </div> @@ -835,7 +835,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2012-08-22 12:54:47 PDT +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/git-credential-store.txt b/git-credential-store.txt index b27c03c..8481cae 100644 --- a/git-credential-store.txt +++ b/git-credential-store.txt
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ that integrates with secure storage provided by your operating system. This command stores credentials indefinitely on disk for use by future -git programs. +Git programs. You probably don't want to invoke this command directly; it is meant to be used as a credential helper by other parts of git. See @@ -63,11 +63,11 @@ https://user:pass@example.com ------------------------------ -When git needs authentication for a particular URL context, +When Git needs authentication for a particular URL context, credential-store will consider that context a pattern to match against each entry in the credentials file. If the protocol, hostname, and username (if we already have one) match, then the password is returned -to git. See the discussion of configuration in linkgit:gitcredentials[7] +to Git. See the discussion of configuration in linkgit:gitcredentials[7] for more information. GIT
diff --git a/git-credential.html b/git-credential.html index 0ffa0e5..9513624 100644 --- a/git-credential.html +++ b/git-credential.html
@@ -758,9 +758,9 @@ from system-specific helpers, as well as prompting the user for usernames and passwords. The git-credential command exposes this interface to scripts which may want to retrieve, store, or prompt for -credentials in the same manner as git. The design of this scriptable +credentials in the same manner as Git. The design of this scriptable interface models the internal C API; see -<a href="technical/api-credentials.txt">the git credential API</a> for more +<a href="technical/api-credentials.txt">the Git credential API</a> for more background on the concepts.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>git-credential takes an "action" option on the command-line (one of <code>fill</code>, <code>approve</code>, or <code>reject</code>) and reads a credential description @@ -818,7 +818,7 @@ password=secr3t</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>In most cases, this means the attributes given in the input will be -repeated in the output, but git may also modify the credential +repeated in the output, but Git may also modify the credential description, for example by removing the <code>path</code> attribute when the protocol is HTTP(s) and <code>credential.useHttpPath</code> is false.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>If the <code>git credential</code> knew about the password, this step may @@ -934,7 +934,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2012-08-08 15:52:38 PDT +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/git-credential.txt b/git-credential.txt index 810e957..472f00f 100644 --- a/git-credential.txt +++ b/git-credential.txt
@@ -18,9 +18,9 @@ from system-specific helpers, as well as prompting the user for usernames and passwords. The git-credential command exposes this interface to scripts which may want to retrieve, store, or prompt for -credentials in the same manner as git. The design of this scriptable +credentials in the same manner as Git. The design of this scriptable interface models the internal C API; see -link:technical/api-credentials.txt[the git credential API] for more +link:technical/api-credentials.txt[the Git credential API] for more background on the concepts. git-credential takes an "action" option on the command-line (one of @@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ password=secr3t + In most cases, this means the attributes given in the input will be -repeated in the output, but git may also modify the credential +repeated in the output, but Git may also modify the credential description, for example by removing the `path` attribute when the protocol is HTTP(s) and `credential.useHttpPath` is false. +
diff --git a/git-cvsexportcommit.html b/git-cvsexportcommit.html index 9206033..16f0306 100644 --- a/git-cvsexportcommit.html +++ b/git-cvsexportcommit.html
@@ -755,8 +755,8 @@ <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> -<div class="paragraph"><p>Exports a commit from GIT to a CVS checkout, making it easier -to merge patches from a git repository into a CVS repository.</p></div> +<div class="paragraph"><p>Exports a commit from Git to a CVS checkout, making it easier +to merge patches from a Git repository into a CVS repository.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>Specify the name of a CVS checkout using the -w switch or execute it from the root of the CVS working copy. In the latter case GIT_DIR must be defined. See examples below.</p></div> @@ -858,7 +858,7 @@ <p> Specify the location of the CVS checkout to use for the export. This option does not require GIT_DIR to be set before execution if the - current directory is within a git repository. The default is the + current directory is within a Git repository. The default is the value of <em>cvsexportcommit.cvsdir</em>. </p> </dd> @@ -947,7 +947,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2011-11-15 13:45:02 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/git-cvsexportcommit.txt b/git-cvsexportcommit.txt index 7f79cec..00154b6 100644 --- a/git-cvsexportcommit.txt +++ b/git-cvsexportcommit.txt
@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@ DESCRIPTION ----------- -Exports a commit from GIT to a CVS checkout, making it easier -to merge patches from a git repository into a CVS repository. +Exports a commit from Git to a CVS checkout, making it easier +to merge patches from a Git repository into a CVS repository. Specify the name of a CVS checkout using the -w switch or execute it from the root of the CVS working copy. In the latter case GIT_DIR must @@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ -w:: Specify the location of the CVS checkout to use for the export. This option does not require GIT_DIR to be set before execution if the - current directory is within a git repository. The default is the + current directory is within a Git repository. The default is the value of 'cvsexportcommit.cvsdir'. -W::
diff --git a/git-cvsimport.html b/git-cvsimport.html index b131ba2..cbc3aaa 100644 --- a/git-cvsimport.html +++ b/git-cvsimport.html
@@ -763,7 +763,7 @@ performing a one-shot import of a CVS repository consider using <a href="http://cvs2svn.tigris.org/cvs2git.html">cvs2git</a> or <a href="https://github.com/BartMassey/parsecvs">parsecvs</a>.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>Imports a CVS repository into git. It will either create a new +<div class="paragraph"><p>Imports a CVS repository into Git. It will either create a new repository, or incrementally import into an existing one.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>Splitting the CVS log into patch sets is done by <em>cvsps</em>. At least version 2.1 is required.</p></div> @@ -821,7 +821,7 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - The git repository to import to. If the directory doesn’t + The Git repository to import to. If the directory doesn’t exist, it will be created. Default is the current directory. </p> </dd> @@ -830,7 +830,7 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - The git remote to import this CVS repository into. + The Git remote to import this CVS repository into. Moves all CVS branches into remotes/<remote>/<branch> akin to the way <em>git clone</em> uses <em>origin</em> by default. </p> @@ -841,8 +841,8 @@ <dd> <p> When no remote is specified (via -r) the <em>HEAD</em> branch - from CVS is imported to the <em>origin</em> branch within the git - repository, as <em>HEAD</em> already has a special meaning for git. + from CVS is imported to the <em>origin</em> branch within the Git + repository, as <em>HEAD</em> already has a special meaning for Git. When a remote is specified the <em>HEAD</em> branch is named remotes/<remote>/master mirroring <em>git clone</em> behaviour. Use this option if you want to import into a different @@ -1103,7 +1103,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2013-02-01 13:36:31 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/git-cvsimport.txt b/git-cvsimport.txt index f059ea9..d1bcda2 100644 --- a/git-cvsimport.txt +++ b/git-cvsimport.txt
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ link:http://cvs2svn.tigris.org/cvs2git.html[cvs2git] or link:https://github.com/BartMassey/parsecvs[parsecvs]. -Imports a CVS repository into git. It will either create a new +Imports a CVS repository into Git. It will either create a new repository, or incrementally import into an existing one. Splitting the CVS log into patch sets is done by 'cvsps'. @@ -65,18 +65,18 @@ `CVS/Repository`. -C <target-dir>:: - The git repository to import to. If the directory doesn't + The Git repository to import to. If the directory doesn't exist, it will be created. Default is the current directory. -r <remote>:: - The git remote to import this CVS repository into. + The Git remote to import this CVS repository into. Moves all CVS branches into remotes/<remote>/<branch> akin to the way 'git clone' uses 'origin' by default. -o <branch-for-HEAD>:: When no remote is specified (via -r) the 'HEAD' branch - from CVS is imported to the 'origin' branch within the git - repository, as 'HEAD' already has a special meaning for git. + from CVS is imported to the 'origin' branch within the Git + repository, as 'HEAD' already has a special meaning for Git. When a remote is specified the 'HEAD' branch is named remotes/<remote>/master mirroring 'git clone' behaviour. Use this option if you want to import into a different
diff --git a/git-cvsserver.html b/git-cvsserver.html index 053e558..61ee476 100644 --- a/git-cvsserver.html +++ b/git-cvsserver.html
@@ -737,7 +737,7 @@ <h2>NAME</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <p>git-cvsserver - - A CVS server emulator for git + A CVS server emulator for Git </p> </div> </div> @@ -837,7 +837,7 @@ <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> -<div class="paragraph"><p>This application is a CVS emulation layer for git.</p></div> +<div class="paragraph"><p>This application is a CVS emulation layer for Git.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>It is highly functional. However, not all methods are implemented, and for those methods that are implemented, not all switches are implemented.</p></div> @@ -848,8 +848,8 @@ <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_limitations">LIMITATIONS</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> -<div class="paragraph"><p>CVS clients cannot tag, branch or perform GIT merges.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p><em>git-cvsserver</em> maps GIT branches to CVS modules. This is very different +<div class="paragraph"><p>CVS clients cannot tag, branch or perform Git merges.</p></div> +<div class="paragraph"><p><em>git-cvsserver</em> maps Git branches to CVS modules. This is very different from what most CVS users would expect since in CVS modules usually represent one or more directories.</p></div> </div> @@ -906,7 +906,7 @@ <div class="content"> <pre><code> cvs -d:pserver:someuser:somepassword <at> server/path/repo.git co <HEAD_name></code></pre> </div></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>No special setup is needed for SSH access, other than having GIT tools +<div class="paragraph"><p>No special setup is needed for SSH access, other than having Git tools in the PATH. If you have clients that do not accept the CVS_SERVER environment variable, you can rename <em>git-cvsserver</em> to <code>cvs</code>.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>Note: Newer CVS versions (>= 1.12.11) also support specifying @@ -939,8 +939,8 @@ <div class="paragraph"><p>Note: you need to ensure each user that is going to invoke <em>git-cvsserver</em> has write access to the log file and to the database (see <a href="#dbbackend">Database Backend</a>. If you want to offer write access over -SSH, the users of course also need write access to the git repository itself.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>You also need to ensure that each repository is "bare" (without a git index +SSH, the users of course also need write access to the Git repository itself.</p></div> +<div class="paragraph"><p>You also need to ensure that each repository is "bare" (without a Git index file) for <code>cvs commit</code> to work. See <a href="gitcvs-migration.html">gitcvs-migration(7)</a>.</p></div> <div class="paragraph" id="configaccessmethod"><p>All configuration variables can also be overridden for a specific method of access. Valid method names are "ext" (for SSH access) and "pserver". The @@ -961,7 +961,7 @@ If you didn’t specify the CVSROOT/CVS_SERVER directly in the checkout command, automatically saving it in your <em>CVS/Root</em> files, then you need to set them explicitly in your environment. CVSROOT should be set as per normal, but the - directory should point at the appropriate git repo. As above, for SSH clients + directory should point at the appropriate Git repo. As above, for SSH clients <em>not</em> restricted to <em>git-shell</em>, CVS_SERVER should be set to <em>git-cvsserver</em>. </p> <div class="openblock"> @@ -985,7 +985,7 @@ <li> <p> Clients should now be able to check out the project. Use the CVS <em>module</em> - name to indicate what GIT <em>head</em> you want to check out. This also sets the + name to indicate what Git <em>head</em> you want to check out. This also sets the name of your newly checked-out directory, unless you tell it otherwise with <code>-d <dir_name></code>. For example, this checks out <em>master</em> branch to the <code>project-master</code> directory: @@ -1001,7 +1001,7 @@ <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="dbbackend">Database Backend</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> -<div class="paragraph"><p><em>git-cvsserver</em> uses one database per git head (i.e. CVS module) to +<div class="paragraph"><p><em>git-cvsserver</em> uses one database per Git head (i.e. CVS module) to store information about the repository to maintain consistent CVS revision numbers. The database needs to be updated (i.e. written to) after every commit.</p></div> @@ -1013,7 +1013,7 @@ the pserver method), <em>git-cvsserver</em> should have write access to the database to work reliably (otherwise you need to make sure that the database is up-to-date any time <em>git-cvsserver</em> is executed).</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>By default it uses SQLite databases in the git directory, named +<div class="paragraph"><p>By default it uses SQLite databases in the Git directory, named <code>gitcvs.<module_name>.sqlite</code>. Note that the SQLite backend creates temporary files in the same directory as the database file on write so it might not be enough to grant the users using @@ -1104,7 +1104,7 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - git directory name + Git directory name </p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"> @@ -1112,7 +1112,7 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - git directory name, where all characters except for + Git directory name, where all characters except for alpha-numeric ones, <code>.</code>, and <code>-</code> are replaced with <code>_</code> (this should make it easier to use the directory name in a filename if wanted) @@ -1123,7 +1123,7 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - CVS module/git head name + CVS module/Git head name </p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"> @@ -1309,7 +1309,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2013-01-25 13:32:06 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/git-cvsserver.txt b/git-cvsserver.txt index 940c2ba..472f5cb 100644 --- a/git-cvsserver.txt +++ b/git-cvsserver.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ NAME ---- -git-cvsserver - A CVS server emulator for git +git-cvsserver - A CVS server emulator for Git SYNOPSIS -------- @@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ DESCRIPTION ----------- -This application is a CVS emulation layer for git. +This application is a CVS emulation layer for Git. It is highly functional. However, not all methods are implemented, and for those methods that are implemented, @@ -72,9 +72,9 @@ LIMITATIONS ----------- -CVS clients cannot tag, branch or perform GIT merges. +CVS clients cannot tag, branch or perform Git merges. -'git-cvsserver' maps GIT branches to CVS modules. This is very different +'git-cvsserver' maps Git branches to CVS modules. This is very different from what most CVS users would expect since in CVS modules usually represent one or more directories. @@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ ------ cvs -d:pserver:someuser:somepassword <at> server/path/repo.git co <HEAD_name> ------ -No special setup is needed for SSH access, other than having GIT tools +No special setup is needed for SSH access, other than having Git tools in the PATH. If you have clients that do not accept the CVS_SERVER environment variable, you can rename 'git-cvsserver' to `cvs`. @@ -160,9 +160,9 @@ Note: you need to ensure each user that is going to invoke 'git-cvsserver' has write access to the log file and to the database (see <<dbbackend,Database Backend>>. If you want to offer write access over -SSH, the users of course also need write access to the git repository itself. +SSH, the users of course also need write access to the Git repository itself. -You also need to ensure that each repository is "bare" (without a git index +You also need to ensure that each repository is "bare" (without a Git index file) for `cvs commit` to work. See linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7]. [[configaccessmethod]] @@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ 3. If you didn't specify the CVSROOT/CVS_SERVER directly in the checkout command, automatically saving it in your 'CVS/Root' files, then you need to set them explicitly in your environment. CVSROOT should be set as per normal, but the - directory should point at the appropriate git repo. As above, for SSH clients + directory should point at the appropriate Git repo. As above, for SSH clients _not_ restricted to 'git-shell', CVS_SERVER should be set to 'git-cvsserver'. + -- @@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ shell is bash, .bashrc may be a reasonable alternative. 5. Clients should now be able to check out the project. Use the CVS 'module' - name to indicate what GIT 'head' you want to check out. This also sets the + name to indicate what Git 'head' you want to check out. This also sets the name of your newly checked-out directory, unless you tell it otherwise with `-d <dir_name>`. For example, this checks out 'master' branch to the `project-master` directory: @@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ Database Backend ---------------- -'git-cvsserver' uses one database per git head (i.e. CVS module) to +'git-cvsserver' uses one database per Git head (i.e. CVS module) to store information about the repository to maintain consistent CVS revision numbers. The database needs to be updated (i.e. written to) after every commit. @@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ the database to work reliably (otherwise you need to make sure that the database is up-to-date any time 'git-cvsserver' is executed). -By default it uses SQLite databases in the git directory, named +By default it uses SQLite databases in the Git directory, named `gitcvs.<module_name>.sqlite`. Note that the SQLite backend creates temporary files in the same directory as the database file on write so it might not be enough to grant the users using @@ -291,14 +291,14 @@ In `dbdriver` and `dbuser` you can use the following variables: %G:: - git directory name + Git directory name %g:: - git directory name, where all characters except for + Git directory name, where all characters except for alpha-numeric ones, `.`, and `-` are replaced with `_` (this should make it easier to use the directory name in a filename if wanted) %m:: - CVS module/git head name + CVS module/Git head name %a:: access method (one of "ext" or "pserver") %u::
diff --git a/git-daemon.html b/git-daemon.html index 49e4c55..8377066 100644 --- a/git-daemon.html +++ b/git-daemon.html
@@ -737,7 +737,7 @@ <h2>NAME</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <p>git-daemon - - A really simple server for git repositories + A really simple server for Git repositories </p> </div> </div> @@ -764,11 +764,11 @@ <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> -<div class="paragraph"><p>A really simple TCP git daemon that normally listens on port "DEFAULT_GIT_PORT" +<div class="paragraph"><p>A really simple TCP Git daemon that normally listens on port "DEFAULT_GIT_PORT" aka 9418. It waits for a connection asking for a service, and will serve that service if it is enabled.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>It verifies that the directory has the magic file "git-daemon-export-ok", and -it will refuse to export any git directory that hasn’t explicitly been marked +it will refuse to export any Git directory that hasn’t explicitly been marked for export this way (unless the <em>--export-all</em> parameter is specified). If you pass some directory paths as <em>git daemon</em> arguments, you can further restrict the offers to a whitelist comprising of those.</p></div> @@ -776,7 +776,7 @@ <em>git fetch-pack</em> and <em>git ls-remote</em> clients, which are invoked from <em>git fetch</em>, <em>git pull</em>, and <em>git clone</em>.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>This is ideally suited for read-only updates, i.e., pulling from -git repositories.</p></div> +Git repositories.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>An <code>upload-archive</code> also exists to serve <em>git archive</em>.</p></div> </div> </div> @@ -801,7 +801,7 @@ <dd> <p> Remap all the path requests as relative to the given path. - This is sort of "GIT root" - if you run <em>git daemon</em> with + This is sort of "Git root" - if you run <em>git daemon</em> with <em>--base-path=/srv/git</em> on example.com, then if you later try to pull <em>git://example.com/hello.git</em>, <em>git daemon</em> will interpret the path as <em>/srv/git/hello.git</em>. @@ -838,7 +838,7 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - Allow pulling from all directories that look like GIT repositories + Allow pulling from all directories that look like Git repositories (have the <em>objects</em> and <em>refs</em> subdirectories), even if they do not have the <em>git-daemon-export-ok</em> file. </p> @@ -1225,7 +1225,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2012-09-04 16:16:22 PDT +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/git-daemon.txt b/git-daemon.txt index 7e5098a..77da564 100644 --- a/git-daemon.txt +++ b/git-daemon.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ NAME ---- -git-daemon - A really simple server for git repositories +git-daemon - A really simple server for Git repositories SYNOPSIS -------- @@ -22,12 +22,12 @@ DESCRIPTION ----------- -A really simple TCP git daemon that normally listens on port "DEFAULT_GIT_PORT" +A really simple TCP Git daemon that normally listens on port "DEFAULT_GIT_PORT" aka 9418. It waits for a connection asking for a service, and will serve that service if it is enabled. It verifies that the directory has the magic file "git-daemon-export-ok", and -it will refuse to export any git directory that hasn't explicitly been marked +it will refuse to export any Git directory that hasn't explicitly been marked for export this way (unless the '--export-all' parameter is specified). If you pass some directory paths as 'git daemon' arguments, you can further restrict the offers to a whitelist comprising of those. @@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ from 'git fetch', 'git pull', and 'git clone'. This is ideally suited for read-only updates, i.e., pulling from -git repositories. +Git repositories. An `upload-archive` also exists to serve 'git archive'. @@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ --base-path=<path>:: Remap all the path requests as relative to the given path. - This is sort of "GIT root" - if you run 'git daemon' with + This is sort of "Git root" - if you run 'git daemon' with '--base-path=/srv/git' on example.com, then if you later try to pull 'git://example.com/hello.git', 'git daemon' will interpret the path as '/srv/git/hello.git'. @@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ whitelist. --export-all:: - Allow pulling from all directories that look like GIT repositories + Allow pulling from all directories that look like Git repositories (have the 'objects' and 'refs' subdirectories), even if they do not have the 'git-daemon-export-ok' file.
diff --git a/git-describe.html b/git-describe.html index 460de9a..4555193 100644 --- a/git-describe.html +++ b/git-describe.html
@@ -941,7 +941,7 @@ </div></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>Note that the suffix you get if you type these commands today may be longer than what Linus saw above when he ran these commands, as your -git repository may have new commits whose object names begin with +Git repository may have new commits whose object names begin with 975b that did not exist back then, and "-g975b" suffix alone may not be sufficient to disambiguate these commits.</p></div> </div> @@ -975,7 +975,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2012-08-22 12:54:47 PDT +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/git-describe.txt b/git-describe.txt index 72d6bb6..32da244 100644 --- a/git-describe.txt +++ b/git-describe.txt
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ Note that the suffix you get if you type these commands today may be longer than what Linus saw above when he ran these commands, as your -git repository may have new commits whose object names begin with +Git repository may have new commits whose object names begin with 975b that did not exist back then, and "-g975b" suffix alone may not be sufficient to disambiguate these commits.
diff --git a/git-diff-files.html b/git-diff-files.html index b82e534..4cfe934 100644 --- a/git-diff-files.html +++ b/git-diff-files.html
@@ -1198,7 +1198,7 @@ single deletion of everything old followed by a single insertion of everything new, and the number <code>m</code> controls this aspect of the -B option (defaults to 60%). <code>-B/70%</code> specifies that less than 30% of the -original should remain in the result for git to consider it a total +original should remain in the result for Git to consider it a total rewrite (i.e. otherwise the resulting patch will be a series of deletion and insertion mixed together with context lines).</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>When used with -M, a totally-rewritten file is also considered as the @@ -1220,7 +1220,7 @@ Detect renames. If <code>n</code> is specified, it is a threshold on the similarity index (i.e. amount of addition/deletions compared to the - file’s size). For example, <code>-M90%</code> means git should consider a + file’s size). For example, <code>-M90%</code> means Git should consider a delete/add pair to be a rename if more than 90% of the file hasn’t changed. Without a <code>%</code> sign, the number is to be read as a fraction, with a decimal point before it. I.e., <code>-M5</code> becomes
diff --git a/git-diff-index.html b/git-diff-index.html index c27ff0a..c46d6e9 100644 --- a/git-diff-index.html +++ b/git-diff-index.html
@@ -1199,7 +1199,7 @@ single deletion of everything old followed by a single insertion of everything new, and the number <code>m</code> controls this aspect of the -B option (defaults to 60%). <code>-B/70%</code> specifies that less than 30% of the -original should remain in the result for git to consider it a total +original should remain in the result for Git to consider it a total rewrite (i.e. otherwise the resulting patch will be a series of deletion and insertion mixed together with context lines).</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>When used with -M, a totally-rewritten file is also considered as the @@ -1221,7 +1221,7 @@ Detect renames. If <code>n</code> is specified, it is a threshold on the similarity index (i.e. amount of addition/deletions compared to the - file’s size). For example, <code>-M90%</code> means git should consider a + file’s size). For example, <code>-M90%</code> means Git should consider a delete/add pair to be a rename if more than 90% of the file hasn’t changed. Without a <code>%</code> sign, the number is to be read as a fraction, with a decimal point before it. I.e., <code>-M5</code> becomes
diff --git a/git-diff-tree.html b/git-diff-tree.html index f6461d2..a355181 100644 --- a/git-diff-tree.html +++ b/git-diff-tree.html
@@ -1200,7 +1200,7 @@ single deletion of everything old followed by a single insertion of everything new, and the number <code>m</code> controls this aspect of the -B option (defaults to 60%). <code>-B/70%</code> specifies that less than 30% of the -original should remain in the result for git to consider it a total +original should remain in the result for Git to consider it a total rewrite (i.e. otherwise the resulting patch will be a series of deletion and insertion mixed together with context lines).</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>When used with -M, a totally-rewritten file is also considered as the @@ -1222,7 +1222,7 @@ Detect renames. If <code>n</code> is specified, it is a threshold on the similarity index (i.e. amount of addition/deletions compared to the - file’s size). For example, <code>-M90%</code> means git should consider a + file’s size). For example, <code>-M90%</code> means Git should consider a delete/add pair to be a rename if more than 90% of the file hasn’t changed. Without a <code>%</code> sign, the number is to be read as a fraction, with a decimal point before it. I.e., <code>-M5</code> becomes
diff --git a/git-diff.html b/git-diff.html index 54f1724..3f578e9 100644 --- a/git-diff.html +++ b/git-diff.html
@@ -769,7 +769,7 @@ <p> This form is to view the changes you made relative to the index (staging area for the next commit). In other - words, the differences are what you <em>could</em> tell git to + words, the differences are what you <em>could</em> tell Git to further add to the index but you still haven’t. You can stage these changes by using <a href="git-add.html">git-add(1)</a>. </p> @@ -1297,7 +1297,7 @@ single deletion of everything old followed by a single insertion of everything new, and the number <code>m</code> controls this aspect of the -B option (defaults to 60%). <code>-B/70%</code> specifies that less than 30% of the -original should remain in the result for git to consider it a total +original should remain in the result for Git to consider it a total rewrite (i.e. otherwise the resulting patch will be a series of deletion and insertion mixed together with context lines).</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>When used with -M, a totally-rewritten file is also considered as the @@ -1319,7 +1319,7 @@ Detect renames. If <code>n</code> is specified, it is a threshold on the similarity index (i.e. amount of addition/deletions compared to the - file’s size). For example, <code>-M90%</code> means git should consider a + file’s size). For example, <code>-M90%</code> means Git should consider a delete/add pair to be a rename if more than 90% of the file hasn’t changed. Without a <code>%</code> sign, the number is to be read as a fraction, with a decimal point before it. I.e., <code>-M5</code> becomes @@ -2386,7 +2386,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2012-12-21 15:43:33 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/git-diff.txt b/git-diff.txt index f8c0601..a7b4620 100644 --- a/git-diff.txt +++ b/git-diff.txt
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ This form is to view the changes you made relative to the index (staging area for the next commit). In other - words, the differences are what you _could_ tell git to + words, the differences are what you _could_ tell Git to further add to the index but you still haven't. You can stage these changes by using linkgit:git-add[1]. +
diff --git a/git-difftool.html b/git-difftool.html index 2bd4097..5c3813d 100644 --- a/git-difftool.html +++ b/git-difftool.html
@@ -754,7 +754,7 @@ <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> -<div class="paragraph"><p><em>git difftool</em> is a git command that allows you to compare and edit files +<div class="paragraph"><p><em>git difftool</em> is a Git command that allows you to compare and edit files between revisions using common diff tools. <em>git difftool</em> is a frontend to <em>git diff</em> and accepts the same options and arguments. See <a href="git-diff.html">git-diff(1)</a>.</p></div> @@ -981,7 +981,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2012-08-27 14:06:30 PDT +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/git-difftool.txt b/git-difftool.txt index 73ca702..e0e12e9 100644 --- a/git-difftool.txt +++ b/git-difftool.txt
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ DESCRIPTION ----------- -'git difftool' is a git command that allows you to compare and edit files +'git difftool' is a Git command that allows you to compare and edit files between revisions using common diff tools. 'git difftool' is a frontend to 'git diff' and accepts the same options and arguments. See linkgit:git-diff[1].
diff --git a/git-fetch.html b/git-fetch.html index 5481697..f33a8ba 100644 --- a/git-fetch.html +++ b/git-fetch.html
@@ -1192,7 +1192,7 @@ </p> </li> </ul></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>For local repositories, also supported by git natively, the following +<div class="paragraph"><p>For local repositories, also supported by Git natively, the following syntaxes may be used:</p></div> <div class="ulist"><ul> <li> @@ -1209,7 +1209,7 @@ <div class="paragraph"><p>These two syntaxes are mostly equivalent, except when cloning, when the former implies --local option. See <a href="git-clone.html">git-clone(1)</a> for details.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>When git doesn’t know how to handle a certain transport protocol, it +<div class="paragraph"><p>When Git doesn’t know how to handle a certain transport protocol, it attempts to use the <em>remote-<transport></em> remote helper, if one exists. To explicitly request a remote helper, the following syntax may be used:</p></div> @@ -1267,7 +1267,7 @@ <div class="ulist"><ul> <li> <p> -a remote in the git configuration file: <code>$GIT_DIR/config</code>, +a remote in the Git configuration file: <code>$GIT_DIR/config</code>, </p> </li> <li> @@ -1391,7 +1391,7 @@ out submodules right now. When e.g. upstream added a new submodule in the just fetched commits of the superproject the submodule itself can not be fetched, making it impossible to check out that submodule later without -having to do a fetch again. This is expected to be fixed in a future git +having to do a fetch again. This is expected to be fixed in a future Git version.</p></div> </div> </div> @@ -1411,7 +1411,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2011-11-15 13:45:02 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/git-fetch.txt b/git-fetch.txt index b41d7c1..e08a028 100644 --- a/git-fetch.txt +++ b/git-fetch.txt
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ out submodules right now. When e.g. upstream added a new submodule in the just fetched commits of the superproject the submodule itself can not be fetched, making it impossible to check out that submodule later without -having to do a fetch again. This is expected to be fixed in a future git +having to do a fetch again. This is expected to be fixed in a future Git version. SEE ALSO
diff --git a/git-filter-branch.html b/git-filter-branch.html index d46db66..f80288f 100644 --- a/git-filter-branch.html +++ b/git-filter-branch.html
@@ -760,7 +760,7 @@ <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> -<div class="paragraph"><p>Lets you rewrite git revision history by rewriting the branches mentioned +<div class="paragraph"><p>Lets you rewrite Git revision history by rewriting the branches mentioned in the <rev-list options>, applying custom filters on each revision. Those filters can modify each tree (e.g. removing a file or running a perl rewrite on all files) or information about each commit. @@ -770,7 +770,7 @@ command line (e.g. if you pass <em>a..b</em>, only <em>b</em> will be rewritten). If you specify no filters, the commits will be recommitted without any changes, which would normally have no effect. Nevertheless, this may be -useful in the future for compensating for some git bugs or such, +useful in the future for compensating for some Git bugs or such, therefore such a usage is permitted.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p><strong>NOTE</strong>: This command honors <code>.git/info/grafts</code> file and refs in the <code>refs/replace/</code> namespace. @@ -1150,7 +1150,7 @@ usually with some combination of <code>--index-filter</code> and <code>--subdirectory-filter</code>. People expect the resulting repository to be smaller than the original, but you need a few more steps to -actually make it smaller, because git tries hard not to lose your +actually make it smaller, because Git tries hard not to lose your objects until you tell it to. First make sure that:</p></div> <div class="ulist"><ul> <li> @@ -1215,7 +1215,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2012-09-18 15:30:10 PDT +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/git-filter-branch.txt b/git-filter-branch.txt index e2301f5..dfd12c9 100644 --- a/git-filter-branch.txt +++ b/git-filter-branch.txt
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ DESCRIPTION ----------- -Lets you rewrite git revision history by rewriting the branches mentioned +Lets you rewrite Git revision history by rewriting the branches mentioned in the <rev-list options>, applying custom filters on each revision. Those filters can modify each tree (e.g. removing a file or running a perl rewrite on all files) or information about each commit. @@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ command line (e.g. if you pass 'a..b', only 'b' will be rewritten). If you specify no filters, the commits will be recommitted without any changes, which would normally have no effect. Nevertheless, this may be -useful in the future for compensating for some git bugs or such, +useful in the future for compensating for some Git bugs or such, therefore such a usage is permitted. *NOTE*: This command honors `.git/info/grafts` file and refs in @@ -374,7 +374,7 @@ usually with some combination of `--index-filter` and `--subdirectory-filter`. People expect the resulting repository to be smaller than the original, but you need a few more steps to -actually make it smaller, because git tries hard not to lose your +actually make it smaller, because Git tries hard not to lose your objects until you tell it to. First make sure that: * You really removed all variants of a filename, if a blob was moved
diff --git a/git-format-patch.html b/git-format-patch.html index 439c705..e6a3a2d 100644 --- a/git-format-patch.html +++ b/git-format-patch.html
@@ -1056,7 +1056,7 @@ single deletion of everything old followed by a single insertion of everything new, and the number <code>m</code> controls this aspect of the -B option (defaults to 60%). <code>-B/70%</code> specifies that less than 30% of the -original should remain in the result for git to consider it a total +original should remain in the result for Git to consider it a total rewrite (i.e. otherwise the resulting patch will be a series of deletion and insertion mixed together with context lines).</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>When used with -M, a totally-rewritten file is also considered as the @@ -1078,7 +1078,7 @@ Detect renames. If <code>n</code> is specified, it is a threshold on the similarity index (i.e. amount of addition/deletions compared to the - file’s size). For example, <code>-M90%</code> means git should consider a + file’s size). For example, <code>-M90%</code> means Git should consider a delete/add pair to be a rename if more than 90% of the file hasn’t changed. Without a <code>%</code> sign, the number is to be read as a fraction, with a decimal point before it. I.e., <code>-M5</code> becomes @@ -1552,7 +1552,7 @@ the commit that does not belong to the commit log message proper, and include it with the patch submission. While one can simply write these explanations after <code>format-patch</code> has run but before sending, -keeping them as git notes allows them to be maintained between versions +keeping them as Git notes allows them to be maintained between versions of the patch series (but see the discussion of the <code>notes.rewrite</code> configuration options in <a href="git-notes.html">git-notes(1)</a> to use this workflow).</p></div> </dd> @@ -1563,7 +1563,7 @@ <p> Add a signature to each message produced. Per RFC 3676 the signature is separated from the body by a line with '-- ' on it. If the - signature option is omitted the signature defaults to the git version + signature option is omitted the signature defaults to the Git version number. </p> </dd> @@ -1787,7 +1787,7 @@ <h3 id="_thunderbird">Thunderbird</h3> <div class="paragraph"><p>By default, Thunderbird will both wrap emails as well as flag them as being <em>format=flowed</em>, both of which will make the -resulting email unusable by git.</p></div> +resulting email unusable by Git.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>There are three different approaches: use an add-on to turn off line wraps, configure Thunderbird to not mangle patches, or use an external editor to keep Thunderbird from mangling the patches.</p></div> @@ -1972,8 +1972,8 @@ <div class="paragraph"><p>Additionally, it detects and handles renames and complete rewrites intelligently to produce a renaming patch. A renaming patch reduces the amount of text output, and generally makes it easier to review. -Note that non-git "patch" programs won’t understand renaming patches, so -use it only when you know the recipient uses git to apply your patch.</p></div> +Note that non-Git "patch" programs won’t understand renaming patches, so +use it only when you know the recipient uses Git to apply your patch.</p></div> </li> <li> <p> @@ -2004,7 +2004,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2013-01-12 00:25:04 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/git-format-patch.txt b/git-format-patch.txt index 9a914d0..3a62f50 100644 --- a/git-format-patch.txt +++ b/git-format-patch.txt
@@ -208,14 +208,14 @@ the commit that does not belong to the commit log message proper, and include it with the patch submission. While one can simply write these explanations after `format-patch` has run but before sending, -keeping them as git notes allows them to be maintained between versions +keeping them as Git notes allows them to be maintained between versions of the patch series (but see the discussion of the `notes.rewrite` configuration options in linkgit:git-notes[1] to use this workflow). --[no]-signature=<signature>:: Add a signature to each message produced. Per RFC 3676 the signature is separated from the body by a line with '-- ' on it. If the - signature option is omitted the signature defaults to the git version + signature option is omitted the signature defaults to the Git version number. --suffix=.<sfx>:: @@ -389,7 +389,7 @@ ~~~~~~~~~~~ By default, Thunderbird will both wrap emails as well as flag them as being 'format=flowed', both of which will make the -resulting email unusable by git. +resulting email unusable by Git. There are three different approaches: use an add-on to turn off line wraps, configure Thunderbird to not mangle patches, or use @@ -525,8 +525,8 @@ Additionally, it detects and handles renames and complete rewrites intelligently to produce a renaming patch. A renaming patch reduces the amount of text output, and generally makes it easier to review. -Note that non-git "patch" programs won't understand renaming patches, so -use it only when you know the recipient uses git to apply your patch. +Note that non-Git "patch" programs won't understand renaming patches, so +use it only when you know the recipient uses Git to apply your patch. * Extract three topmost commits from the current branch and format them as e-mailable patches:
diff --git a/git-fsck.html b/git-fsck.html index e8e86e3..b94ef0c 100644 --- a/git-fsck.html +++ b/git-fsck.html
@@ -840,7 +840,7 @@ ($GIT_DIR/objects), but also the ones found in alternate object pools listed in GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES or $GIT_DIR/objects/info/alternates, - and in packed git archives found in $GIT_DIR/objects/pack + and in packed Git archives found in $GIT_DIR/objects/pack and corresponding pack subdirectories in alternate object pools. This is now default; you can turn it off with --no-full. @@ -853,8 +853,8 @@ <p> Enable more strict checking, namely to catch a file mode recorded with g+w bit set, which was created by older - versions of git. Existing repositories, including the - Linux kernel, git itself, and sparse repository have old + versions of Git. Existing repositories, including the + Linux kernel, Git itself, and sparse repository have old objects that triggers this check, but it is recommended to check new projects with this flag. </p> @@ -1017,7 +1017,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2012-08-22 12:54:47 PDT +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/git-fsck.txt b/git-fsck.txt index da348fc..eff9188 100644 --- a/git-fsck.txt +++ b/git-fsck.txt
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ ($GIT_DIR/objects), but also the ones found in alternate object pools listed in GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES or $GIT_DIR/objects/info/alternates, - and in packed git archives found in $GIT_DIR/objects/pack + and in packed Git archives found in $GIT_DIR/objects/pack and corresponding pack subdirectories in alternate object pools. This is now default; you can turn it off with --no-full. @@ -64,8 +64,8 @@ --strict:: Enable more strict checking, namely to catch a file mode recorded with g+w bit set, which was created by older - versions of git. Existing repositories, including the - Linux kernel, git itself, and sparse repository have old + versions of Git. Existing repositories, including the + Linux kernel, Git itself, and sparse repository have old objects that triggers this check, but it is recommended to check new projects with this flag.
diff --git a/git-grep.html b/git-grep.html index 1cc5cc6..5abd0cc 100644 --- a/git-grep.html +++ b/git-grep.html
@@ -831,7 +831,7 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - Search files in the current directory that is not managed by git. + Search files in the current directory that is not managed by Git. </p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"> @@ -1308,7 +1308,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2012-08-27 14:06:30 PDT +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/git-grep.txt b/git-grep.txt index cfecf84..50d46e1 100644 --- a/git-grep.txt +++ b/git-grep.txt
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ blobs registered in the index file. --no-index:: - Search files in the current directory that is not managed by git. + Search files in the current directory that is not managed by Git. --untracked:: In addition to searching in the tracked files in the working
diff --git a/git-gui.html b/git-gui.html index 42e9614..08086cb 100644 --- a/git-gui.html +++ b/git-gui.html
@@ -910,7 +910,7 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - The git repository browser. Shows branches, commit history + The Git repository browser. Shows branches, commit history and file differences. gitk is the utility started by <em>git gui</em>'s Repository Visualize actions. </p> @@ -947,7 +947,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2011-11-15 13:45:02 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/git-gui.txt b/git-gui.txt index 0041994..8144527 100644 --- a/git-gui.txt +++ b/git-gui.txt
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ SEE ALSO -------- linkgit:gitk[1]:: - The git repository browser. Shows branches, commit history + The Git repository browser. Shows branches, commit history and file differences. gitk is the utility started by 'git gui''s Repository Visualize actions.
diff --git a/git-hash-object.html b/git-hash-object.html index b396d5a..27c6896 100644 --- a/git-hash-object.html +++ b/git-hash-object.html
@@ -807,7 +807,7 @@ <p> Hash object as it were located at the given path. The location of file does not directly influence on the hash value, but path is - used to determine what git filters should be applied to the object + used to determine what Git filters should be applied to the object before it can be placed to the object database, and, as result of applying filters, the actual blob put into the object database may differ from the given file. This option is mainly useful for hashing @@ -839,7 +839,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2011-11-15 13:45:02 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/git-hash-object.txt b/git-hash-object.txt index 4b0a502..02c1f12 100644 --- a/git-hash-object.txt +++ b/git-hash-object.txt
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ --path:: Hash object as it were located at the given path. The location of file does not directly influence on the hash value, but path is - used to determine what git filters should be applied to the object + used to determine what Git filters should be applied to the object before it can be placed to the object database, and, as result of applying filters, the actual blob put into the object database may differ from the given file. This option is mainly useful for hashing
diff --git a/git-help.html b/git-help.html index 40e31f2..adda843 100644 --- a/git-help.html +++ b/git-help.html
@@ -737,7 +737,7 @@ <h2>NAME</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <p>git-help - - display help information about git + Display help information about Git </p> </div> </div> @@ -755,11 +755,11 @@ <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"><p>With no options and no COMMAND given, the synopsis of the <em>git</em> -command and a list of the most commonly used git commands are printed +command and a list of the most commonly used Git commands are printed on the standard output.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>If the option <em>--all</em> or <em>-a</em> is given, then all available commands are printed on the standard output.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>If a git command is named, a manual page for that command is brought +<div class="paragraph"><p>If a Git subcommand is named, a manual page for that subcommand is brought up. The <em>man</em> program is used by default for this purpose, but this can be overridden by other options or configuration variables.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>Note that <code>git --help ...</code> is identical to <code>git help ...</code> because the @@ -965,7 +965,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2011-11-15 13:45:02 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/git-help.txt b/git-help.txt index 9e0b3f6..e07b6dc 100644 --- a/git-help.txt +++ b/git-help.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ NAME ---- -git-help - display help information about git +git-help - Display help information about Git SYNOPSIS -------- @@ -14,13 +14,13 @@ ----------- With no options and no COMMAND given, the synopsis of the 'git' -command and a list of the most commonly used git commands are printed +command and a list of the most commonly used Git commands are printed on the standard output. If the option '--all' or '-a' is given, then all available commands are printed on the standard output. -If a git command is named, a manual page for that command is brought +If a Git subcommand is named, a manual page for that subcommand is brought up. The 'man' program is used by default for this purpose, but this can be overridden by other options or configuration variables.
diff --git a/git-http-backend.html b/git-http-backend.html index 2c250ba..73063fd 100644 --- a/git-http-backend.html +++ b/git-http-backend.html
@@ -760,7 +760,7 @@ and the backwards-compatible dumb HTTP protocol, as well as clients pushing using the smart HTTP protocol.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>It verifies that the directory has the magic file -"git-daemon-export-ok", and it will refuse to export any git directory +"git-daemon-export-ok", and it will refuse to export any Git directory that hasn’t explicitly been marked for export this way (unless the GIT_HTTP_EXPORT_ALL environmental variable is set).</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>By default, only the <code>upload-pack</code> service is enabled, which serves @@ -999,7 +999,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2011-11-15 13:45:02 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/git-http-backend.txt b/git-http-backend.txt index f4e0741..7b1e85c 100644 --- a/git-http-backend.txt +++ b/git-http-backend.txt
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ pushing using the smart HTTP protocol. It verifies that the directory has the magic file -"git-daemon-export-ok", and it will refuse to export any git directory +"git-daemon-export-ok", and it will refuse to export any Git directory that hasn't explicitly been marked for export this way (unless the GIT_HTTP_EXPORT_ALL environmental variable is set).
diff --git a/git-http-fetch.html b/git-http-fetch.html index cebbaae..996e44d 100644 --- a/git-http-fetch.html +++ b/git-http-fetch.html
@@ -737,7 +737,7 @@ <h2>NAME</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <p>git-http-fetch - - Download from a remote git repository via HTTP + Download from a remote Git repository via HTTP </p> </div> </div> @@ -754,7 +754,7 @@ <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> -<div class="paragraph"><p>Downloads a remote git repository via HTTP.</p></div> +<div class="paragraph"><p>Downloads a remote Git repository via HTTP.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p><strong>NOTE</strong>: use of this command without -a is deprecated. The -a behaviour will become the default in a future release.</p></div> </div> @@ -848,7 +848,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2011-11-15 13:45:02 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/git-http-fetch.txt b/git-http-fetch.txt index 070cd1e..21a33d2 100644 --- a/git-http-fetch.txt +++ b/git-http-fetch.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ NAME ---- -git-http-fetch - Download from a remote git repository via HTTP +git-http-fetch - Download from a remote Git repository via HTTP SYNOPSIS @@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ DESCRIPTION ----------- -Downloads a remote git repository via HTTP. +Downloads a remote Git repository via HTTP. *NOTE*: use of this command without -a is deprecated. The -a behaviour will become the default in a future release.
diff --git a/git-index-pack.html b/git-index-pack.html index 29b7ed5..eebd3b2 100644 --- a/git-index-pack.html +++ b/git-index-pack.html
@@ -759,7 +759,7 @@ <div class="paragraph"><p>Reads a packed archive (.pack) from the specified file, and builds a pack index file (.idx) for it. The packed archive together with the pack index can then be placed in the -objects/pack/ directory of a git repository.</p></div> +objects/pack/ directory of a Git repository.</p></div> </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> @@ -795,7 +795,7 @@ When this flag is provided, the pack is read from stdin instead and a copy is then written to <pack-file>. If <pack-file> is not specified, the pack is written to - objects/pack/ directory of the current git repository with + objects/pack/ directory of the current Git repository with a default name determined from the pack content. If <pack-file> is not specified consider using --keep to prevent a race condition between this process and @@ -867,7 +867,7 @@ This is meant to reduce packing time on multiprocessor machines. The required amount of memory for the delta search window is however multiplied by the number of threads. - Specifying 0 will cause git to auto-detect the number of CPU’s + Specifying 0 will cause Git to auto-detect the number of CPU’s and use maximum 3 threads. </p> </dd> @@ -895,7 +895,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2012-05-17 15:54:44 PDT +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/git-index-pack.txt b/git-index-pack.txt index 39e6d0d..36adc5f 100644 --- a/git-index-pack.txt +++ b/git-index-pack.txt
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ Reads a packed archive (.pack) from the specified file, and builds a pack index file (.idx) for it. The packed archive together with the pack index can then be placed in the -objects/pack/ directory of a git repository. +objects/pack/ directory of a Git repository. OPTIONS @@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ When this flag is provided, the pack is read from stdin instead and a copy is then written to <pack-file>. If <pack-file> is not specified, the pack is written to - objects/pack/ directory of the current git repository with + objects/pack/ directory of the current Git repository with a default name determined from the pack content. If <pack-file> is not specified consider using --keep to prevent a race condition between this process and @@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ This is meant to reduce packing time on multiprocessor machines. The required amount of memory for the delta search window is however multiplied by the number of threads. - Specifying 0 will cause git to auto-detect the number of CPU's + Specifying 0 will cause Git to auto-detect the number of CPU's and use maximum 3 threads.
diff --git a/git-init-db.html b/git-init-db.html index 2dcc282..1f3f84c 100644 --- a/git-init-db.html +++ b/git-init-db.html
@@ -737,7 +737,7 @@ <h2>NAME</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <p>git-init-db - - Creates an empty git repository + Creates an empty Git repository </p> </div> </div> @@ -768,7 +768,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2011-11-15 13:45:02 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/git-init-db.txt b/git-init-db.txt index a21e346..648a6cd 100644 --- a/git-init-db.txt +++ b/git-init-db.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ NAME ---- -git-init-db - Creates an empty git repository +git-init-db - Creates an empty Git repository SYNOPSIS
diff --git a/git-init.html b/git-init.html index c6fb101..cb29972 100644 --- a/git-init.html +++ b/git-init.html
@@ -737,7 +737,7 @@ <h2>NAME</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <p>git-init - - Create an empty git repository or reinitialize an existing one + Create an empty Git repository or reinitialize an existing one </p> </div> </div> @@ -756,7 +756,7 @@ <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> -<div class="paragraph"><p>This command creates an empty git repository - basically a <code>.git</code> +<div class="paragraph"><p>This command creates an empty Git repository - basically a <code>.git</code> directory with subdirectories for <code>objects</code>, <code>refs/heads</code>, <code>refs/tags</code>, and template files. An initial <code>HEAD</code> file that references the HEAD of the master branch is also created.</p></div> @@ -813,9 +813,9 @@ <dd> <p> Instead of initializing the repository where it is supposed to be, -place a filesytem-agnostic git symbolic link there, pointing to the -specified git path, and initialize a git repository at the path. The -result is git repository can be separated from working tree. If this +place a filesytem-agnostic Git symbolic link there, pointing to the +specified path, and initialize a Git repository at the path. The +result is Git repository can be separated from working tree. If this is reinitialization, the repository will be moved to the specified path. </p> @@ -825,11 +825,11 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> -Specify that the git repository is to be shared amongst several users. This +Specify that the Git repository is to be shared amongst several users. This allows users belonging to the same group to push into that repository. When specified, the config variable "core.sharedRepository" is set so that files and directories under <code>$GIT_DIR</code> are created with the -requested permissions. When not specified, git will use permissions reported +requested permissions. When not specified, Git will use permissions reported by umask(2). </p> </dd> @@ -917,7 +917,7 @@ <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="dlist"><dl> <dt class="hdlist1"> -Start a new git repository for an existing code base +Start a new Git repository for an existing code base </dt> <dd> <div class="listingblock"> @@ -952,7 +952,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2011-11-15 13:45:02 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/git-init.txt b/git-init.txt index 9ac2bba..afd721e 100644 --- a/git-init.txt +++ b/git-init.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ NAME ---- -git-init - Create an empty git repository or reinitialize an existing one +git-init - Create an empty Git repository or reinitialize an existing one SYNOPSIS @@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ DESCRIPTION ----------- -This command creates an empty git repository - basically a `.git` +This command creates an empty Git repository - basically a `.git` directory with subdirectories for `objects`, `refs/heads`, `refs/tags`, and template files. An initial `HEAD` file that references the HEAD of the master branch is also created. @@ -58,19 +58,19 @@ --separate-git-dir=<git dir>:: Instead of initializing the repository where it is supposed to be, -place a filesytem-agnostic git symbolic link there, pointing to the -specified git path, and initialize a git repository at the path. The -result is git repository can be separated from working tree. If this +place a filesytem-agnostic Git symbolic link there, pointing to the +specified path, and initialize a Git repository at the path. The +result is Git repository can be separated from working tree. If this is reinitialization, the repository will be moved to the specified path. --shared[=(false|true|umask|group|all|world|everybody|0xxx)]:: -Specify that the git repository is to be shared amongst several users. This +Specify that the Git repository is to be shared amongst several users. This allows users belonging to the same group to push into that repository. When specified, the config variable "core.sharedRepository" is set so that files and directories under `$GIT_DIR` are created with the -requested permissions. When not specified, git will use permissions reported +requested permissions. When not specified, Git will use permissions reported by umask(2). The option can have the following values, defaulting to 'group' if no value @@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ EXAMPLES -------- -Start a new git repository for an existing code base:: +Start a new Git repository for an existing code base:: + ---------------- $ cd /path/to/my/codebase
diff --git a/git-log.html b/git-log.html index 37beb06..c87241f 100644 --- a/git-log.html +++ b/git-log.html
@@ -840,7 +840,7 @@ <dd> <p> Before the log message print out its size in bytes. Intended - mainly for porcelain tools consumption. If git is unable to + mainly for porcelain tools consumption. If Git is unable to produce a valid value size is set to zero. Note that only message is considered, if also a diff is shown its size is not included. @@ -1686,7 +1686,7 @@ </div> <div class="sect2"> <h3 id="_object_traversal">Object Traversal</h3> -<div class="paragraph"><p>These options are mostly targeted for packing of git repositories.</p></div> +<div class="paragraph"><p>These options are mostly targeted for packing of Git repositories.</p></div> <div class="dlist"><dl> <dt class="hdlist1"> --objects @@ -1886,7 +1886,7 @@ <div class="paragraph"><p><code>--date=rfc</code> (or <code>--date=rfc2822</code>) shows timestamps in RFC 2822 format, often found in E-mail messages.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p><code>--date=short</code> shows only date but not time, in <code>YYYY-MM-DD</code> format.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p><code>--date=raw</code> shows the date in the internal raw git format <code>%s %z</code> format.</p></div> +<div class="paragraph"><p><code>--date=raw</code> shows the date in the internal raw Git format <code>%s %z</code> format.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p><code>--date=default</code> shows timestamps in the original timezone (either committer’s or author’s).</p></div> </dd> @@ -2931,7 +2931,7 @@ single deletion of everything old followed by a single insertion of everything new, and the number <code>m</code> controls this aspect of the -B option (defaults to 60%). <code>-B/70%</code> specifies that less than 30% of the -original should remain in the result for git to consider it a total +original should remain in the result for Git to consider it a total rewrite (i.e. otherwise the resulting patch will be a series of deletion and insertion mixed together with context lines).</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>When used with -M, a totally-rewritten file is also considered as the @@ -2955,7 +2955,7 @@ <code>--follow</code>. If <code>n</code> is specified, it is a threshold on the similarity index (i.e. amount of addition/deletions compared to the - file’s size). For example, <code>-M90%</code> means git should consider a + file’s size). For example, <code>-M90%</code> means Git should consider a delete/add pair to be a rename if more than 90% of the file hasn’t changed. Without a <code>%</code> sign, the number is to be read as a fraction, with a decimal point before it. I.e., <code>-M5</code> becomes @@ -3566,14 +3566,14 @@ <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_discussion">Discussion</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> -<div class="paragraph"><p>At the core level, git is character encoding agnostic.</p></div> +<div class="paragraph"><p>At the core level, Git is character encoding agnostic.</p></div> <div class="ulist"><ul> <li> <p> The pathnames recorded in the index and in the tree objects are treated as uninterpreted sequences of non-NUL bytes. What readdir(2) returns are what are recorded and compared - with the data git keeps track of, which in turn are expected + with the data Git keeps track of, which in turn are expected to be what lstat(2) and creat(2) accepts. There is no such thing as pathname encoding translation. </p> @@ -3593,9 +3593,9 @@ </li> </ul></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>Although we encourage that the commit log messages are encoded -in UTF-8, both the core and git Porcelain are designed not to +in UTF-8, both the core and Git Porcelain are designed not to force UTF-8 on projects. If all participants of a particular -project find it more convenient to use legacy encodings, git +project find it more convenient to use legacy encodings, Git does not forbid it. However, there are a few things to keep in mind.</p></div> <div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic"> @@ -3724,7 +3724,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2013-01-20 18:01:21 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/git-log.txt b/git-log.txt index 22c0d6e..69db578 100644 --- a/git-log.txt +++ b/git-log.txt
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ --log-size:: Before the log message print out its size in bytes. Intended - mainly for porcelain tools consumption. If git is unable to + mainly for porcelain tools consumption. If Git is unable to produce a valid value size is set to zero. Note that only message is considered, if also a diff is shown its size is not included.
diff --git a/git-ls-files.html b/git-ls-files.html index 6282bfc..129f400 100644 --- a/git-ls-files.html +++ b/git-ls-files.html
@@ -929,7 +929,7 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - Add the standard git exclusions: .git/info/exclude, .gitignore + Add the standard Git exclusions: .git/info/exclude, .gitignore in each directory, and the user’s global exclusion file. </p> </dd> @@ -1164,7 +1164,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2011-11-15 13:45:02 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/git-ls-files.txt b/git-ls-files.txt index 4b28292..0bdebff 100644 --- a/git-ls-files.txt +++ b/git-ls-files.txt
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ directory and its subdirectories in <file>. --exclude-standard:: - Add the standard git exclusions: .git/info/exclude, .gitignore + Add the standard Git exclusions: .git/info/exclude, .gitignore in each directory, and the user's global exclusion file. --error-unmatch::
diff --git a/git-merge-index.html b/git-merge-index.html index 5771a6f..f7ac301 100644 --- a/git-merge-index.html +++ b/git-merge-index.html
@@ -805,11 +805,11 @@ <div class="paragraph"><p>If <em>git merge-index</em> is called with multiple <file>s (or -a) then it processes them in turn only stopping if merge returns a non-zero exit code.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>Typically this is run with a script calling git’s imitation of +<div class="paragraph"><p>Typically this is run with a script calling Git’s imitation of the <em>merge</em> command from the RCS package.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>A sample script called <em>git merge-one-file</em> is included in the distribution.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>ALERT ALERT ALERT! The git "merge object order" is different from the +<div class="paragraph"><p>ALERT ALERT ALERT! The Git "merge object order" is different from the RCS <em>merge</em> program merge object order. In the above ordering, the original is first. But the argument order to the 3-way merge program <em>merge</em> is to have the original in the middle. Don’t ask me why.</p></div> @@ -848,7 +848,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2011-11-15 13:45:02 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/git-merge-index.txt b/git-merge-index.txt index e0df1b3..0c80cec 100644 --- a/git-merge-index.txt +++ b/git-merge-index.txt
@@ -41,13 +41,13 @@ processes them in turn only stopping if merge returns a non-zero exit code. -Typically this is run with a script calling git's imitation of +Typically this is run with a script calling Git's imitation of the 'merge' command from the RCS package. A sample script called 'git merge-one-file' is included in the distribution. -ALERT ALERT ALERT! The git "merge object order" is different from the +ALERT ALERT ALERT! The Git "merge object order" is different from the RCS 'merge' program merge object order. In the above ordering, the original is first. But the argument order to the 3-way merge program 'merge' is to have the original in the middle. Don't ask me why.
diff --git a/git-merge.html b/git-merge.html index d539fe2..b6f70fe 100644 --- a/git-merge.html +++ b/git-merge.html
@@ -1144,9 +1144,9 @@ non-overlapping ones (that is, you changed an area of the file while the other side left that area intact, or vice versa) are incorporated in the final result verbatim. When both sides made changes to the same area, -however, git cannot randomly pick one side over the other, and asks you to +however, Git cannot randomly pick one side over the other, and asks you to resolve it by leaving what both sides did to that area.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>By default, git uses the same style as the one used by the "merge" program +<div class="paragraph"><p>By default, Git uses the same style as the one used by the "merge" program from the RCS suite to present such a conflicted hunk, like this:</p></div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> @@ -1521,10 +1521,10 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - By default, git does not create an extra merge commit when merging + By default, Git does not create an extra merge commit when merging a commit that is a descendant of the current commit. Instead, the tip of the current branch is fast-forwarded. When set to <code>false</code>, - this variable tells git to create an extra merge commit in such + this variable tells Git to create an extra merge commit in such a case (equivalent to giving the <code>--no-ff</code> option from the command line). When set to <code>only</code>, only such fast-forward merges are allowed (equivalent to giving the <code>--ff-only</code> option from the @@ -1557,10 +1557,10 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - Tell git that canonical representation of files in the + Tell Git that canonical representation of files in the repository has changed over time (e.g. earlier commits record text files with CRLF line endings, but recent ones use LF line - endings). In such a repository, git can convert the data + endings). In such a repository, Git can convert the data recorded in commits to a canonical form before performing a merge to reduce unnecessary conflicts. For more information, see section "Merging branches with differing checkin/checkout @@ -1664,7 +1664,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2012-11-13 14:31:09 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/git-merge.txt b/git-merge.txt index d34ea3c..c852a26 100644 --- a/git-merge.txt +++ b/git-merge.txt
@@ -178,10 +178,10 @@ non-overlapping ones (that is, you changed an area of the file while the other side left that area intact, or vice versa) are incorporated in the final result verbatim. When both sides made changes to the same area, -however, git cannot randomly pick one side over the other, and asks you to +however, Git cannot randomly pick one side over the other, and asks you to resolve it by leaving what both sides did to that area. -By default, git uses the same style as the one used by the "merge" program +By default, Git uses the same style as the one used by the "merge" program from the RCS suite to present such a conflicted hunk, like this: ------------
diff --git a/git-mergetool--lib.html b/git-mergetool--lib.html index 65279db..b86cc4b 100644 --- a/git-mergetool--lib.html +++ b/git-mergetool--lib.html
@@ -737,7 +737,7 @@ <h2>NAME</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <p>git-mergetool--lib - - Common git merge tool shell scriptlets + Common Git merge tool shell scriptlets </p> </div> </div> @@ -759,7 +759,7 @@ Porcelain-ish scripts and/or are writing new ones.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>The <em>git-mergetool--lib</em> scriptlet is designed to be sourced (using <code>.</code>) by other shell scripts to set up functions for working -with git merge tools.</p></div> +with Git merge tools.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>Before sourcing <em>git-mergetool--lib</em>, your script must set <code>TOOL_MODE</code> to define the operation mode for the functions listed below. <em>diff</em> and <em>merge</em> are valid values.</p></div> @@ -817,7 +817,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2011-11-15 13:45:02 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/git-mergetool--lib.txt b/git-mergetool--lib.txt index f98a41b..055550b 100644 --- a/git-mergetool--lib.txt +++ b/git-mergetool--lib.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ NAME ---- -git-mergetool--lib - Common git merge tool shell scriptlets +git-mergetool--lib - Common Git merge tool shell scriptlets SYNOPSIS -------- @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ The 'git-mergetool{litdd}lib' scriptlet is designed to be sourced (using `.`) by other shell scripts to set up functions for working -with git merge tools. +with Git merge tools. Before sourcing 'git-mergetool{litdd}lib', your script must set `TOOL_MODE` to define the operation mode for the functions listed below. diff --git a/git-mktag.html b/git-mktag.html index 6cd3e75..32f0496 100644 --- a/git-mktag.html +++ b/git-mktag.html
@@ -771,9 +771,9 @@ tagger <tagger></code></pre> </div></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>followed by some <em>optional</em> free-form message (some tags created -by older git may not have <code>tagger</code> line). The message, when +by older Git may not have <code>tagger</code> line). The message, when exists, is separated by a blank line from the header. The -message part may contain a signature that git itself doesn’t +message part may contain a signature that Git itself doesn’t care about, but that can be verified with gpg.</p></div> </div> </div> @@ -787,7 +787,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2011-11-15 13:45:02 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/git-mktag.txt b/git-mktag.txt index 65e167a..3ca158b 100644 --- a/git-mktag.txt +++ b/git-mktag.txt
@@ -28,9 +28,9 @@ tagger <tagger> followed by some 'optional' free-form message (some tags created -by older git may not have `tagger` line). The message, when +by older Git may not have `tagger` line). The message, when exists, is separated by a blank line from the header. The -message part may contain a signature that git itself doesn't +message part may contain a signature that Git itself doesn't care about, but that can be verified with gpg. GIT
diff --git a/git-mv.html b/git-mv.html index 94fb931..8df33de 100644 --- a/git-mv.html +++ b/git-mv.html
@@ -790,7 +790,7 @@ <p> Skip move or rename actions which would lead to an error condition. An error happens when a source is neither existing nor - controlled by GIT, or when it would overwrite an existing + controlled by Git, or when it would overwrite an existing file unless <em>-f</em> is given. </p> </dd> @@ -829,7 +829,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2011-12-21 14:30:17 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/git-mv.txt b/git-mv.txt index e3c8448..e93fcb4 100644 --- a/git-mv.txt +++ b/git-mv.txt
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ -k:: Skip move or rename actions which would lead to an error condition. An error happens when a source is neither existing nor - controlled by GIT, or when it would overwrite an existing + controlled by Git, or when it would overwrite an existing file unless '-f' is given. -n:: --dry-run::
diff --git a/git-p4.html b/git-p4.html index 49ff58f..326195d 100644 --- a/git-p4.html +++ b/git-p4.html
@@ -758,12 +758,12 @@ <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"><p>This command provides a way to interact with p4 repositories -using git.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>Create a new git repository from an existing p4 repository using +using Git.</p></div> +<div class="paragraph"><p>Create a new Git repository from an existing p4 repository using <em>git p4 clone</em>, giving it one or more p4 depot paths. Incorporate new commits from p4 changes with <em>git p4 sync</em>. The <em>sync</em> command is also used to include new branches from other p4 depot paths. -Submit git changes back to p4 using <em>git p4 submit</em>. The command +Submit Git changes back to p4 using <em>git p4 submit</em>. The command <em>git p4 rebase</em> does a sync plus rebases the current branch onto the updated p4 remote branch.</p></div> </div> @@ -783,7 +783,7 @@ </li> <li> <p> -Do some work in the newly created git repository: +Do some work in the newly created Git repository: </p> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> @@ -794,7 +794,7 @@ </li> <li> <p> -Update the git repository with recent changes from p4, rebasing your +Update the Git repository with recent changes from p4, rebasing your work on top: </p> <div class="listingblock"> @@ -819,7 +819,7 @@ <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="sect2"> <h3 id="_clone">Clone</h3> -<div class="paragraph"><p>Generally, <em>git p4 clone</em> is used to create a new git directory +<div class="paragraph"><p>Generally, <em>git p4 clone</em> is used to create a new Git directory from an existing p4 repository:</p></div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> @@ -829,13 +829,13 @@ <div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic"> <li> <p> -Creates an empty git repository in a subdirectory called <em>project</em>. +Creates an empty Git repository in a subdirectory called <em>project</em>. </p> </li> <li> <p> Imports the full contents of the head revision from the given p4 -depot path into a single commit in the git branch <em>refs/remotes/p4/master</em>. +depot path into a single commit in the Git branch <em>refs/remotes/p4/master</em>. </p> </li> <li> @@ -844,7 +844,7 @@ </p> </li> </ol></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>To reproduce the entire p4 history in git, use the <em>@all</em> modifier on +<div class="paragraph"><p>To reproduce the entire p4 history in Git, use the <em>@all</em> modifier on the depot path:</p></div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> @@ -854,13 +854,13 @@ <div class="sect2"> <h3 id="_sync">Sync</h3> <div class="paragraph"><p>As development continues in the p4 repository, those changes can -be included in the git repository using:</p></div> +be included in the Git repository using:</p></div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>$ git p4 sync</code></pre> </div></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>This command finds new changes in p4 and imports them as git commits.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>P4 repositories can be added to an existing git repository using +<div class="paragraph"><p>This command finds new changes in p4 and imports them as Git commits.</p></div> +<div class="paragraph"><p>P4 repositories can be added to an existing Git repository using <em>git p4 sync</em> too:</p></div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> @@ -870,13 +870,13 @@ $ git p4 sync //path/in/your/perforce/depot</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>This imports the specified depot into -<em>refs/remotes/p4/master</em> in an existing git repository. The +<em>refs/remotes/p4/master</em> in an existing Git repository. The <em>--branch</em> option can be used to specify a different branch to be used for the p4 content.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>If a git repository includes branches <em>refs/remotes/origin/p4</em>, these +<div class="paragraph"><p>If a Git repository includes branches <em>refs/remotes/origin/p4</em>, these will be fetched and consulted first during a <em>git p4 sync</em>. Since importing directly from p4 is considerably slower than pulling changes -from a git remote, this can be useful in a multi-developer environment.</p></div> +from a Git remote, this can be useful in a multi-developer environment.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>If there are multiple branches, doing <em>git p4 sync</em> will automatically use the "BRANCH DETECTION" algorithm to try to partition new changes into the right branch. This can be overridden with the <em>--branch</em> @@ -896,12 +896,12 @@ </div> <div class="sect2"> <h3 id="_submit">Submit</h3> -<div class="paragraph"><p>Submitting changes from a git repository back to the p4 repository +<div class="paragraph"><p>Submitting changes from a Git repository back to the p4 repository requires a separate p4 client workspace. This should be specified -using the <em>P4CLIENT</em> environment variable or the git configuration +using the <em>P4CLIENT</em> environment variable or the Git configuration variable <em>git-p4.client</em>. The p4 client must exist, but the client root will be created and populated if it does not already exist.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>To submit all changes that are in the current git branch but not in +<div class="paragraph"><p>To submit all changes that are in the current Git branch but not in the <em>p4/master</em> branch, use:</p></div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> @@ -916,7 +916,7 @@ be overridden using the <em>--origin=</em> command-line option.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>The p4 changes will be created as the user invoking <em>git p4 submit</em>. The <em>--preserve-user</em> option will cause ownership to be modified -according to the author of the git commit. This option requires admin +according to the author of the Git commit. This option requires admin privileges in p4, which can be granted using <em>p4 protect</em>.</p></div> </div> </div> @@ -964,7 +964,7 @@ branch is <em>master</em>. </p> <div class="paragraph"><p>This example imports a new remote "p4/proj2" into an existing -git repository:</p></div> +Git repository:</p></div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code> $ git init @@ -1004,7 +1004,7 @@ <dd> <p> Query p4 for labels associated with the depot paths, and add - them as tags in git. Limited usefulness as only imports labels + them as tags in Git. Limited usefulness as only imports labels associated with new changelists. Deprecated. </p> </dd> @@ -1013,7 +1013,7 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - Import labels from p4 into git. + Import labels from p4 into Git. </p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"> @@ -1044,12 +1044,12 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - The mapping of file names from the p4 depot path to git, by + The mapping of file names from the p4 depot path to Git, by default, involves removing the entire depot path. With this - option, the full p4 depot path is retained in git. For example, + option, the full p4 depot path is retained in Git. For example, path <em>//depot/main/foo/bar.c</em>, when imported from <em>//depot/main/</em>, becomes <em>foo/bar.c</em>. With <em>--keep-path</em>, the - git path is instead <em>depot/main/foo/bar.c</em>. + Git path is instead <em>depot/main/foo/bar.c</em>. </p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"> @@ -1073,7 +1073,7 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - Where to create the git repository. If not provided, the last + Where to create the Git repository. If not provided, the last component in the p4 depot path is used to create a new directory. </p> @@ -1135,7 +1135,7 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - Export tags from git as p4 labels. Tags found in git are applied + Export tags from Git as p4 labels. Tags found in Git are applied to the perforce working directory. </p> </dd> @@ -1145,7 +1145,7 @@ <dd> <p> Show just what commits would be submitted to p4; do not change - state in git or p4. + state in Git or p4. </p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"> @@ -1238,12 +1238,12 @@ <p> Import all changes from both named depot paths into a single repository. Only files below these directories are included. - There is not a subdirectory in git for each "proj1" and "proj2". + There is not a subdirectory in Git for each "proj1" and "proj2". You must use the <em>--destination</em> option when specifying more than one depot path. The revision specifier must be specified identically on each depot path. If there are files in the depot paths with the same name, the path with the most recently - updated version of the file is the one that appears in git. + updated version of the file is the one that appears in Git. </p> </dd> </dl></div> @@ -1262,11 +1262,11 @@ configuration file. This allows future <em>git p4 submit</em> commands to work properly; the submit command looks only at the variable and does not have a command-line option.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>The full syntax for a p4 view is documented in <em>p4 help views</em>. <em>Git p4</em> +<div class="paragraph"><p>The full syntax for a p4 view is documented in <em>p4 help views</em>. <em>git p4</em> knows only a subset of the view syntax. It understands multi-line mappings, overlays with <em>+</em>, exclusions with <em>-</em> and double-quotes around whitespace. Of the possible wildcards, <em>git p4</em> only handles -<em>…</em>, and only when it is at the end of the path. <em>Git p4</em> will complain +<em>…</em>, and only when it is at the end of the path. <em>git p4</em> will complain if it encounters an unhandled wildcard.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>Bugs in the implementation of overlap mappings exist. If multiple depot paths map through overlays to the same location in the repository, @@ -1281,7 +1281,7 @@ <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_branch_detection">BRANCH DETECTION</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> -<div class="paragraph"><p>P4 does not have the same concept of a branch as git. Instead, +<div class="paragraph"><p>P4 does not have the same concept of a branch as Git. Instead, p4 organizes its content as a directory tree, where by convention different logical branches are in different locations in the tree. The <em>p4 branch</em> command is used to maintain mappings between @@ -1290,7 +1290,7 @@ <div class="paragraph"><p>If you have a repository where all the branches of interest exist as subdirectories of a single depot path, you can use <em>--detect-branches</em> when cloning or syncing to have <em>git p4</em> automatically find -subdirectories in p4, and to generate these as branches in git.</p></div> +subdirectories in p4, and to generate these as branches in Git.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>For example, if the P4 repository structure is:</p></div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> @@ -1311,7 +1311,7 @@ called <em>master</em>, and one for //depot/branch1 called <em>depot/branch1</em>.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>However, it is not necessary to create branches in p4 to be able to use them like branches. Because it is difficult to infer branch -relationships automatically, a git configuration setting +relationships automatically, a Git configuration setting <em>git-p4.branchList</em> can be used to explicitly identify branch relationships. It is a list of "source:destination" pairs, like a simple p4 branch specification, where the "source" and "destination" are @@ -1331,7 +1331,7 @@ <h2 id="_performance">PERFORMANCE</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"><p>The fast-import mechanism used by <em>git p4</em> creates one pack file for -each invocation of <em>git p4 sync</em>. Normally, git garbage compression +each invocation of <em>git p4 sync</em>. Normally, Git garbage compression (<a href="git-gc.html">git-gc(1)</a>) automatically compresses these to fewer pack files, but explicit invocation of <em>git repack -adf</em> may improve performance.</p></div> </div> @@ -1402,9 +1402,9 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - Because importing commits from other git repositories is much faster + Because importing commits from other Git repositories is much faster than importing them from p4, a mechanism exists to find p4 changes - first in git remotes. If branches exist under <em>refs/remote/origin/p4</em>, + first in Git remotes. If branches exist under <em>refs/remote/origin/p4</em>, those will be fetched and used when syncing from p4. This variable can be set to <em>false</em> to disable this behavior. </p> @@ -1509,7 +1509,7 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - On submit, re-author changes to reflect the git author, + On submit, re-author changes to reflect the Git author, regardless of who invokes <em>git p4 submit</em>. </p> </dd> @@ -1581,7 +1581,7 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - Export git tags to p4 labels, as per --export-labels. + Export Git tags to p4 labels, as per --export-labels. </p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"> @@ -1612,7 +1612,7 @@ <div class="ulist"><ul> <li> <p> -Changesets from p4 are imported using git fast-import. +Changesets from p4 are imported using Git fast-import. </p> </li> <li> @@ -1624,7 +1624,7 @@ <li> <p> Submitting requires a p4 client, which is not in the same location - as the git repository. Patches are applied, one at a time, to + as the Git repository. Patches are applied, one at a time, to this p4 client and submitted from there. </p> </li> @@ -1643,7 +1643,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2013-01-22 11:18:46 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/git-p4.txt b/git-p4.txt index f70ef9d..c579fbc 100644 --- a/git-p4.txt +++ b/git-p4.txt
@@ -18,13 +18,13 @@ DESCRIPTION ----------- This command provides a way to interact with p4 repositories -using git. +using Git. -Create a new git repository from an existing p4 repository using +Create a new Git repository from an existing p4 repository using 'git p4 clone', giving it one or more p4 depot paths. Incorporate new commits from p4 changes with 'git p4 sync'. The 'sync' command is also used to include new branches from other p4 depot paths. -Submit git changes back to p4 using 'git p4 submit'. The command +Submit Git changes back to p4 using 'git p4 submit'. The command 'git p4 rebase' does a sync plus rebases the current branch onto the updated p4 remote branch. @@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ $ git p4 clone //depot/path/project ------------ -* Do some work in the newly created git repository: +* Do some work in the newly created Git repository: + ------------ $ cd project @@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ $ git commit -a -m "edited foo.h" ------------ -* Update the git repository with recent changes from p4, rebasing your +* Update the Git repository with recent changes from p4, rebasing your work on top: + ------------ @@ -64,21 +64,21 @@ Clone ~~~~~ -Generally, 'git p4 clone' is used to create a new git directory +Generally, 'git p4 clone' is used to create a new Git directory from an existing p4 repository: ------------ $ git p4 clone //depot/path/project ------------ This: -1. Creates an empty git repository in a subdirectory called 'project'. +1. Creates an empty Git repository in a subdirectory called 'project'. + 2. Imports the full contents of the head revision from the given p4 -depot path into a single commit in the git branch 'refs/remotes/p4/master'. +depot path into a single commit in the Git branch 'refs/remotes/p4/master'. + 3. Creates a local branch, 'master' from this remote and checks it out. -To reproduce the entire p4 history in git, use the '@all' modifier on +To reproduce the entire p4 history in Git, use the '@all' modifier on the depot path: ------------ $ git p4 clone //depot/path/project@all @@ -88,13 +88,13 @@ Sync ~~~~ As development continues in the p4 repository, those changes can -be included in the git repository using: +be included in the Git repository using: ------------ $ git p4 sync ------------ -This command finds new changes in p4 and imports them as git commits. +This command finds new changes in p4 and imports them as Git commits. -P4 repositories can be added to an existing git repository using +P4 repositories can be added to an existing Git repository using 'git p4 sync' too: ------------ $ mkdir repo-git @@ -103,14 +103,14 @@ $ git p4 sync //path/in/your/perforce/depot ------------ This imports the specified depot into -'refs/remotes/p4/master' in an existing git repository. The +'refs/remotes/p4/master' in an existing Git repository. The '--branch' option can be used to specify a different branch to be used for the p4 content. -If a git repository includes branches 'refs/remotes/origin/p4', these +If a Git repository includes branches 'refs/remotes/origin/p4', these will be fetched and consulted first during a 'git p4 sync'. Since importing directly from p4 is considerably slower than pulling changes -from a git remote, this can be useful in a multi-developer environment. +from a Git remote, this can be useful in a multi-developer environment. If there are multiple branches, doing 'git p4 sync' will automatically use the "BRANCH DETECTION" algorithm to try to partition new changes @@ -132,13 +132,13 @@ Submit ~~~~~~ -Submitting changes from a git repository back to the p4 repository +Submitting changes from a Git repository back to the p4 repository requires a separate p4 client workspace. This should be specified -using the 'P4CLIENT' environment variable or the git configuration +using the 'P4CLIENT' environment variable or the Git configuration variable 'git-p4.client'. The p4 client must exist, but the client root will be created and populated if it does not already exist. -To submit all changes that are in the current git branch but not in +To submit all changes that are in the current Git branch but not in the 'p4/master' branch, use: ------------ $ git p4 submit @@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ The p4 changes will be created as the user invoking 'git p4 submit'. The '--preserve-user' option will cause ownership to be modified -according to the author of the git commit. This option requires admin +according to the author of the Git commit. This option requires admin privileges in p4, which can be granted using 'p4 protect'. @@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ branch is 'master'. + This example imports a new remote "p4/proj2" into an existing -git repository: +Git repository: + ---- $ git init @@ -206,11 +206,11 @@ --detect-labels:: Query p4 for labels associated with the depot paths, and add - them as tags in git. Limited usefulness as only imports labels + them as tags in Git. Limited usefulness as only imports labels associated with new changelists. Deprecated. --import-labels:: - Import labels from p4 into git. + Import labels from p4 into Git. --import-local:: By default, p4 branches are stored in 'refs/remotes/p4/', @@ -226,12 +226,12 @@ specifier. --keep-path:: - The mapping of file names from the p4 depot path to git, by + The mapping of file names from the p4 depot path to Git, by default, involves removing the entire depot path. With this - option, the full p4 depot path is retained in git. For example, + option, the full p4 depot path is retained in Git. For example, path '//depot/main/foo/bar.c', when imported from '//depot/main/', becomes 'foo/bar.c'. With '--keep-path', the - git path is instead 'depot/main/foo/bar.c'. + Git path is instead 'depot/main/foo/bar.c'. --use-client-spec:: Use a client spec to find the list of interesting files in p4. @@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ options described above. --destination <directory>:: - Where to create the git repository. If not provided, the last + Where to create the Git repository. If not provided, the last component in the p4 depot path is used to create a new directory. @@ -273,12 +273,12 @@ requires p4 admin privileges. --export-labels:: - Export tags from git as p4 labels. Tags found in git are applied + Export tags from Git as p4 labels. Tags found in Git are applied to the perforce working directory. --dry-run, -n:: Show just what commits would be submitted to p4; do not change - state in git or p4. + state in Git or p4. --prepare-p4-only:: Apply a commit to the p4 workspace, opening, adding and deleting @@ -324,12 +324,12 @@ "//depot/proj1@all //depot/proj2@all":: Import all changes from both named depot paths into a single repository. Only files below these directories are included. - There is not a subdirectory in git for each "proj1" and "proj2". + There is not a subdirectory in Git for each "proj1" and "proj2". You must use the '--destination' option when specifying more than one depot path. The revision specifier must be specified identically on each depot path. If there are files in the depot paths with the same name, the path with the most recently - updated version of the file is the one that appears in git. + updated version of the file is the one that appears in Git. See 'p4 help revisions' for the full syntax of p4 revision specifiers. @@ -346,11 +346,11 @@ work properly; the submit command looks only at the variable and does not have a command-line option. -The full syntax for a p4 view is documented in 'p4 help views'. 'Git p4' +The full syntax for a p4 view is documented in 'p4 help views'. 'git p4' knows only a subset of the view syntax. It understands multi-line mappings, overlays with '+', exclusions with '-' and double-quotes around whitespace. Of the possible wildcards, 'git p4' only handles -'...', and only when it is at the end of the path. 'Git p4' will complain +'...', and only when it is at the end of the path. 'git p4' will complain if it encounters an unhandled wildcard. Bugs in the implementation of overlap mappings exist. If multiple depot @@ -366,7 +366,7 @@ BRANCH DETECTION ---------------- -P4 does not have the same concept of a branch as git. Instead, +P4 does not have the same concept of a branch as Git. Instead, p4 organizes its content as a directory tree, where by convention different logical branches are in different locations in the tree. The 'p4 branch' command is used to maintain mappings between @@ -376,7 +376,7 @@ If you have a repository where all the branches of interest exist as subdirectories of a single depot path, you can use '--detect-branches' when cloning or syncing to have 'git p4' automatically find -subdirectories in p4, and to generate these as branches in git. +subdirectories in p4, and to generate these as branches in Git. For example, if the P4 repository structure is: ---- @@ -398,7 +398,7 @@ However, it is not necessary to create branches in p4 to be able to use them like branches. Because it is difficult to infer branch -relationships automatically, a git configuration setting +relationships automatically, a Git configuration setting 'git-p4.branchList' can be used to explicitly identify branch relationships. It is a list of "source:destination" pairs, like a simple p4 branch specification, where the "source" and "destination" are @@ -416,7 +416,7 @@ PERFORMANCE ----------- The fast-import mechanism used by 'git p4' creates one pack file for -each invocation of 'git p4 sync'. Normally, git garbage compression +each invocation of 'git p4 sync'. Normally, Git garbage compression (linkgit:git-gc[1]) automatically compresses these to fewer pack files, but explicit invocation of 'git repack -adf' may improve performance. @@ -454,9 +454,9 @@ Clone and sync variables ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ git-p4.syncFromOrigin:: - Because importing commits from other git repositories is much faster + Because importing commits from other Git repositories is much faster than importing them from p4, a mechanism exists to find p4 changes - first in git remotes. If branches exist under 'refs/remote/origin/p4', + first in Git remotes. If branches exist under 'refs/remote/origin/p4', those will be fetched and used when syncing from p4. This variable can be set to 'false' to disable this behavior. @@ -508,7 +508,7 @@ Detect copies harder. See linkgit:git-diff[1]. A boolean. git-p4.preserveUser:: - On submit, re-author changes to reflect the git author, + On submit, re-author changes to reflect the Git author, regardless of who invokes 'git p4 submit'. git-p4.allowMissingP4Users:: @@ -545,7 +545,7 @@ present. git-p4.exportLabels:: - Export git tags to p4 labels, as per --export-labels. + Export Git tags to p4 labels, as per --export-labels. git-p4.labelExportRegexp:: Only p4 labels matching this regular expression will be exported. The @@ -557,11 +557,11 @@ IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS ---------------------- -* Changesets from p4 are imported using git fast-import. +* Changesets from p4 are imported using Git fast-import. * Cloning or syncing does not require a p4 client; file contents are collected using 'p4 print'. * Submitting requires a p4 client, which is not in the same location - as the git repository. Patches are applied, one at a time, to + as the Git repository. Patches are applied, one at a time, to this p4 client and submitted from there. * Each commit imported by 'git p4' has a line at the end of the log message indicating the p4 depot location and change number. This
diff --git a/git-pack-objects.html b/git-pack-objects.html index afa767b..da5818d 100644 --- a/git-pack-objects.html +++ b/git-pack-objects.html
@@ -772,7 +772,7 @@ objects in the pack. Placing both the index file (.idx) and the packed archive (.pack) in the pack/ subdirectory of $GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY (or any of the directories on $GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES) -enables git to read from the pack archive.</p></div> +enables Git to read from the pack archive.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>The <em>git unpack-objects</em> command can read the packed archive and expand the objects contained in the pack into "one-file one-object" format; this is typically done by the smart-pull @@ -847,7 +847,7 @@ <p> Include unasked-for annotated tags if the object they reference was included in the resulting packfile. This - can be useful to send new tags to native git clients. + can be useful to send new tags to native Git clients. </p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"> @@ -1029,7 +1029,7 @@ option only makes sense in conjunction with --stdout. </p> <div class="paragraph"><p>Note: A thin pack violates the packed archive format by omitting -required objects and is thus unusable by git without making it +required objects and is thus unusable by Git without making it self-contained. Use <code>git index-pack --fix-thin</code> (see <a href="git-index-pack.html">git-index-pack(1)</a>) to restore the self-contained property.</p></div> </dd> @@ -1040,7 +1040,7 @@ <p> A packed archive can express the base object of a delta as either a 20-byte object name or as an offset in the - stream, but ancient versions of git don’t understand the + stream, but ancient versions of Git don’t understand the latter. By default, <em>git pack-objects</em> only uses the former format for better compatibility. This option allows the command to use the latter format for @@ -1050,7 +1050,7 @@ </p> <div class="paragraph"><p>Note: Porcelain commands such as <code>git gc</code> (see <a href="git-gc.html">git-gc(1)</a>), <code>git repack</code> (see <a href="git-repack.html">git-repack(1)</a>) pass this option by default -in modern git when they put objects in your repository into pack files. +in modern Git when they put objects in your repository into pack files. So does <code>git bundle</code> (see <a href="git-bundle.html">git-bundle(1)</a>) when it creates a bundle.</p></div> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"> @@ -1064,7 +1064,7 @@ This is meant to reduce packing time on multiprocessor machines. The required amount of memory for the delta search window is however multiplied by the number of threads. - Specifying 0 will cause git to auto-detect the number of CPU’s + Specifying 0 will cause Git to auto-detect the number of CPU’s and set the number of threads accordingly. </p> </dd> @@ -1108,7 +1108,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2011-11-15 13:45:02 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/git-pack-objects.txt b/git-pack-objects.txt index 20c8551..69c9313 100644 --- a/git-pack-objects.txt +++ b/git-pack-objects.txt
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ objects in the pack. Placing both the index file (.idx) and the packed archive (.pack) in the pack/ subdirectory of $GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY (or any of the directories on $GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES) -enables git to read from the pack archive. +enables Git to read from the pack archive. The 'git unpack-objects' command can read the packed archive and expand the objects contained in the pack into "one-file @@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ --include-tag:: Include unasked-for annotated tags if the object they reference was included in the resulting packfile. This - can be useful to send new tags to native git clients. + can be useful to send new tags to native Git clients. --window=<n>:: --depth=<n>:: @@ -185,14 +185,14 @@ option only makes sense in conjunction with --stdout. + Note: A thin pack violates the packed archive format by omitting -required objects and is thus unusable by git without making it +required objects and is thus unusable by Git without making it self-contained. Use `git index-pack --fix-thin` (see linkgit:git-index-pack[1]) to restore the self-contained property. --delta-base-offset:: A packed archive can express the base object of a delta as either a 20-byte object name or as an offset in the - stream, but ancient versions of git don't understand the + stream, but ancient versions of Git don't understand the latter. By default, 'git pack-objects' only uses the former format for better compatibility. This option allows the command to use the latter format for @@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ + Note: Porcelain commands such as `git gc` (see linkgit:git-gc[1]), `git repack` (see linkgit:git-repack[1]) pass this option by default -in modern git when they put objects in your repository into pack files. +in modern Git when they put objects in your repository into pack files. So does `git bundle` (see linkgit:git-bundle[1]) when it creates a bundle. --threads=<n>:: @@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ This is meant to reduce packing time on multiprocessor machines. The required amount of memory for the delta search window is however multiplied by the number of threads. - Specifying 0 will cause git to auto-detect the number of CPU's + Specifying 0 will cause Git to auto-detect the number of CPU's and set the number of threads accordingly. --index-version=<version>[,<offset>]::
diff --git a/git-pull.html b/git-pull.html index 476dbfe..50280fe 100644 --- a/git-pull.html +++ b/git-pull.html
@@ -791,8 +791,8 @@ </div></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>See <a href="git-merge.html">git-merge(1)</a> for details, including how conflicts are presented and handled.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>In git 1.7.0 or later, to cancel a conflicting merge, use -<code>git reset --merge</code>. <strong>Warning</strong>: In older versions of git, running <em>git pull</em> +<div class="paragraph"><p>In Git 1.7.0 or later, to cancel a conflicting merge, use +<code>git reset --merge</code>. <strong>Warning</strong>: In older versions of Git, running <em>git pull</em> with uncommitted changes is discouraged: while possible, it leaves you in a state that may be hard to back out of in the case of a conflict.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>If any of the remote changes overlap with local uncommitted changes, @@ -839,7 +839,7 @@ This option controls if new commits of all populated submodules should be fetched too (see <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a> and <a href="gitmodules.html">gitmodules(5)</a>). That might be necessary to get the data needed for merging submodule - commits, a feature git learned in 1.7.3. Notice that the result of a + commits, a feature Git learned in 1.7.3. Notice that the result of a merge will not be checked out in the submodule, "git submodule update" has to be called afterwards to bring the work tree up to date with the merge result. @@ -1371,7 +1371,7 @@ </p> </li> </ul></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>For local repositories, also supported by git natively, the following +<div class="paragraph"><p>For local repositories, also supported by Git natively, the following syntaxes may be used:</p></div> <div class="ulist"><ul> <li> @@ -1388,7 +1388,7 @@ <div class="paragraph"><p>These two syntaxes are mostly equivalent, except when cloning, when the former implies --local option. See <a href="git-clone.html">git-clone(1)</a> for details.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>When git doesn’t know how to handle a certain transport protocol, it +<div class="paragraph"><p>When Git doesn’t know how to handle a certain transport protocol, it attempts to use the <em>remote-<transport></em> remote helper, if one exists. To explicitly request a remote helper, the following syntax may be used:</p></div> @@ -1446,7 +1446,7 @@ <div class="ulist"><ul> <li> <p> -a remote in the git configuration file: <code>$GIT_DIR/config</code>, +a remote in the Git configuration file: <code>$GIT_DIR/config</code>, </p> </li> <li> @@ -1830,7 +1830,7 @@ out submodules right now. When e.g. upstream added a new submodule in the just fetched commits of the superproject the submodule itself can not be fetched, making it impossible to check out that submodule later without -having to do a fetch again. This is expected to be fixed in a future git +having to do a fetch again. This is expected to be fixed in a future Git version.</p></div> </div> </div> @@ -1850,7 +1850,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2012-08-22 12:54:47 PDT +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/git-pull.txt b/git-pull.txt index 67fa5ee..c975743 100644 --- a/git-pull.txt +++ b/git-pull.txt
@@ -59,8 +59,8 @@ See linkgit:git-merge[1] for details, including how conflicts are presented and handled. -In git 1.7.0 or later, to cancel a conflicting merge, use -`git reset --merge`. *Warning*: In older versions of git, running 'git pull' +In Git 1.7.0 or later, to cancel a conflicting merge, use +`git reset --merge`. *Warning*: In older versions of Git, running 'git pull' with uncommitted changes is discouraged: while possible, it leaves you in a state that may be hard to back out of in the case of a conflict. @@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ This option controls if new commits of all populated submodules should be fetched too (see linkgit:git-config[1] and linkgit:gitmodules[5]). That might be necessary to get the data needed for merging submodule - commits, a feature git learned in 1.7.3. Notice that the result of a + commits, a feature Git learned in 1.7.3. Notice that the result of a merge will not be checked out in the submodule, "git submodule update" has to be called afterwards to bring the work tree up to date with the merge result. @@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ out submodules right now. When e.g. upstream added a new submodule in the just fetched commits of the superproject the submodule itself can not be fetched, making it impossible to check out that submodule later without -having to do a fetch again. This is expected to be fixed in a future git +having to do a fetch again. This is expected to be fixed in a future Git version. SEE ALSO
diff --git a/git-push.html b/git-push.html index acc43a4..f8c5662 100644 --- a/git-push.html +++ b/git-push.html
@@ -801,7 +801,7 @@ <div class="paragraph"><p>The object referenced by <src> is used to update the <dst> reference on the remote side. By default this is only allowed if <dst> is not a tag (annotated or lightweight), and then only if it can fast-forward -<dst>. By having the optional leading <code>+</code>, you can tell git to update +<dst>. By having the optional leading <code>+</code>, you can tell Git to update the <dst> ref even if it is not allowed by default (e.g., it is not a fast-forward.) This does <strong>not</strong> attempt to merge <src> into <dst>. See EXAMPLES below for details.</p></div> @@ -809,7 +809,7 @@ <div class="paragraph"><p>Pushing an empty <src> allows you to delete the <dst> ref from the remote repository.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>The special refspec <code>:</code> (or <code>+:</code> to allow non-fast-forward updates) -directs git to push "matching" branches: for every branch that exists on +directs Git to push "matching" branches: for every branch that exists on the local side, the remote side is updated if a branch of the same name already exists on the remote side. This is the default operation mode if no explicit refspec is found (that is neither on the command line @@ -1014,7 +1014,7 @@ <p> Make sure all submodule commits used by the revisions to be pushed are available on a remote-tracking branch. If <em>check</em> is - used git will verify that all submodule commits that changed in + used Git will verify that all submodule commits that changed in the revisions to be pushed are available on at least one remote of the submodule. If any commits are missing the push will be aborted and exit with non-zero status. If <em>on-demand</em> is used @@ -1091,7 +1091,7 @@ </p> </li> </ul></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>For local repositories, also supported by git natively, the following +<div class="paragraph"><p>For local repositories, also supported by Git natively, the following syntaxes may be used:</p></div> <div class="ulist"><ul> <li> @@ -1108,7 +1108,7 @@ <div class="paragraph"><p>These two syntaxes are mostly equivalent, except when cloning, when the former implies --local option. See <a href="git-clone.html">git-clone(1)</a> for details.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>When git doesn’t know how to handle a certain transport protocol, it +<div class="paragraph"><p>When Git doesn’t know how to handle a certain transport protocol, it attempts to use the <em>remote-<transport></em> remote helper, if one exists. To explicitly request a remote helper, the following syntax may be used:</p></div> @@ -1166,7 +1166,7 @@ <div class="ulist"><ul> <li> <p> -a remote in the git configuration file: <code>$GIT_DIR/config</code>, +a remote in the Git configuration file: <code>$GIT_DIR/config</code>, </p> </li> <li> @@ -1253,7 +1253,7 @@ <h2 id="_output">OUTPUT</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"><p>The output of "git push" depends on the transport method used; this -section describes the output when pushing over the git protocol (either +section describes the output when pushing over the Git protocol (either locally or via ssh).</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>The status of the push is output in tabular form, with each line representing the status of a single ref. Each line is of the form:</p></div> @@ -1631,7 +1631,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2013-01-06 01:05:36 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/git-push.txt b/git-push.txt index c964b79..1398025 100644 --- a/git-push.txt +++ b/git-push.txt
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ The object referenced by <src> is used to update the <dst> reference on the remote side. By default this is only allowed if <dst> is not a tag (annotated or lightweight), and then only if it can fast-forward -<dst>. By having the optional leading `+`, you can tell git to update +<dst>. By having the optional leading `+`, you can tell Git to update the <dst> ref even if it is not allowed by default (e.g., it is not a fast-forward.) This does *not* attempt to merge <src> into <dst>. See EXAMPLES below for details. @@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ the remote repository. + The special refspec `:` (or `+:` to allow non-fast-forward updates) -directs git to push "matching" branches: for every branch that exists on +directs Git to push "matching" branches: for every branch that exists on the local side, the remote side is updated if a branch of the same name already exists on the remote side. This is the default operation mode if no explicit refspec is found (that is neither on the command line @@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ --recurse-submodules=check|on-demand:: Make sure all submodule commits used by the revisions to be pushed are available on a remote-tracking branch. If 'check' is - used git will verify that all submodule commits that changed in + used Git will verify that all submodule commits that changed in the revisions to be pushed are available on at least one remote of the submodule. If any commits are missing the push will be aborted and exit with non-zero status. If 'on-demand' is used @@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ ------ The output of "git push" depends on the transport method used; this -section describes the output when pushing over the git protocol (either +section describes the output when pushing over the Git protocol (either locally or via ssh). The status of the push is output in tabular form, with each line
diff --git a/git-quiltimport.html b/git-quiltimport.html index 2c3d3d4..7dac623 100644 --- a/git-quiltimport.html +++ b/git-quiltimport.html
@@ -754,7 +754,7 @@ <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> -<div class="paragraph"><p>Applies a quilt patchset onto the current git branch, preserving +<div class="paragraph"><p>Applies a quilt patchset onto the current Git branch, preserving the patch boundaries, patch order, and patch descriptions present in the quilt patchset.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>For each patch the code attempts to extract the author from the @@ -763,7 +763,7 @@ the patch description is displayed and the user is asked to interactively enter the author of the patch.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>If a subject is not found in the patch description the patch name is -preserved as the 1 line subject in the git description.</p></div> +preserved as the 1 line subject in the Git description.</p></div> </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> @@ -818,7 +818,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2011-11-15 13:45:02 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/git-quiltimport.txt b/git-quiltimport.txt index 7f112f3..a356196 100644 --- a/git-quiltimport.txt +++ b/git-quiltimport.txt
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ DESCRIPTION ----------- -Applies a quilt patchset onto the current git branch, preserving +Applies a quilt patchset onto the current Git branch, preserving the patch boundaries, patch order, and patch descriptions present in the quilt patchset. @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ interactively enter the author of the patch. If a subject is not found in the patch description the patch name is -preserved as the 1 line subject in the git description. +preserved as the 1 line subject in the Git description. OPTIONS -------
diff --git a/git-rebase.html b/git-rebase.html index 2e5d78b..3fb97e7 100644 --- a/git-rebase.html +++ b/git-rebase.html
@@ -903,7 +903,7 @@ <div class="paragraph"><p>In case of conflict, <em>git rebase</em> will stop at the first problematic commit and leave conflict markers in the tree. You can use <em>git diff</em> to locate the markers (<<<<<<) and make edits to resolve the conflict. For each -file you edit, you need to tell git that the conflict has been resolved, +file you edit, you need to tell Git that the conflict has been resolved, typically this would be done with</p></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> @@ -1901,7 +1901,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2012-09-30 00:37:08 PDT +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/git-rebase.txt b/git-rebase.txt index da067ec..aca8405 100644 --- a/git-rebase.txt +++ b/git-rebase.txt
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ In case of conflict, 'git rebase' will stop at the first problematic commit and leave conflict markers in the tree. You can use 'git diff' to locate the markers (<<<<<<) and make edits to resolve the conflict. For each -file you edit, you need to tell git that the conflict has been resolved, +file you edit, you need to tell Git that the conflict has been resolved, typically this would be done with
diff --git a/git-reflog.html b/git-reflog.html index 1844042..7406824 100644 --- a/git-reflog.html +++ b/git-reflog.html
@@ -776,7 +776,7 @@ The reflog will cover all recent actions (HEAD reflog records branch switching as well). It is an alias for <code>git log -g --abbrev-commit --pretty=oneline</code>; see <a href="git-log.html">git-log(1)</a>.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>The reflog is useful in various git commands, to specify the old value +<div class="paragraph"><p>The reflog is useful in various Git commands, to specify the old value of a reference. For example, <code>HEAD@{2}</code> means "where HEAD used to be two moves ago", <code>master@{one.week.ago}</code> means "where master used to point to one week ago", and so on. See <a href="gitrevisions.html">gitrevisions(7)</a> for @@ -876,7 +876,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2012-05-02 15:00:44 PDT +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body> diff --git a/git-reflog.txt b/git-reflog.txt index 7fe2d22..fb8697e 100644 --- a/git-reflog.txt +++ b/git-reflog.txt
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ as well). It is an alias for `git log -g --abbrev-commit --pretty=oneline`; see linkgit:git-log[1]. -The reflog is useful in various git commands, to specify the old value +The reflog is useful in various Git commands, to specify the old value of a reference. For example, `HEAD@{2}` means "where HEAD used to be two moves ago", `master@{one.week.ago}` means "where master used to point to one week ago", and so on. See linkgit:gitrevisions[7] for diff --git a/git-remote-ext.html b/git-remote-ext.html index 559f2ff..705e559 100644 --- a/git-remote-ext.html +++ b/git-remote-ext.html
@@ -755,7 +755,7 @@ <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"><p>This remote helper uses the specified <em><command></em> to connect -to a remote git server.</p></div> +to a remote Git server.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>Data written to stdin of the specified <em><command></em> is assumed to be sent to a git:// server, git-upload-pack, git-receive-pack or git-upload-archive (depending on situation), and data read @@ -786,7 +786,7 @@ <dd> <p> Replaced with name (receive-pack, upload-pack, or - upload-archive) of the service git wants to invoke. + upload-archive) of the service Git wants to invoke. </p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"> @@ -796,7 +796,7 @@ <p> Replaced with long name (git-receive-pack, git-upload-pack, or git-upload-archive) of the service - git wants to invoke. + Git wants to invoke. </p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"> @@ -869,7 +869,7 @@ <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_examples">EXAMPLES:</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> -<div class="paragraph"><p>This remote helper is transparently used by git when +<div class="paragraph"><p>This remote helper is transparently used by Git when you use commands such as "git fetch <URL>", "git clone <URL>", , "git push <URL>" or "git remote add <nick> <URL>", where <URL> begins with <code>ext::</code>. Examples:</p></div> @@ -913,7 +913,7 @@ Represents a repository with path /repo accessed using the helper program "git-server-alias foo". The hostname for the remote server passed in the protocol stream will be "foo" - (this allows multiple virtual git servers to share a + (this allows multiple virtual Git servers to share a link-level address). </p> </dd> @@ -925,7 +925,7 @@ Represents a repository with path <em>/repo with spaces</em> accessed using the helper program "git-server-alias foo". The hostname for the remote server passed in the protocol stream will be "foo" - (this allows multiple virtual git servers to share a + (this allows multiple virtual Git servers to share a link-level address). </p> </dd> @@ -946,7 +946,7 @@ <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_documentation">Documentation</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> -<div class="paragraph"><p>Documentation by Ilari Liusvaara, Jonathan Nieder and the git list +<div class="paragraph"><p>Documentation by Ilari Liusvaara, Jonathan Nieder and the Git list <<a href="mailto:git@vger.kernel.org">git@vger.kernel.org</a>></p></div> </div> </div> @@ -960,7 +960,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2011-11-15 13:45:02 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/git-remote-ext.txt b/git-remote-ext.txt index 8a8e1d7..58b7fac 100644 --- a/git-remote-ext.txt +++ b/git-remote-ext.txt
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ DESCRIPTION ----------- This remote helper uses the specified '<command>' to connect -to a remote git server. +to a remote Git server. Data written to stdin of the specified '<command>' is assumed to be sent to a git:// server, git-upload-pack, git-receive-pack @@ -33,12 +33,12 @@ '%s':: Replaced with name (receive-pack, upload-pack, or - upload-archive) of the service git wants to invoke. + upload-archive) of the service Git wants to invoke. '%S':: Replaced with long name (git-receive-pack, git-upload-pack, or git-upload-archive) of the service - git wants to invoke. + Git wants to invoke. '%G' (must be the first characters in an argument):: This argument will not be passed to '<command>'. Instead, it @@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ EXAMPLES: --------- -This remote helper is transparently used by git when +This remote helper is transparently used by Git when you use commands such as "git fetch <URL>", "git clone <URL>", , "git push <URL>" or "git remote add <nick> <URL>", where <URL> begins with `ext::`. Examples: @@ -100,14 +100,14 @@ Represents a repository with path /repo accessed using the helper program "git-server-alias foo". The hostname for the remote server passed in the protocol stream will be "foo" - (this allows multiple virtual git servers to share a + (this allows multiple virtual Git servers to share a link-level address). "ext::git-server-alias foo %G/repo% with% spaces %Vfoo":: Represents a repository with path '/repo with spaces' accessed using the helper program "git-server-alias foo". The hostname for the remote server passed in the protocol stream will be "foo" - (this allows multiple virtual git servers to share a + (this allows multiple virtual Git servers to share a link-level address). "ext::git-ssl foo.example /bar":: @@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ Documentation -------------- -Documentation by Ilari Liusvaara, Jonathan Nieder and the git list +Documentation by Ilari Liusvaara, Jonathan Nieder and the Git list <git@vger.kernel.org> GIT
diff --git a/git-remote-fd.html b/git-remote-fd.html index 80e1f96..b44efae 100644 --- a/git-remote-fd.html +++ b/git-remote-fd.html
@@ -751,13 +751,13 @@ <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> -<div class="paragraph"><p>This helper uses specified file descriptors to connect to a remote git server. +<div class="paragraph"><p>This helper uses specified file descriptors to connect to a remote Git server. This is not meant for end users but for programs and scripts calling git fetch, push or archive.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>If only <infd> is given, it is assumed to be a bidirectional socket connected -to remote git server (git-upload-pack, git-receive-pack or +to remote Git server (git-upload-pack, git-receive-pack or git-upload-achive). If both <infd> and <outfd> are given, they are assumed -to be pipes connected to a remote git server (<infd> being the inbound pipe +to be pipes connected to a remote Git server (<infd> being the inbound pipe and <outfd> being the outbound pipe.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>It is assumed that any handshaking procedures have already been completed (such as sending service request for git://) before this helper is started.</p></div> @@ -826,7 +826,7 @@ <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_documentation">Documentation</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> -<div class="paragraph"><p>Documentation by Ilari Liusvaara and the git list <<a href="mailto:git@vger.kernel.org">git@vger.kernel.org</a>></p></div> +<div class="paragraph"><p>Documentation by Ilari Liusvaara and the Git list <<a href="mailto:git@vger.kernel.org">git@vger.kernel.org</a>></p></div> </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> @@ -839,7 +839,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2011-11-15 13:45:02 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/git-remote-fd.txt b/git-remote-fd.txt index f095d57..933c2ad 100644 --- a/git-remote-fd.txt +++ b/git-remote-fd.txt
@@ -11,14 +11,14 @@ DESCRIPTION ----------- -This helper uses specified file descriptors to connect to a remote git server. +This helper uses specified file descriptors to connect to a remote Git server. This is not meant for end users but for programs and scripts calling git fetch, push or archive. If only <infd> is given, it is assumed to be a bidirectional socket connected -to remote git server (git-upload-pack, git-receive-pack or +to remote Git server (git-upload-pack, git-receive-pack or git-upload-achive). If both <infd> and <outfd> are given, they are assumed -to be pipes connected to a remote git server (<infd> being the inbound pipe +to be pipes connected to a remote Git server (<infd> being the inbound pipe and <outfd> being the outbound pipe. It is assumed that any handshaking procedures have already been completed @@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ Documentation -------------- -Documentation by Ilari Liusvaara and the git list <git@vger.kernel.org> +Documentation by Ilari Liusvaara and the Git list <git@vger.kernel.org> GIT ---
diff --git a/git-remote-helpers.html b/git-remote-helpers.html index 2c8c15b..0bbb08c 100644 --- a/git-remote-helpers.html +++ b/git-remote-helpers.html
@@ -755,16 +755,16 @@ <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"><p>Remote helper programs are normally not used directly by end users, -but they are invoked by git when it needs to interact with remote -repositories git does not support natively. A given helper will -implement a subset of the capabilities documented here. When git +but they are invoked by Git when it needs to interact with remote +repositories Git does not support natively. A given helper will +implement a subset of the capabilities documented here. When Git needs to interact with a repository using a remote helper, it spawns the helper as an independent process, sends commands to the helper’s standard input, and expects results from the helper’s standard output. Because a remote helper runs as an independent process from -git, there is no need to re-link git to add a new helper, nor any -need to link the helper with the implementation of git.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>Every helper must support the "capabilities" command, which git +Git, there is no need to re-link Git to add a new helper, nor any +need to link the helper with the implementation of Git.</p></div> +<div class="paragraph"><p>Every helper must support the "capabilities" command, which Git uses to determine what other commands the helper will accept. Those other commands can be used to discover and update remote refs, transport objects between the object database and the remote repository, @@ -779,27 +779,27 @@ <h2 id="_invocation">INVOCATION</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"><p>Remote helper programs are invoked with one or (optionally) two -arguments. The first argument specifies a remote repository as in git; +arguments. The first argument specifies a remote repository as in Git; it is either the name of a configured remote or a URL. The second argument specifies a URL; it is usually of the form <em><transport>://<address></em>, but any arbitrary string is possible. The <em>GIT_DIR</em> environment variable is set up for the remote helper and can be used to determine where to store additional data or from -which directory to invoke auxiliary git commands.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>When git encounters a URL of the form <em><transport>://<address></em>, where +which directory to invoke auxiliary Git commands.</p></div> +<div class="paragraph"><p>When Git encounters a URL of the form <em><transport>://<address></em>, where <em><transport></em> is a protocol that it cannot handle natively, it automatically invokes <em>git remote-<transport></em> with the full URL as the second argument. If such a URL is encountered directly on the command line, the first argument is the same as the second, and if it is encountered in a configured remote, the first argument is the name of that remote.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>A URL of the form <em><transport>::<address></em> explicitly instructs git to +<div class="paragraph"><p>A URL of the form <em><transport>::<address></em> explicitly instructs Git to invoke <em>git remote-<transport></em> with <em><address></em> as the second argument. If such a URL is encountered directly on the command line, the first argument is <em><address></em>, and if it is encountered in a configured remote, the first argument is the name of that remote.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>Additionally, when a configured remote has <em>remote.<name>.vcs</em> set to -<em><transport></em>, git explicitly invokes <em>git remote-<transport></em> with +<em><transport></em>, Git explicitly invokes <em>git remote-<transport></em> with <em><name></em> as the first argument. If set, the second argument is <em>remote.<name>.url</em>; otherwise, the second argument is omitted.</p></div> </div> @@ -820,7 +820,7 @@ <div class="sect2"> <h3 id="_capabilities">Capabilities</h3> <div class="paragraph"><p>Each remote helper is expected to support only a subset of commands. -The operations a helper supports are declared to git in the response +The operations a helper supports are declared to Git in the response to the <code>capabilities</code> command (see COMMANDS, below).</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>In the following, we list all defined capabilities and for each we list which commands a helper with that capability @@ -861,10 +861,10 @@ <div class="paragraph"><p>Supported commands: <em>list for-push</em>, <em>export</em>.</p></div> </dd> </dl></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>If a helper advertises <em>connect</em>, git will use it if possible and +<div class="paragraph"><p>If a helper advertises <em>connect</em>, Git will use it if possible and fall back to another capability if the helper requests so when connecting (see the <em>connect</em> command under COMMANDS). -When choosing between <em>push</em> and <em>export</em>, git prefers <em>push</em>. +When choosing between <em>push</em> and <em>export</em>, Git prefers <em>push</em>. Other frontends may have some other order of preference.</p></div> </div> <div class="sect3"> @@ -877,7 +877,7 @@ <p> Can try to connect to <em>git upload-pack</em> (for fetching), <em>git receive-pack</em>, etc for communication using the - git’s native packfile protocol. This + Git’s native packfile protocol. This requires a bidirectional, full-duplex connection. </p> <div class="paragraph"><p>Supported commands: <em>connect</em>.</p></div> @@ -903,10 +903,10 @@ <div class="paragraph"><p>Supported commands: <em>list</em>, <em>import</em>.</p></div> </dd> </dl></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>If a helper advertises <em>connect</em>, git will use it if possible and +<div class="paragraph"><p>If a helper advertises <em>connect</em>, Git will use it if possible and fall back to another capability if the helper requests so when connecting (see the <em>connect</em> command under COMMANDS). -When choosing between <em>fetch</em> and <em>import</em>, git prefers <em>fetch</em>. +When choosing between <em>fetch</em> and <em>import</em>, Git prefers <em>fetch</em>. Other frontends may have some other order of preference.</p></div> </div> <div class="sect3"> @@ -955,10 +955,10 @@ to retrieve information about blobs and trees that already exist in fast-import’s memory. This requires a channel from fast-import to the remote-helper. - If it is advertised in addition to "import", git establishes a pipe from + If it is advertised in addition to "import", Git establishes a pipe from fast-import to the remote-helper’s stdin. - It follows that git and fast-import are both connected to the - remote-helper’s stdin. Because git can send multiple commands to + It follows that Git and fast-import are both connected to the + remote-helper’s stdin. Because Git can send multiple commands to the remote-helper it is required that helpers that use <em>bidi-import</em> buffer all <em>import</em> commands of a batch before sending data to fast-import. This is to prevent mixing commands and fast-import responses on the @@ -970,7 +970,7 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - This modifies the <em>export</em> capability, instructing git to dump the + This modifies the <em>export</em> capability, instructing Git to dump the internal marks table to <file> when complete. For details, read up on <em>--export-marks=<file></em> in <a href="git-fast-export.html">git-fast-export(1)</a>. </p> @@ -980,7 +980,7 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - This modifies the <em>export</em> capability, instructing git to load the + This modifies the <em>export</em> capability, instructing Git to load the marks specified in <file> before processing any input. For details, read up on <em>--import-marks=<file></em> in <a href="git-fast-export.html">git-fast-export(1)</a>. </p> @@ -1002,7 +1002,7 @@ <p> Lists the capabilities of the helper, one per line, ending with a blank line. Each capability may be preceded with <em>*</em>, - which marks them mandatory for git versions using the remote + which marks them mandatory for Git versions using the remote helper to understand. Any unknown mandatory capability is a fatal error. </p> @@ -1196,7 +1196,7 @@ <h2 id="_options">OPTIONS</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"><p>The following options are defined and (under suitable circumstances) -set by git if the remote helper has the <em>option</em> capability.</p></div> +set by Git if the remote helper has the <em>option</em> capability.</p></div> <div class="dlist"><dl> <dt class="hdlist1"> <em>option verbosity</em> <n> @@ -1278,7 +1278,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2012-12-13 12:34:41 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/git-remote-helpers.txt b/git-remote-helpers.txt index 6d696e0..e36fdcb 100644 --- a/git-remote-helpers.txt +++ b/git-remote-helpers.txt
@@ -14,17 +14,17 @@ ----------- Remote helper programs are normally not used directly by end users, -but they are invoked by git when it needs to interact with remote -repositories git does not support natively. A given helper will -implement a subset of the capabilities documented here. When git +but they are invoked by Git when it needs to interact with remote +repositories Git does not support natively. A given helper will +implement a subset of the capabilities documented here. When Git needs to interact with a repository using a remote helper, it spawns the helper as an independent process, sends commands to the helper's standard input, and expects results from the helper's standard output. Because a remote helper runs as an independent process from -git, there is no need to re-link git to add a new helper, nor any -need to link the helper with the implementation of git. +Git, there is no need to re-link Git to add a new helper, nor any +need to link the helper with the implementation of Git. -Every helper must support the "capabilities" command, which git +Every helper must support the "capabilities" command, which Git uses to determine what other commands the helper will accept. Those other commands can be used to discover and update remote refs, transport objects between the object database and the remote repository, @@ -39,15 +39,15 @@ ---------- Remote helper programs are invoked with one or (optionally) two -arguments. The first argument specifies a remote repository as in git; +arguments. The first argument specifies a remote repository as in Git; it is either the name of a configured remote or a URL. The second argument specifies a URL; it is usually of the form '<transport>://<address>', but any arbitrary string is possible. The 'GIT_DIR' environment variable is set up for the remote helper and can be used to determine where to store additional data or from -which directory to invoke auxiliary git commands. +which directory to invoke auxiliary Git commands. -When git encounters a URL of the form '<transport>://<address>', where +When Git encounters a URL of the form '<transport>://<address>', where '<transport>' is a protocol that it cannot handle natively, it automatically invokes 'git remote-<transport>' with the full URL as the second argument. If such a URL is encountered directly on the @@ -55,14 +55,14 @@ is encountered in a configured remote, the first argument is the name of that remote. -A URL of the form '<transport>::<address>' explicitly instructs git to +A URL of the form '<transport>::<address>' explicitly instructs Git to invoke 'git remote-<transport>' with '<address>' as the second argument. If such a URL is encountered directly on the command line, the first argument is '<address>', and if it is encountered in a configured remote, the first argument is the name of that remote. Additionally, when a configured remote has 'remote.<name>.vcs' set to -'<transport>', git explicitly invokes 'git remote-<transport>' with +'<transport>', Git explicitly invokes 'git remote-<transport>' with '<name>' as the first argument. If set, the second argument is 'remote.<name>.url'; otherwise, the second argument is omitted. @@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Each remote helper is expected to support only a subset of commands. -The operations a helper supports are declared to git in the response +The operations a helper supports are declared to Git in the response to the `capabilities` command (see COMMANDS, below). In the following, we list all defined capabilities and for @@ -114,10 +114,10 @@ + Supported commands: 'list for-push', 'export'. -If a helper advertises 'connect', git will use it if possible and +If a helper advertises 'connect', Git will use it if possible and fall back to another capability if the helper requests so when connecting (see the 'connect' command under COMMANDS). -When choosing between 'push' and 'export', git prefers 'push'. +When choosing between 'push' and 'export', Git prefers 'push'. Other frontends may have some other order of preference. @@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ 'connect':: Can try to connect to 'git upload-pack' (for fetching), 'git receive-pack', etc for communication using the - git's native packfile protocol. This + Git's native packfile protocol. This requires a bidirectional, full-duplex connection. + Supported commands: 'connect'. @@ -143,10 +143,10 @@ + Supported commands: 'list', 'import'. -If a helper advertises 'connect', git will use it if possible and +If a helper advertises 'connect', Git will use it if possible and fall back to another capability if the helper requests so when connecting (see the 'connect' command under COMMANDS). -When choosing between 'fetch' and 'import', git prefers 'fetch'. +When choosing between 'fetch' and 'import', Git prefers 'fetch'. Other frontends may have some other order of preference. Miscellaneous capabilities @@ -183,22 +183,22 @@ to retrieve information about blobs and trees that already exist in fast-import's memory. This requires a channel from fast-import to the remote-helper. - If it is advertised in addition to "import", git establishes a pipe from + If it is advertised in addition to "import", Git establishes a pipe from fast-import to the remote-helper's stdin. - It follows that git and fast-import are both connected to the - remote-helper's stdin. Because git can send multiple commands to + It follows that Git and fast-import are both connected to the + remote-helper's stdin. Because Git can send multiple commands to the remote-helper it is required that helpers that use 'bidi-import' buffer all 'import' commands of a batch before sending data to fast-import. This is to prevent mixing commands and fast-import responses on the helper's stdin. 'export-marks' <file>:: - This modifies the 'export' capability, instructing git to dump the + This modifies the 'export' capability, instructing Git to dump the internal marks table to <file> when complete. For details, read up on '--export-marks=<file>' in linkgit:git-fast-export[1]. 'import-marks' <file>:: - This modifies the 'export' capability, instructing git to load the + This modifies the 'export' capability, instructing Git to load the marks specified in <file> before processing any input. For details, read up on '--import-marks=<file>' in linkgit:git-fast-export[1]. @@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ 'capabilities':: Lists the capabilities of the helper, one per line, ending with a blank line. Each capability may be preceded with '*', - which marks them mandatory for git versions using the remote + which marks them mandatory for Git versions using the remote helper to understand. Any unknown mandatory capability is a fatal error. + @@ -376,7 +376,7 @@ ------- The following options are defined and (under suitable circumstances) -set by git if the remote helper has the 'option' capability. +set by Git if the remote helper has the 'option' capability. 'option verbosity' <n>:: Changes the verbosity of messages displayed by the helper.
diff --git a/git-replace.html b/git-replace.html index 4781297..e98cd11 100644 --- a/git-replace.html +++ b/git-replace.html
@@ -761,7 +761,7 @@ replaced. The content of the <em>replace</em> reference is the SHA1 of the replacement object.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>Unless <code>-f</code> is given, the <em>replace</em> reference must not yet exist.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>Replacement references will be used by default by all git commands +<div class="paragraph"><p>Replacement references will be used by default by all Git commands except those doing reachability traversal (prune, pack transfer and fsck).</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>It is possible to disable use of replacement references for any @@ -847,7 +847,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2012-08-22 12:54:47 PDT +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/git-replace.txt b/git-replace.txt index 51131d0..0142cd1 100644 --- a/git-replace.txt +++ b/git-replace.txt
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ Unless `-f` is given, the 'replace' reference must not yet exist. -Replacement references will be used by default by all git commands +Replacement references will be used by default by all Git commands except those doing reachability traversal (prune, pack transfer and fsck).
diff --git a/git-rev-list.html b/git-rev-list.html index dacd07d..84b3e71 100644 --- a/git-rev-list.html +++ b/git-rev-list.html
@@ -833,7 +833,7 @@ <pre><code> $ git rev-list A B --not $(git merge-base --all A B) $ git rev-list A...B</code></pre> </div></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p><em>rev-list</em> is a very essential git command, since it +<div class="paragraph"><p><em>rev-list</em> is a very essential Git command, since it provides the ability to build and traverse commit ancestry graphs. For this reason, it has a lot of different options that enables it to be used by commands as different as <em>git bisect</em> and @@ -1750,7 +1750,7 @@ </div> <div class="sect2"> <h3 id="_object_traversal">Object Traversal</h3> -<div class="paragraph"><p>These options are mostly targeted for packing of git repositories.</p></div> +<div class="paragraph"><p>These options are mostly targeted for packing of Git repositories.</p></div> <div class="dlist"><dl> <dt class="hdlist1"> --objects @@ -1953,7 +1953,7 @@ <div class="paragraph"><p><code>--date=rfc</code> (or <code>--date=rfc2822</code>) shows timestamps in RFC 2822 format, often found in E-mail messages.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p><code>--date=short</code> shows only date but not time, in <code>YYYY-MM-DD</code> format.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p><code>--date=raw</code> shows the date in the internal raw git format <code>%s %z</code> format.</p></div> +<div class="paragraph"><p><code>--date=raw</code> shows the date in the internal raw Git format <code>%s %z</code> format.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p><code>--date=default</code> shows timestamps in the original timezone (either committer’s or author’s).</p></div> </dd> @@ -2532,7 +2532,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2011-11-15 13:45:02 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/git-rev-list.txt b/git-rev-list.txt index 38fafca..65ac27e 100644 --- a/git-rev-list.txt +++ b/git-rev-list.txt
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ $ git rev-list A...B ----------------------------------------------------------------------- -'rev-list' is a very essential git command, since it +'rev-list' is a very essential Git command, since it provides the ability to build and traverse commit ancestry graphs. For this reason, it has a lot of different options that enables it to be used by commands as different as 'git bisect' and
diff --git a/git-rev-parse.html b/git-rev-parse.html index 4dd95a9..5a0491f 100644 --- a/git-rev-parse.html +++ b/git-rev-parse.html
@@ -754,7 +754,7 @@ <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> -<div class="paragraph"><p>Many git porcelainish commands take mixture of flags +<div class="paragraph"><p>Many Git porcelainish commands take mixture of flags (i.e. parameters that begin with a dash <em>-</em>) and parameters meant for the underlying <em>git rev-list</em> command they use internally and flags and parameters for the other commands they use @@ -1013,7 +1013,7 @@ relative to the current working directory. </p> <div class="paragraph"><p>If <code>$GIT_DIR</code> is not defined and the current directory -is not detected to lie in a git repository or work tree +is not detected to lie in a Git repository or work tree print a message to stderr and exit with nonzero status.</p></div> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"> @@ -1103,9 +1103,10 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - Check if <path> is a valid git-dir or a git-file pointing to a valid - git-dir. If <path> is a valid git-dir the resolved path to git-dir will - be printed. + Check if <path> is a valid repository or a gitfile that + points at a valid repository, and print the location of the + repository. If <path> is a gitfile then the resolved path + to the real repository is printed. </p> </dd> </dl></div> @@ -1150,7 +1151,7 @@ A symbolic ref name. E.g. <em>master</em> typically means the commit object referenced by <em>refs/heads/master</em>. If you happen to have both <em>heads/master</em> and <em>tags/master</em>, you can - explicitly say <em>heads/master</em> to tell git which one you mean. + explicitly say <em>heads/master</em> to tell Git which one you mean. When ambiguous, a <em><refname></em> is disambiguated by taking the first match in the following rules: </p> @@ -1680,7 +1681,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2012-07-22 14:08:46 PDT +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/git-rev-parse.txt b/git-rev-parse.txt index 3c63561..10a116f 100644 --- a/git-rev-parse.txt +++ b/git-rev-parse.txt
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ DESCRIPTION ----------- -Many git porcelainish commands take mixture of flags +Many Git porcelainish commands take mixture of flags (i.e. parameters that begin with a dash '-') and parameters meant for the underlying 'git rev-list' command they use internally and flags and parameters for the other commands they use @@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ relative to the current working directory. + If `$GIT_DIR` is not defined and the current directory -is not detected to lie in a git repository or work tree +is not detected to lie in a Git repository or work tree print a message to stderr and exit with nonzero status. --is-inside-git-dir:: @@ -187,9 +187,11 @@ Flags and parameters to be parsed. --resolve-git-dir <path>:: - Check if <path> is a valid git-dir or a git-file pointing to a valid - git-dir. If <path> is a valid git-dir the resolved path to git-dir will - be printed. + Check if <path> is a valid repository or a gitfile that + points at a valid repository, and print the location of the + repository. If <path> is a gitfile then the resolved path + to the real repository is printed. + include::revisions.txt[]
diff --git a/git-rm.html b/git-rm.html index 89d7260..1541644 100644 --- a/git-rm.html +++ b/git-rm.html
@@ -776,7 +776,7 @@ <dd> <p> Files to remove. Fileglobs (e.g. <code>*.c</code>) can be given to - remove all matching files. If you want git to expand + remove all matching files. If you want Git to expand file glob characters, you may need to shell-escape them. A leading directory name (e.g. <code>dir</code> to remove <code>dir/file1</code> and <code>dir/file2</code>) can be @@ -866,8 +866,8 @@ <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"><p>The <file> list given to the command can be exact pathnames, file glob patterns, or leading directory names. The command -removes only the paths that are known to git. Giving the name of -a file that you have not told git about does not remove that file.</p></div> +removes only the paths that are known to Git. Giving the name of +a file that you have not told Git about does not remove that file.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>File globbing matches across directory boundaries. Thus, given two directories <code>d</code> and <code>d2</code>, there is a difference between using <code>git rm 'd*'</code> and <code>git rm 'd/*'</code>, as the former will @@ -925,7 +925,7 @@ <div class="sect2"> <h3 id="_submodules">Submodules</h3> <div class="paragraph"><p>Only submodules using a gitfile (which means they were cloned -with a git version 1.7.8 or newer) will be removed from the work +with a Git version 1.7.8 or newer) will be removed from the work tree, as their repository lives inside the .git directory of the superproject. If a submodule (or one of those nested inside it) still uses a .git directory, <code>git rm</code> will fail - no matter if forced @@ -951,7 +951,7 @@ <code>Documentation</code> directory and any of its subdirectories. </p> <div class="paragraph"><p>Note that the asterisk <code>*</code> is quoted from the shell in this -example; this lets git, and not the shell, expand the pathnames +example; this lets Git, and not the shell, expand the pathnames of files and subdirectories under the <code>Documentation/</code> directory.</p></div> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"> @@ -983,7 +983,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2012-11-20 13:06:02 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/git-rm.txt b/git-rm.txt index 262436b..92bac27 100644 --- a/git-rm.txt +++ b/git-rm.txt
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ ------- <file>...:: Files to remove. Fileglobs (e.g. `*.c`) can be given to - remove all matching files. If you want git to expand + remove all matching files. If you want Git to expand file glob characters, you may need to shell-escape them. A leading directory name (e.g. `dir` to remove `dir/file1` and `dir/file2`) can be @@ -74,8 +74,8 @@ The <file> list given to the command can be exact pathnames, file glob patterns, or leading directory names. The command -removes only the paths that are known to git. Giving the name of -a file that you have not told git about does not remove that file. +removes only the paths that are known to Git. Giving the name of +a file that you have not told Git about does not remove that file. File globbing matches across directory boundaries. Thus, given two directories `d` and `d2`, there is a difference between @@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ Submodules ~~~~~~~~~~ Only submodules using a gitfile (which means they were cloned -with a git version 1.7.8 or newer) will be removed from the work +with a Git version 1.7.8 or newer) will be removed from the work tree, as their repository lives inside the .git directory of the superproject. If a submodule (or one of those nested inside it) still uses a .git directory, `git rm` will fail - no matter if forced @@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ `Documentation` directory and any of its subdirectories. + Note that the asterisk `*` is quoted from the shell in this -example; this lets git, and not the shell, expand the pathnames +example; this lets Git, and not the shell, expand the pathnames of files and subdirectories under the `Documentation/` directory. `git rm -f git-*.sh`::
diff --git a/git-send-email.html b/git-send-email.html index fafb0b4..46010d1 100644 --- a/git-send-email.html +++ b/git-send-email.html
@@ -828,7 +828,7 @@ <div class="paragraph"><p>When <em>--compose</em> is used, git send-email will use the From, Subject, and In-Reply-To headers specified in the message. If the body of the message (what you type after the headers and a blank line) only contains blank -(or GIT: prefixed) lines the summary won’t be sent, but From, Subject, +(or Git: prefixed) lines the summary won’t be sent, but From, Subject, and In-Reply-To headers will be used unless they are removed.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>Missing From or In-Reply-To headers will be prompted for.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>See the CONFIGURATION section for <em>sendemail.multiedit</em>.</p></div> @@ -1394,7 +1394,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2012-11-13 14:31:09 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/git-send-email.txt b/git-send-email.txt index eeb561c..44a1f7c 100644 --- a/git-send-email.txt +++ b/git-send-email.txt
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ When '--compose' is used, git send-email will use the From, Subject, and In-Reply-To headers specified in the message. If the body of the message (what you type after the headers and a blank line) only contains blank -(or GIT: prefixed) lines the summary won't be sent, but From, Subject, +(or Git: prefixed) lines the summary won't be sent, but From, Subject, and In-Reply-To headers will be used unless they are removed. + Missing From or In-Reply-To headers will be prompted for.
diff --git a/git-send-pack.html b/git-send-pack.html index e849fa0..e76a36e 100644 --- a/git-send-pack.html +++ b/git-send-pack.html
@@ -737,7 +737,7 @@ <h2>NAME</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <p>git-send-pack - - Push objects over git protocol to another repository + Push objects over Git protocol to another repository </p> </div> </div> @@ -932,7 +932,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2011-11-15 13:45:02 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/git-send-pack.txt b/git-send-pack.txt index bd3eaa6..dc3a568 100644 --- a/git-send-pack.txt +++ b/git-send-pack.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ NAME ---- -git-send-pack - Push objects over git protocol to another repository +git-send-pack - Push objects over Git protocol to another repository SYNOPSIS
diff --git a/git-sh-setup.html b/git-sh-setup.html index da61593..7585b01 100644 --- a/git-sh-setup.html +++ b/git-sh-setup.html
@@ -737,7 +737,7 @@ <h2>NAME</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <p>git-sh-setup - - Common git shell script setup code + Common Git shell script setup code </p> </div> </div> @@ -759,7 +759,7 @@ Porcelain-ish scripts and/or are writing new ones.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>The <em>git sh-setup</em> scriptlet is designed to be sourced (using <code>.</code>) by other shell scripts to set up some variables pointing at -the normal git directories and a few helper shell functions.</p></div> +the normal Git directories and a few helper shell functions.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>Before sourcing it, your script should set up a few variables; <code>USAGE</code> (and <code>LONG_USAGE</code>, if any) is used to define message given by <code>usage()</code> shell function. <code>SUBDIRECTORY_OK</code> can be set @@ -885,7 +885,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2012-01-03 16:22:22 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/git-sh-setup.txt b/git-sh-setup.txt index 5e5f1c8..6a9f66d 100644 --- a/git-sh-setup.txt +++ b/git-sh-setup.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ NAME ---- -git-sh-setup - Common git shell script setup code +git-sh-setup - Common Git shell script setup code SYNOPSIS -------- @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ The 'git sh-setup' scriptlet is designed to be sourced (using `.`) by other shell scripts to set up some variables pointing at -the normal git directories and a few helper shell functions. +the normal Git directories and a few helper shell functions. Before sourcing it, your script should set up a few variables; `USAGE` (and `LONG_USAGE`, if any) is used to define message
diff --git a/git-show-index.html b/git-show-index.html index eb2dfd0..10f7f9c 100644 --- a/git-show-index.html +++ b/git-show-index.html
@@ -754,7 +754,7 @@ <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> -<div class="paragraph"><p>Reads given idx file for packed git archive created with +<div class="paragraph"><p>Reads given idx file for packed Git archive created with <em>git pack-objects</em> command, and dumps its contents.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>The information it outputs is subset of what you can get from <em>git verify-pack -v</em>; this command only shows the packfile @@ -771,7 +771,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2011-11-15 13:45:02 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/git-show-index.txt b/git-show-index.txt index 2dcbbb2..9cbbed9 100644 --- a/git-show-index.txt +++ b/git-show-index.txt
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ DESCRIPTION ----------- -Reads given idx file for packed git archive created with +Reads given idx file for packed Git archive created with 'git pack-objects' command, and dumps its contents. The information it outputs is subset of what you can get from
diff --git a/git-show.html b/git-show.html index 37a1dae..5bfe051 100644 --- a/git-show.html +++ b/git-show.html
@@ -1421,14 +1421,14 @@ <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_discussion">Discussion</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> -<div class="paragraph"><p>At the core level, git is character encoding agnostic.</p></div> +<div class="paragraph"><p>At the core level, Git is character encoding agnostic.</p></div> <div class="ulist"><ul> <li> <p> The pathnames recorded in the index and in the tree objects are treated as uninterpreted sequences of non-NUL bytes. What readdir(2) returns are what are recorded and compared - with the data git keeps track of, which in turn are expected + with the data Git keeps track of, which in turn are expected to be what lstat(2) and creat(2) accepts. There is no such thing as pathname encoding translation. </p> @@ -1448,9 +1448,9 @@ </li> </ul></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>Although we encourage that the commit log messages are encoded -in UTF-8, both the core and git Porcelain are designed not to +in UTF-8, both the core and Git Porcelain are designed not to force UTF-8 on projects. If all participants of a particular -project find it more convenient to use legacy encodings, git +project find it more convenient to use legacy encodings, Git does not forbid it. However, there are a few things to keep in mind.</p></div> <div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic">
diff --git a/git-status.html b/git-status.html index 8109f7e..7095a58 100644 --- a/git-status.html +++ b/git-status.html
@@ -757,7 +757,7 @@ <div class="paragraph"><p>Displays paths that have differences between the index file and the current HEAD commit, paths that have differences between the working tree and the index file, and paths in the working tree that are not -tracked by git (and are not ignored by <a href="gitignore.html">gitignore(5)</a>). The first +tracked by Git (and are not ignored by <a href="gitignore.html">gitignore(5)</a>). The first are what you <em>would</em> commit by running <code>git commit</code>; the second and third are what you <em>could</em> commit by running <em>git add</em> before running <code>git commit</code>.</p></div> @@ -796,7 +796,7 @@ <p> Give the output in an easy-to-parse format for scripts. This is similar to the short output, but will remain stable - across git versions and regardless of user configuration. See + across Git versions and regardless of user configuration. See below for details. </p> </dd> @@ -904,7 +904,7 @@ The default, long format, is designed to be human readable, verbose and descriptive. Its contents and format are subject to change at any time.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>The paths mentioned in the output, unlike many other git commands, are +<div class="paragraph"><p>The paths mentioned in the output, unlike many other Git commands, are made relative to the current directory if you are working in a subdirectory (this is on purpose, to help cutting and pasting). See the status.relativePaths config option below.</p></div> @@ -1000,7 +1000,7 @@ <div class="sect2"> <h3 id="_porcelain_format">Porcelain Format</h3> <div class="paragraph"><p>The porcelain format is similar to the short format, but is guaranteed -not to change in a backwards-incompatible way between git versions or +not to change in a backwards-incompatible way between Git versions or based on user configuration. This makes it ideal for parsing by scripts. The description of the short format above also describes the porcelain format, with a few exceptions:</p></div> @@ -1062,7 +1062,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2012-11-13 14:31:09 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/git-status.txt b/git-status.txt index 9f1ef9a..0412c40 100644 --- a/git-status.txt +++ b/git-status.txt
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ Displays paths that have differences between the index file and the current HEAD commit, paths that have differences between the working tree and the index file, and paths in the working tree that are not -tracked by git (and are not ignored by linkgit:gitignore[5]). The first +tracked by Git (and are not ignored by linkgit:gitignore[5]). The first are what you _would_ commit by running `git commit`; the second and third are what you _could_ commit by running 'git add' before running `git commit`. @@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ --porcelain:: Give the output in an easy-to-parse format for scripts. This is similar to the short output, but will remain stable - across git versions and regardless of user configuration. See + across Git versions and regardless of user configuration. See below for details. --long:: @@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ verbose and descriptive. Its contents and format are subject to change at any time. -The paths mentioned in the output, unlike many other git commands, are +The paths mentioned in the output, unlike many other Git commands, are made relative to the current directory if you are working in a subdirectory (this is on purpose, to help cutting and pasting). See the status.relativePaths config option below. @@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The porcelain format is similar to the short format, but is guaranteed -not to change in a backwards-incompatible way between git versions or +not to change in a backwards-incompatible way between Git versions or based on user configuration. This makes it ideal for parsing by scripts. The description of the short format above also describes the porcelain format, with a few exceptions:
diff --git a/git-stripspace.html b/git-stripspace.html index af29fcf..c598262 100644 --- a/git-stripspace.html +++ b/git-stripspace.html
@@ -754,7 +754,7 @@ <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> -<div class="paragraph"><p>Clean the input in the manner used by <em>git</em> for text such as commit +<div class="paragraph"><p>Clean the input in the manner used by Git for text such as commit messages, notes, tags and branch descriptions.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>With no arguments, this will:</p></div> <div class="ulist"><ul> @@ -870,7 +870,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2013-02-04 11:21:45 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/git-stripspace.txt b/git-stripspace.txt index e6fdfcb..c87bfcb 100644 --- a/git-stripspace.txt +++ b/git-stripspace.txt
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ DESCRIPTION ----------- -Clean the input in the manner used by 'git' for text such as commit +Clean the input in the manner used by Git for text such as commit messages, notes, tags and branch descriptions. With no arguments, this will:
diff --git a/git-submodule.html b/git-submodule.html index 8f1ade2..2794f72 100644 --- a/git-submodule.html +++ b/git-submodule.html
@@ -832,7 +832,7 @@ <div class="paragraph"><p><path> is the relative location for the cloned submodule to exist in the superproject. If <path> does not exist, then the submodule is created by cloning from the named URL. If <path> does -exist and is already a valid git repository, then this is added +exist and is already a valid Git repository, then this is added to the changeset without cloning. This second form is provided to ease creating a new submodule from scratch, and presumes the user will later push the submodule to the given URL.</p></div> @@ -1184,7 +1184,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2013-01-06 01:05:36 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/git-submodule.txt b/git-submodule.txt index b1996f1..a0c9df8 100644 --- a/git-submodule.txt +++ b/git-submodule.txt
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ <path> is the relative location for the cloned submodule to exist in the superproject. If <path> does not exist, then the submodule is created by cloning from the named URL. If <path> does -exist and is already a valid git repository, then this is added +exist and is already a valid Git repository, then this is added to the changeset without cloning. This second form is provided to ease creating a new submodule from scratch, and presumes the user will later push the submodule to the given URL.
diff --git a/git-svn.html b/git-svn.html index fc82c6f..f473f43 100644 --- a/git-svn.html +++ b/git-svn.html
@@ -737,7 +737,7 @@ <h2>NAME</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <p>git-svn - - Bidirectional operation between a Subversion repository and git + Bidirectional operation between a Subversion repository and Git </p> </div> </div> @@ -754,16 +754,16 @@ <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> -<div class="paragraph"><p><em>git svn</em> is a simple conduit for changesets between Subversion and git. -It provides a bidirectional flow of changes between a Subversion and a git +<div class="paragraph"><p><em>git svn</em> is a simple conduit for changesets between Subversion and Git. +It provides a bidirectional flow of changes between a Subversion and a Git repository.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p><em>git svn</em> can track a standard Subversion repository, following the common "trunk/branches/tags" layout, with the --stdlayout option. It can also follow branches and tags in any layout with the -T/-t/-b options (see options to <em>init</em> below, and also the <em>clone</em> command).</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>Once tracking a Subversion repository (with any of the above methods), the git +<div class="paragraph"><p>Once tracking a Subversion repository (with any of the above methods), the Git repository can be updated from Subversion by the <em>fetch</em> command and -Subversion updated from git by the <em>dcommit</em> command.</p></div> +Subversion updated from Git by the <em>dcommit</em> command.</p></div> </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> @@ -775,7 +775,7 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - Initializes an empty git repository with additional + Initializes an empty Git repository with additional metadata directories for <em>git svn</em>. The Subversion URL may be specified as a command-line argument, or as full URL arguments to -T/-t/-b. Optionally, the target @@ -1087,9 +1087,9 @@ Commit each diff from the current branch directly to the SVN repository, and then rebase or reset (depending on whether or not there is a diff between SVN and head). This will create - a revision in SVN for each commit in git. + a revision in SVN for each commit in Git. </p> -<div class="paragraph"><p>When an optional git branch name (or a git commit object name) +<div class="paragraph"><p>When an optional Git branch name (or a Git commit object name) is specified as an argument, the subcommand works on the specified branch, not on the current branch.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>Use of <em>dcommit</em> is preferred to <em>set-tree</em> (below).</p></div> @@ -1309,7 +1309,7 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - shows the git commit sha1, as well + shows the Git commit sha1, as well </p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"> @@ -1353,7 +1353,7 @@ <dd> <p> Produce output in the same format as <em>git blame</em>, but with - SVN revision numbers instead of git commit hashes. In this mode, + SVN revision numbers instead of Git commit hashes. In this mode, changes that haven’t been committed to SVN (including local working-copy edits) are shown as revision 0. </p> @@ -1366,7 +1366,7 @@ <dd> <p> When given an SVN revision number of the form <em>rN</em>, returns the - corresponding git commit hash (this can optionally be followed by a + corresponding Git commit hash (this can optionally be followed by a tree-ish to specify which branch should be searched). When given a tree-ish, returns the corresponding SVN revision number. </p> @@ -1433,7 +1433,7 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - Attempts to recreate empty directories that core git cannot track + Attempts to recreate empty directories that core Git cannot track based on information in $GIT_DIR/svn/<refname>/unhandled.log files. Empty directories are automatically recreated when using "git svn clone" and "git svn rebase", so "mkdirs" is intended @@ -1649,9 +1649,9 @@ </p> <div class="paragraph"><p>Remove directories from the SVN tree if there are no files left behind. SVN can version empty directories, and they are not -removed by default if there are no files left in them. git +removed by default if there are no files left in them. Git cannot version empty directories. Enabling this flag will make -the commit to SVN act like git.</p></div> +the commit to SVN act like Git.</p></div> <div class="verseblock"> <pre class="content">config key: svn.rmdir</pre> <div class="attribution"> @@ -1798,7 +1798,7 @@ This can be used with the <em>dcommit</em>, <em>rebase</em>, <em>branch</em> and <em>tag</em> commands. </p> -<div class="paragraph"><p>For <em>dcommit</em>, print out the series of git arguments that would show +<div class="paragraph"><p>For <em>dcommit</em>, print out the series of Git arguments that would show which diffs would be committed to SVN.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>For <em>rebase</em>, display the local branch associated with the upstream svn repository associated with the current branch and the URL of svn @@ -1811,7 +1811,7 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - When retrieving svn commits into git (as part of <em>fetch</em>, <em>rebase</em>, or + When retrieving svn commits into Git (as part of <em>fetch</em>, <em>rebase</em>, or <em>dcommit</em> operations), look for the first <code>From:</code> or <code>Signed-off-by:</code> line in the log message and use that as the author string. </p> @@ -1821,10 +1821,10 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - When committing to svn from git (as part of <em>commit-diff</em>, <em>set-tree</em> or <em>dcommit</em> + When committing to svn from Git (as part of <em>commit-diff</em>, <em>set-tree</em> or <em>dcommit</em> operations), if the existing log message doesn’t already have a <code>From:</code> or <code>Signed-off-by:</code> line, append a <code>From:</code> line based on the - git commit’s author string. If you use this, then <code>--use-log-author</code> + Git commit’s author string. If you use this, then <code>--use-log-author</code> will retrieve a valid author string for all commits. </p> </dd> @@ -1871,7 +1871,7 @@ one of the repository layout options --trunk, --tags, --branches, --stdlayout). For each tracked branch, try to find out where its revision was copied from, and set - a suitable parent in the first git commit for the branch. + a suitable parent in the first Git commit for the branch. This is especially helpful when we’re tracking a directory that has been moved around within the repository. If this feature is disabled, the branches created by <em>git svn</em> will all @@ -1913,7 +1913,7 @@ option for (hopefully) obvious reasons.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>This option is NOT recommended as it makes it difficult to track down old references to SVN revision numbers in existing documentation, bug -reports and archives. If you plan to eventually migrate from SVN to git +reports and archives. If you plan to eventually migrate from SVN to Git and are certain about dropping SVN history, consider <a href="git-filter-branch.html">git-filter-branch(1)</a> instead. filter-branch also allows reformatting of metadata for ease-of-reading and rewriting authorship @@ -1979,7 +1979,7 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - Similar to git’s <em>remote.<name>.pushurl</em>, this key is designed + Similar to Git’s <em>remote.<name>.pushurl</em>, this key is designed to be used in cases where <em>url</em> points to an SVN repository via a read-only transport, to provide an alternate read/write transport. It is assumed that both keys point to the same @@ -2049,15 +2049,15 @@ cd trunk # You should be on master branch, double-check with 'git branch' git branch -# Do some work and commit locally to git: +# Do some work and commit locally to Git: git commit ... # Something is committed to SVN, rebase your local changes against the # latest changes in SVN: git svn rebase -# Now commit your changes (that were committed previously using git) to SVN, +# Now commit your changes (that were committed previously using Git) to SVN, # as well as automatically updating your working HEAD: git svn dcommit -# Append svn:ignore settings to the default git exclude file: +# Append svn:ignore settings to the default Git exclude file: git svn show-ignore >> .git/info/exclude</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>Tracking and contributing to an entire Subversion-managed project @@ -2095,7 +2095,7 @@ git remote add origin server:/pub/project git config --replace-all remote.origin.fetch '+refs/remotes/*:refs/remotes/*' git fetch -# Prevent fetch/pull from remote git server in the future, +# Prevent fetch/pull from remote Git server in the future, # we only want to use git svn for future updates git config --remove-section remote.origin # Create a local branch from one of the branches just fetched @@ -2131,7 +2131,7 @@ copy history (including branches and tags) for repositories adopting a standard layout, it cannot yet represent merge history that happened inside git back upstream to SVN users. Therefore it is advised that -users keep history as linear as possible inside git to ease +users keep history as linear as possible inside Git to ease compatibility with SVN (see the CAVEATS section below).</p></div> </div> </div> @@ -2139,7 +2139,7 @@ <h2 id="_handling_of_svn_branches">HANDLING OF SVN BRANCHES</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"><p>If <em>git svn</em> is configured to fetch branches (and --follow-branches -is in effect), it sometimes creates multiple git branches for one +is in effect), it sometimes creates multiple Git branches for one SVN branch, where the addtional branches have names of the form <em>branchname@nnn</em> (with nnn an SVN revision number). These additional branches are created if <em>git svn</em> cannot find a parent commit for the @@ -2148,17 +2148,17 @@ <div class="paragraph"><p>Normally, the first commit in an SVN branch consists of a copy operation. <em>git svn</em> will read this commit to get the SVN revision the branch was created from. It will then try to find the -git commit that corresponds to this SVN revision, and use that as the +Git commit that corresponds to this SVN revision, and use that as the parent of the branch. However, it is possible that there is no suitable -git commit to serve as parent. This will happen, among other reasons, +Git commit to serve as parent. This will happen, among other reasons, if the SVN branch is a copy of a revision that was not fetched by <em>git svn</em> (e.g. because it is an old revision that was skipped with <em>--revision</em>), or if in SVN a directory was copied that is not tracked by <em>git svn</em> (such as a branch that is not tracked at all, or a subdirectory of a tracked branch). In these cases, <em>git svn</em> will still -create a git branch, but instead of using an existing git commit as the +create a Git branch, but instead of using an existing Git commit as the parent of the branch, it will read the SVN history of the directory the -branch was copied from and create appropriate git commits. This is +branch was copied from and create appropriate Git commits. This is indicated by the message "Initializing parent: <branchname>".</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>Additionally, it will create a special branch named <em><branchname>@<SVN-Revision></em>, where <SVN-Revision> is the SVN revision @@ -2166,14 +2166,14 @@ created parent commit of the branch. If in SVN the branch was deleted and later recreated from a different version, there will be multiple such branches with an <em>@</em>.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>Note that this may mean that multiple git commits are created for a +<div class="paragraph"><p>Note that this may mean that multiple Git commits are created for a single SVN revision.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>An example: in an SVN repository with a standard trunk/tags/branches layout, a directory trunk/sub is created in r.100. In r.200, trunk/sub is branched by copying it to branches/. <em>git svn -clone -s</em> will then create a branch <em>sub</em>. It will also create new git +clone -s</em> will then create a branch <em>sub</em>. It will also create new Git commits for r.100 through r.199 and use these as the history of branch -<em>sub</em>. Thus there will be two git commits for each revision from r.100 +<em>sub</em>. Thus there will be two Git commits for each revision from r.100 to r.199 (one containing trunk/, one containing trunk/sub/). Finally, it will create a branch <em>sub@200</em> pointing to the new parent commit of branch <em>sub</em> (i.e. the commit for r.200 and trunk/sub/).</p></div> @@ -2185,12 +2185,12 @@ <div class="paragraph"><p>For the sake of simplicity and interoperating with Subversion, it is recommended that all <em>git svn</em> users clone, fetch and dcommit directly from the SVN server, and avoid all <em>git clone</em>/<em>pull</em>/<em>merge</em>/<em>push</em> -operations between git repositories and branches. The recommended -method of exchanging code between git branches and users is +operations between Git repositories and branches. The recommended +method of exchanging code between Git branches and users is <em>git format-patch</em> and <em>git am</em>, or just 'dcommit’ing to the SVN repository.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>Running <em>git merge</em> or <em>git pull</em> is NOT recommended on a branch you plan to <em>dcommit</em> from because Subversion users cannot see any -merges you’ve made. Furthermore, if you merge or pull from a git branch +merges you’ve made. Furthermore, if you merge or pull from a Git branch that is a mirror of an SVN branch, <em>dcommit</em> may commit to the wrong branch.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>If you do merge, note the following rule: <em>git svn dcommit</em> will @@ -2207,7 +2207,7 @@ any <em>git svn</em> metadata, or config. So repositories created and managed with using <em>git svn</em> should use <em>rsync</em> for cloning, if cloning is to be done at all.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>Since <em>dcommit</em> uses rebase internally, any git branches you <em>git push</em> to +<div class="paragraph"><p>Since <em>dcommit</em> uses rebase internally, any Git branches you <em>git push</em> to before <em>dcommit</em> on will require forcing an overwrite of the existing ref on the remote repository. This is generally considered bad practice, see the <a href="git-push.html">git-push(1)</a> documentation for details.</p></div> @@ -2217,7 +2217,7 @@ dcommit with SVN is analogous to that.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>When cloning an SVN repository, if none of the options for describing the repository layout is used (--trunk, --tags, --branches, ---stdlayout), <em>git svn clone</em> will create a git repository with +--stdlayout), <em>git svn clone</em> will create a Git repository with completely linear history, where branches and tags appear as separate directories in the working copy. While this is the easiest way to get a copy of a complete repository, for projects with many branches it will @@ -2232,7 +2232,7 @@ <div class="paragraph"><p>When using multiple --branches or --tags, <em>git svn</em> does not automatically handle name collisions (for example, if two branches from different paths have the same name, or if a branch and a tag have the same name). In these cases, -use <em>init</em> to set up your git repository then, before your first <em>fetch</em>, edit +use <em>init</em> to set up your Git repository then, before your first <em>fetch</em>, edit the .git/config file so that the branches and tags are associated with different name spaces. For example:</p></div> <div class="literalblock"> @@ -2247,12 +2247,12 @@ <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"><p>We ignore all SVN properties except svn:executable. Any unhandled properties are logged to $GIT_DIR/svn/<refname>/unhandled.log</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>Renamed and copied directories are not detected by git and hence not +<div class="paragraph"><p>Renamed and copied directories are not detected by Git and hence not tracked when committing to SVN. I do not plan on adding support for this as it’s quite difficult and time-consuming to get working for all -the possible corner cases (git doesn’t do it, either). Committing +the possible corner cases (Git doesn’t do it, either). Committing renamed and copied files is fully supported if they’re similar enough -for git to detect them.</p></div> +for Git to detect them.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>In SVN, it is possible (though discouraged) to commit changes to a tag (because a tag is just a directory copy, thus technically the same as a branch). When cloning an SVN repository, <em>git svn</em> cannot know if such a @@ -2264,7 +2264,7 @@ <h2 id="_configuration">CONFIGURATION</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"><p><em>git svn</em> stores [svn-remote] configuration information in the -repository .git/config file. It is similar the core git +repository .git/config file. It is similar the core Git [remote] sections except <em>fetch</em> keys do not accept glob arguments; but they are instead handled by the <em>branches</em> and <em>tags</em> keys. Since some SVN repositories are oddly @@ -2316,7 +2316,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2013-01-18 13:06:16 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/git-svn.txt b/git-svn.txt index 34d438b..1b8b649 100644 --- a/git-svn.txt +++ b/git-svn.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ NAME ---- -git-svn - Bidirectional operation between a Subversion repository and git +git-svn - Bidirectional operation between a Subversion repository and Git SYNOPSIS -------- @@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ DESCRIPTION ----------- -'git svn' is a simple conduit for changesets between Subversion and git. -It provides a bidirectional flow of changes between a Subversion and a git +'git svn' is a simple conduit for changesets between Subversion and Git. +It provides a bidirectional flow of changes between a Subversion and a Git repository. 'git svn' can track a standard Subversion repository, @@ -21,15 +21,15 @@ It can also follow branches and tags in any layout with the -T/-t/-b options (see options to 'init' below, and also the 'clone' command). -Once tracking a Subversion repository (with any of the above methods), the git +Once tracking a Subversion repository (with any of the above methods), the Git repository can be updated from Subversion by the 'fetch' command and -Subversion updated from git by the 'dcommit' command. +Subversion updated from Git by the 'dcommit' command. COMMANDS -------- 'init':: - Initializes an empty git repository with additional + Initializes an empty Git repository with additional metadata directories for 'git svn'. The Subversion URL may be specified as a command-line argument, or as full URL arguments to -T/-t/-b. Optionally, the target @@ -199,9 +199,9 @@ Commit each diff from the current branch directly to the SVN repository, and then rebase or reset (depending on whether or not there is a diff between SVN and head). This will create - a revision in SVN for each commit in git. + a revision in SVN for each commit in Git. + -When an optional git branch name (or a git commit object name) +When an optional Git branch name (or a Git commit object name) is specified as an argument, the subcommand works on the specified branch, not on the current branch. + @@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ + -- --show-commit;; - shows the git commit sha1, as well + shows the Git commit sha1, as well --oneline;; our version of --pretty=oneline -- @@ -337,13 +337,13 @@ + --git-format;; Produce output in the same format as 'git blame', but with - SVN revision numbers instead of git commit hashes. In this mode, + SVN revision numbers instead of Git commit hashes. In this mode, changes that haven't been committed to SVN (including local working-copy edits) are shown as revision 0. 'find-rev':: When given an SVN revision number of the form 'rN', returns the - corresponding git commit hash (this can optionally be followed by a + corresponding Git commit hash (this can optionally be followed by a tree-ish to specify which branch should be searched). When given a tree-ish, returns the corresponding SVN revision number. + @@ -378,7 +378,7 @@ the $GIT_DIR/info/exclude file. 'mkdirs':: - Attempts to recreate empty directories that core git cannot track + Attempts to recreate empty directories that core Git cannot track based on information in $GIT_DIR/svn/<refname>/unhandled.log files. Empty directories are automatically recreated when using "git svn clone" and "git svn rebase", so "mkdirs" is intended @@ -510,9 +510,9 @@ + Remove directories from the SVN tree if there are no files left behind. SVN can version empty directories, and they are not -removed by default if there are no files left in them. git +removed by default if there are no files left in them. Git cannot version empty directories. Enabling this flag will make -the commit to SVN act like git. +the commit to SVN act like Git. + [verse] config key: svn.rmdir @@ -599,7 +599,7 @@ This can be used with the 'dcommit', 'rebase', 'branch' and 'tag' commands. + -For 'dcommit', print out the series of git arguments that would show +For 'dcommit', print out the series of Git arguments that would show which diffs would be committed to SVN. + For 'rebase', display the local branch associated with the upstream svn @@ -610,14 +610,14 @@ creating the branch or tag. --use-log-author:: - When retrieving svn commits into git (as part of 'fetch', 'rebase', or + When retrieving svn commits into Git (as part of 'fetch', 'rebase', or 'dcommit' operations), look for the first `From:` or `Signed-off-by:` line in the log message and use that as the author string. --add-author-from:: - When committing to svn from git (as part of 'commit-diff', 'set-tree' or 'dcommit' + When committing to svn from Git (as part of 'commit-diff', 'set-tree' or 'dcommit' operations), if the existing log message doesn't already have a `From:` or `Signed-off-by:` line, append a `From:` line based on the - git commit's author string. If you use this, then `--use-log-author` + Git commit's author string. If you use this, then `--use-log-author` will retrieve a valid author string for all commits. @@ -642,7 +642,7 @@ one of the repository layout options --trunk, --tags, --branches, --stdlayout). For each tracked branch, try to find out where its revision was copied from, and set - a suitable parent in the first git commit for the branch. + a suitable parent in the first Git commit for the branch. This is especially helpful when we're tracking a directory that has been moved around within the repository. If this feature is disabled, the branches created by 'git svn' will all @@ -674,7 +674,7 @@ + This option is NOT recommended as it makes it difficult to track down old references to SVN revision numbers in existing documentation, bug -reports and archives. If you plan to eventually migrate from SVN to git +reports and archives. If you plan to eventually migrate from SVN to Git and are certain about dropping SVN history, consider linkgit:git-filter-branch[1] instead. filter-branch also allows reformatting of metadata for ease-of-reading and rewriting authorship @@ -714,7 +714,7 @@ svn-remote.<name>.pushurl:: - Similar to git's 'remote.<name>.pushurl', this key is designed + Similar to Git's 'remote.<name>.pushurl', this key is designed to be used in cases where 'url' points to an SVN repository via a read-only transport, to provide an alternate read/write transport. It is assumed that both keys point to the same @@ -768,15 +768,15 @@ cd trunk # You should be on master branch, double-check with 'git branch' git branch -# Do some work and commit locally to git: +# Do some work and commit locally to Git: git commit ... # Something is committed to SVN, rebase your local changes against the # latest changes in SVN: git svn rebase -# Now commit your changes (that were committed previously using git) to SVN, +# Now commit your changes (that were committed previously using Git) to SVN, # as well as automatically updating your working HEAD: git svn dcommit -# Append svn:ignore settings to the default git exclude file: +# Append svn:ignore settings to the default Git exclude file: git svn show-ignore >> .git/info/exclude ------------------------------------------------------------------------ @@ -816,7 +816,7 @@ git remote add origin server:/pub/project git config --replace-all remote.origin.fetch '+refs/remotes/*:refs/remotes/*' git fetch -# Prevent fetch/pull from remote git server in the future, +# Prevent fetch/pull from remote Git server in the future, # we only want to use git svn for future updates git config --remove-section remote.origin # Create a local branch from one of the branches just fetched @@ -849,13 +849,13 @@ copy history (including branches and tags) for repositories adopting a standard layout, it cannot yet represent merge history that happened inside git back upstream to SVN users. Therefore it is advised that -users keep history as linear as possible inside git to ease +users keep history as linear as possible inside Git to ease compatibility with SVN (see the CAVEATS section below). HANDLING OF SVN BRANCHES ------------------------ If 'git svn' is configured to fetch branches (and --follow-branches -is in effect), it sometimes creates multiple git branches for one +is in effect), it sometimes creates multiple Git branches for one SVN branch, where the addtional branches have names of the form 'branchname@nnn' (with nnn an SVN revision number). These additional branches are created if 'git svn' cannot find a parent commit for the @@ -865,17 +865,17 @@ Normally, the first commit in an SVN branch consists of a copy operation. 'git svn' will read this commit to get the SVN revision the branch was created from. It will then try to find the -git commit that corresponds to this SVN revision, and use that as the +Git commit that corresponds to this SVN revision, and use that as the parent of the branch. However, it is possible that there is no suitable -git commit to serve as parent. This will happen, among other reasons, +Git commit to serve as parent. This will happen, among other reasons, if the SVN branch is a copy of a revision that was not fetched by 'git svn' (e.g. because it is an old revision that was skipped with '--revision'), or if in SVN a directory was copied that is not tracked by 'git svn' (such as a branch that is not tracked at all, or a subdirectory of a tracked branch). In these cases, 'git svn' will still -create a git branch, but instead of using an existing git commit as the +create a Git branch, but instead of using an existing Git commit as the parent of the branch, it will read the SVN history of the directory the -branch was copied from and create appropriate git commits. This is +branch was copied from and create appropriate Git commits. This is indicated by the message "Initializing parent: <branchname>". Additionally, it will create a special branch named @@ -885,15 +885,15 @@ and later recreated from a different version, there will be multiple such branches with an '@'. -Note that this may mean that multiple git commits are created for a +Note that this may mean that multiple Git commits are created for a single SVN revision. An example: in an SVN repository with a standard trunk/tags/branches layout, a directory trunk/sub is created in r.100. In r.200, trunk/sub is branched by copying it to branches/. 'git svn -clone -s' will then create a branch 'sub'. It will also create new git +clone -s' will then create a branch 'sub'. It will also create new Git commits for r.100 through r.199 and use these as the history of branch -'sub'. Thus there will be two git commits for each revision from r.100 +'sub'. Thus there will be two Git commits for each revision from r.100 to r.199 (one containing trunk/, one containing trunk/sub/). Finally, it will create a branch 'sub@200' pointing to the new parent commit of branch 'sub' (i.e. the commit for r.200 and trunk/sub/). @@ -904,13 +904,13 @@ For the sake of simplicity and interoperating with Subversion, it is recommended that all 'git svn' users clone, fetch and dcommit directly from the SVN server, and avoid all 'git clone'/'pull'/'merge'/'push' -operations between git repositories and branches. The recommended -method of exchanging code between git branches and users is +operations between Git repositories and branches. The recommended +method of exchanging code between Git branches and users is 'git format-patch' and 'git am', or just 'dcommit'ing to the SVN repository. Running 'git merge' or 'git pull' is NOT recommended on a branch you plan to 'dcommit' from because Subversion users cannot see any -merges you've made. Furthermore, if you merge or pull from a git branch +merges you've made. Furthermore, if you merge or pull from a Git branch that is a mirror of an SVN branch, 'dcommit' may commit to the wrong branch. @@ -929,7 +929,7 @@ using 'git svn' should use 'rsync' for cloning, if cloning is to be done at all. -Since 'dcommit' uses rebase internally, any git branches you 'git push' to +Since 'dcommit' uses rebase internally, any Git branches you 'git push' to before 'dcommit' on will require forcing an overwrite of the existing ref on the remote repository. This is generally considered bad practice, see the linkgit:git-push[1] documentation for details. @@ -941,7 +941,7 @@ When cloning an SVN repository, if none of the options for describing the repository layout is used (--trunk, --tags, --branches, ---stdlayout), 'git svn clone' will create a git repository with +--stdlayout), 'git svn clone' will create a Git repository with completely linear history, where branches and tags appear as separate directories in the working copy. While this is the easiest way to get a copy of a complete repository, for projects with many branches it will @@ -957,7 +957,7 @@ When using multiple --branches or --tags, 'git svn' does not automatically handle name collisions (for example, if two branches from different paths have the same name, or if a branch and a tag have the same name). In these cases, -use 'init' to set up your git repository then, before your first 'fetch', edit +use 'init' to set up your Git repository then, before your first 'fetch', edit the .git/config file so that the branches and tags are associated with different name spaces. For example: @@ -970,12 +970,12 @@ We ignore all SVN properties except svn:executable. Any unhandled properties are logged to $GIT_DIR/svn/<refname>/unhandled.log -Renamed and copied directories are not detected by git and hence not +Renamed and copied directories are not detected by Git and hence not tracked when committing to SVN. I do not plan on adding support for this as it's quite difficult and time-consuming to get working for all -the possible corner cases (git doesn't do it, either). Committing +the possible corner cases (Git doesn't do it, either). Committing renamed and copied files is fully supported if they're similar enough -for git to detect them. +for Git to detect them. In SVN, it is possible (though discouraged) to commit changes to a tag (because a tag is just a directory copy, thus technically the same as a @@ -987,7 +987,7 @@ ------------- 'git svn' stores [svn-remote] configuration information in the -repository .git/config file. It is similar the core git +repository .git/config file. It is similar the core Git [remote] sections except 'fetch' keys do not accept glob arguments; but they are instead handled by the 'branches' and 'tags' keys. Since some SVN repositories are oddly
diff --git a/git-tag.html b/git-tag.html index 5d08b55..afc38bb 100644 --- a/git-tag.html +++ b/git-tag.html
@@ -1072,7 +1072,7 @@ </div></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>In such a case, you do not want to automatically follow the other person’s tags.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>One important aspect of git is its distributed nature, which +<div class="paragraph"><p>One important aspect of Git is its distributed nature, which largely means there is no inherent "upstream" or "downstream" in the system. On the face of it, the above example might seem to indicate that the tag namespace is owned @@ -1178,7 +1178,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2012-12-21 15:43:34 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/git-tag.txt b/git-tag.txt index 6470cff..e3032c4 100644 --- a/git-tag.txt +++ b/git-tag.txt
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ In such a case, you do not want to automatically follow the other person's tags. -One important aspect of git is its distributed nature, which +One important aspect of Git is its distributed nature, which largely means there is no inherent "upstream" or "downstream" in the system. On the face of it, the above example might seem to indicate that the tag namespace is owned
diff --git a/git-tools.html b/git-tools.html index e2b8935..c07ecae 100644 --- a/git-tools.html +++ b/git-tools.html
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="application/xhtml+xml; charset=UTF-8" /> <meta name="generator" content="AsciiDoc 8.6.8" /> -<title>A short git tools survey</title> +<title>A short Git tools survey</title> <style type="text/css"> /* Shared CSS for AsciiDoc xhtml11 and html5 backends */ @@ -731,13 +731,13 @@ </head> <body class="article"> <div id="header"> -<h1>A short git tools survey</h1> +<h1>A short Git tools survey</h1> </div> <div id="content"> <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_introduction">Introduction</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> -<div class="paragraph"><p>Apart from git contrib/ area there are some others third-party tools +<div class="paragraph"><p>Apart from Git contrib/ area there are some others third-party tools you may want to look.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>This document presents a brief summary of each tool and the corresponding link.</p></div> @@ -753,15 +753,15 @@ </p> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> -<pre><code>Cogito is a version control system layered on top of the git tree history +<pre><code>Cogito is a version control system layered on top of the Git tree history storage system. It aims at seamless user interface and ease of use, -providing generally smoother user experience than the "raw" Core GIT +providing generally smoother user experience than the "raw" Core Git itself and indeed many other version control systems.</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>Cogito is no longer maintained as most of its functionality -is now in core GIT.</code></pre> +is now in core Git.</code></pre> </div></div> </li> <li> @@ -770,8 +770,8 @@ </p> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> -<pre><code>pg is a shell script wrapper around GIT to help the user manage a set of -patches to files. pg is somewhat like quilt or StGIT, but it does have a +<pre><code>pg is a shell script wrapper around Git to help the user manage a set of +patches to files. pg is somewhat like quilt or StGit, but it does have a slightly different feature set.</code></pre> </div></div> </li> @@ -781,8 +781,8 @@ </p> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> -<pre><code>Stacked GIT provides a quilt-like patch management functionality in the -GIT environment. You can easily manage your patches in the scope of GIT +<pre><code>Stacked Git provides a quilt-like patch management functionality in the +Git environment. You can easily manage your patches in the scope of Git until they get merged upstream.</code></pre> </div></div> </li> @@ -799,7 +799,7 @@ </p> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> -<pre><code>gitk is a simple Tk GUI for browsing history of GIT repositories easily.</code></pre> +<pre><code>gitk is a simple Tk GUI for browsing history of Git repositories easily.</code></pre> </div></div> </li> <li> @@ -808,7 +808,7 @@ </p> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> -<pre><code>gitview is a GTK based repository browser for git</code></pre> +<pre><code>gitview is a GTK based repository browser for Git</code></pre> </div></div> </li> <li> @@ -817,7 +817,7 @@ </p> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> -<pre><code>GITweb provides full-fledged web interface for GIT repositories.</code></pre> +<pre><code>Gitweb provides full-fledged web interface for Git repositories.</code></pre> </div></div> </li> <li> @@ -826,10 +826,10 @@ </p> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> -<pre><code>QGit is a git/StGIT GUI viewer built on Qt/C++. QGit could be used +<pre><code>QGit is a git/StGit GUI viewer built on Qt/C++. QGit could be used to browse history and directory tree, view annotated files, commit changes cherry picking single files or applying patches. -Currently it is the fastest and most feature rich among the git +Currently it is the fastest and most feature rich among the Git viewers and commit tools.</code></pre> </div></div> </li> @@ -839,10 +839,10 @@ </p> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> -<pre><code>tig by Jonas Fonseca is a simple git repository browser +<pre><code>tig by Jonas Fonseca is a simple Git repository browser written using ncurses. Basically, it just acts as a front-end for git-log and git-show/git-diff. Additionally, you can also -use it as a pager for git commands.</code></pre> +use it as a pager for Git commands.</code></pre> </div></div> </li> </ul></div> @@ -859,7 +859,7 @@ <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>git-svn is a simple conduit for changesets between a single Subversion -branch and git.</code></pre> +branch and Git.</code></pre> </div></div> </li> <li> @@ -869,7 +869,7 @@ <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>These utilities convert patch series in a quilt repository and commit -series in git back and forth.</code></pre> +series in Git back and forth.</code></pre> </div></div> </li> <li> @@ -878,9 +878,9 @@ </p> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> -<pre><code>hg-to-git converts a Mercurial repository into a git one, and +<pre><code>hg-to-git converts a Mercurial repository into a Git one, and preserves the full branch history in the process. hg-to-git can -also be used in an incremental way to keep the git repository +also be used in an incremental way to keep the Git repository in sync with the master Mercurial repository.</code></pre> </div></div> </li> @@ -897,7 +897,7 @@ </p> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> -<pre><code>Commit Tool or (h)gct is a GUI enabled commit tool for git and +<pre><code>Commit Tool or (h)gct is a GUI enabled commit tool for Git and Mercurial (hg). It allows the user to view diffs, select which files to committed (or ignored / reverted) write commit messages and perform the commit itself.</code></pre> @@ -909,7 +909,7 @@ </p> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> -<pre><code>This is an Emacs interface for git. The user interface is modeled on +<pre><code>This is an Emacs interface for Git. The user interface is modeled on pcl-cvs. It has been developed on Emacs 21 and will probably need some tweaking to work on XEmacs.</code></pre> </div></div> @@ -923,7 +923,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2011-11-15 13:45:02 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/git-tools.txt b/git-tools.txt index a96403c..ad8b823 100644 --- a/git-tools.txt +++ b/git-tools.txt
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -A short git tools survey +A short Git tools survey ======================== Introduction ------------ -Apart from git contrib/ area there are some others third-party tools +Apart from Git contrib/ area there are some others third-party tools you may want to look. This document presents a brief summary of each tool and the corresponding @@ -17,26 +17,26 @@ - *Cogito* (http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/cogito/) - Cogito is a version control system layered on top of the git tree history + Cogito is a version control system layered on top of the Git tree history storage system. It aims at seamless user interface and ease of use, - providing generally smoother user experience than the "raw" Core GIT + providing generally smoother user experience than the "raw" Core Git itself and indeed many other version control systems. Cogito is no longer maintained as most of its functionality - is now in core GIT. + is now in core Git. - *pg* (http://www.spearce.org/category/projects/scm/pg/) - pg is a shell script wrapper around GIT to help the user manage a set of - patches to files. pg is somewhat like quilt or StGIT, but it does have a + pg is a shell script wrapper around Git to help the user manage a set of + patches to files. pg is somewhat like quilt or StGit, but it does have a slightly different feature set. - *StGit* (http://www.procode.org/stgit/) - Stacked GIT provides a quilt-like patch management functionality in the - GIT environment. You can easily manage your patches in the scope of GIT + Stacked Git provides a quilt-like patch management functionality in the + Git environment. You can easily manage your patches in the scope of Git until they get merged upstream. @@ -45,33 +45,33 @@ - *gitk* (shipped with git-core) - gitk is a simple Tk GUI for browsing history of GIT repositories easily. + gitk is a simple Tk GUI for browsing history of Git repositories easily. - *gitview* (contrib/) - gitview is a GTK based repository browser for git + gitview is a GTK based repository browser for Git - *gitweb* (shipped with git-core) - GITweb provides full-fledged web interface for GIT repositories. + Gitweb provides full-fledged web interface for Git repositories. - *qgit* (http://digilander.libero.it/mcostalba/) - QGit is a git/StGIT GUI viewer built on Qt/C++. QGit could be used + QGit is a git/StGit GUI viewer built on Qt/C++. QGit could be used to browse history and directory tree, view annotated files, commit changes cherry picking single files or applying patches. - Currently it is the fastest and most feature rich among the git + Currently it is the fastest and most feature rich among the Git viewers and commit tools. - *tig* (http://jonas.nitro.dk/tig/) - tig by Jonas Fonseca is a simple git repository browser + tig by Jonas Fonseca is a simple Git repository browser written using ncurses. Basically, it just acts as a front-end for git-log and git-show/git-diff. Additionally, you can also - use it as a pager for git commands. + use it as a pager for Git commands. Foreign SCM interface @@ -80,20 +80,20 @@ - *git-svn* (shipped with git-core) git-svn is a simple conduit for changesets between a single Subversion - branch and git. + branch and Git. - *quilt2git / git2quilt* (http://home-tj.org/wiki/index.php/Misc) These utilities convert patch series in a quilt repository and commit - series in git back and forth. + series in Git back and forth. - *hg-to-git* (contrib/) - hg-to-git converts a Mercurial repository into a git one, and + hg-to-git converts a Mercurial repository into a Git one, and preserves the full branch history in the process. hg-to-git can - also be used in an incremental way to keep the git repository + also be used in an incremental way to keep the Git repository in sync with the master Mercurial repository. @@ -102,14 +102,14 @@ - *(h)gct* (http://www.cyd.liu.se/users/~freku045/gct/) - Commit Tool or (h)gct is a GUI enabled commit tool for git and + Commit Tool or (h)gct is a GUI enabled commit tool for Git and Mercurial (hg). It allows the user to view diffs, select which files to committed (or ignored / reverted) write commit messages and perform the commit itself. - *git.el* (contrib/) - This is an Emacs interface for git. The user interface is modeled on + This is an Emacs interface for Git. The user interface is modeled on pcl-cvs. It has been developed on Emacs 21 and will probably need some tweaking to work on XEmacs.
diff --git a/git-update-index.html b/git-update-index.html index 8e32deb..4246a08 100644 --- a/git-update-index.html +++ b/git-update-index.html
@@ -880,10 +880,10 @@ When these flags are specified, the object names recorded for the paths are not updated. Instead, these options set and unset the "assume unchanged" bit for the - paths. When the "assume unchanged" bit is on, git stops + paths. When the "assume unchanged" bit is on, Git stops checking the working tree files for possible modifications, so you need to manually unset the bit to - tell git when you change the working tree file. This is + tell Git when you change the working tree file. This is sometimes helpful when working with a big project on a filesystem that has very slow lstat(2) system call (e.g. cifs). @@ -1126,18 +1126,18 @@ <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_using_8220_assume_unchanged_8221_bit">Using “assume unchanged” bit</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> -<div class="paragraph"><p>Many operations in git depend on your filesystem to have an +<div class="paragraph"><p>Many operations in Git depend on your filesystem to have an efficient <code>lstat(2)</code> implementation, so that <code>st_mtime</code> information for working tree files can be cheaply checked to see if the file contents have changed from the version recorded in the index file. Unfortunately, some filesystems have inefficient <code>lstat(2)</code>. If your filesystem is one of them, you can set "assume unchanged" bit to paths you have not changed to -cause git not to do this check. Note that setting this bit on a -path does not mean git will check the contents of the file to -see if it has changed — it makes git to omit any checking and +cause Git not to do this check. Note that setting this bit on a +path does not mean Git will check the contents of the file to +see if it has changed — it makes Git to omit any checking and assume it has <strong>not</strong> changed. When you make changes to working -tree files, you have to explicitly tell git about it by dropping +tree files, you have to explicitly tell Git about it by dropping "assume unchanged" bit, either before or after you modify them.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>In order to set "assume unchanged" bit, use <code>--assume-unchanged</code> option. To unset, use <code>--no-assume-unchanged</code>. To see which files @@ -1145,7 +1145,7 @@ (see <a href="git-ls-files.html">git-ls-files(1)</a>).</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>The command looks at <code>core.ignorestat</code> configuration variable. When this is true, paths updated with <code>git update-index paths...</code> and -paths updated with other git commands that update both index and +paths updated with other Git commands that update both index and working tree (e.g. <em>git apply --index</em>, <em>git checkout-index -u</em>, and <em>git read-tree -u</em>) are automatically marked as "assume unchanged". Note that "assume unchanged" bit is <strong>not</strong> set if @@ -1293,7 +1293,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2012-05-02 15:00:44 PDT +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/git-update-index.txt b/git-update-index.txt index 9d0b151..77a912d 100644 --- a/git-update-index.txt +++ b/git-update-index.txt
@@ -82,10 +82,10 @@ When these flags are specified, the object names recorded for the paths are not updated. Instead, these options set and unset the "assume unchanged" bit for the - paths. When the "assume unchanged" bit is on, git stops + paths. When the "assume unchanged" bit is on, Git stops checking the working tree files for possible modifications, so you need to manually unset the bit to - tell git when you change the working tree file. This is + tell Git when you change the working tree file. This is sometimes helpful when working with a big project on a filesystem that has very slow lstat(2) system call (e.g. cifs). @@ -253,18 +253,18 @@ Using ``assume unchanged'' bit ------------------------------ -Many operations in git depend on your filesystem to have an +Many operations in Git depend on your filesystem to have an efficient `lstat(2)` implementation, so that `st_mtime` information for working tree files can be cheaply checked to see if the file contents have changed from the version recorded in the index file. Unfortunately, some filesystems have inefficient `lstat(2)`. If your filesystem is one of them, you can set "assume unchanged" bit to paths you have not changed to -cause git not to do this check. Note that setting this bit on a -path does not mean git will check the contents of the file to -see if it has changed -- it makes git to omit any checking and +cause Git not to do this check. Note that setting this bit on a +path does not mean Git will check the contents of the file to +see if it has changed -- it makes Git to omit any checking and assume it has *not* changed. When you make changes to working -tree files, you have to explicitly tell git about it by dropping +tree files, you have to explicitly tell Git about it by dropping "assume unchanged" bit, either before or after you modify them. In order to set "assume unchanged" bit, use `--assume-unchanged` @@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ The command looks at `core.ignorestat` configuration variable. When this is true, paths updated with `git update-index paths...` and -paths updated with other git commands that update both index and +paths updated with other Git commands that update both index and working tree (e.g. 'git apply --index', 'git checkout-index -u', and 'git read-tree -u') are automatically marked as "assume unchanged". Note that "assume unchanged" bit is *not* set if
diff --git a/git-update-ref.html b/git-update-ref.html index e34971a..55810e1 100644 --- a/git-update-ref.html +++ b/git-update-ref.html
@@ -814,7 +814,7 @@ <div class="paragraph"><p>Where "oldsha1" is the 40 character hexadecimal value previously stored in <ref>, "newsha1" is the 40 character hexadecimal value of <newvalue> and "committer" is the committer’s name, email address -and date in the standard GIT committer ident format.</p></div> +and date in the standard Git committer ident format.</p></div> </li> </ol></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>Optionally with -m:</p></div> @@ -842,7 +842,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2011-11-15 13:45:02 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/git-update-ref.txt b/git-update-ref.txt index d377a35..0df13ff 100644 --- a/git-update-ref.txt +++ b/git-update-ref.txt
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ Where "oldsha1" is the 40 character hexadecimal value previously stored in <ref>, "newsha1" is the 40 character hexadecimal value of <newvalue> and "committer" is the committer's name, email address -and date in the standard GIT committer ident format. +and date in the standard Git committer ident format. Optionally with -m:
diff --git a/git-upload-archive.html b/git-upload-archive.html index 8c9ff39..f54c196 100644 --- a/git-upload-archive.html +++ b/git-upload-archive.html
@@ -755,7 +755,7 @@ <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"><p>Invoked by <em>git archive --remote</em> and sends a generated archive to the -other end over the git protocol.</p></div> +other end over the Git protocol.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>This command is usually not invoked directly by the end user. The UI for the protocol is on the <em>git archive</em> side, and the program pair is meant to be used to get an archive from a remote repository.</p></div> @@ -786,7 +786,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2011-11-15 13:45:02 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/git-upload-archive.txt b/git-upload-archive.txt index 4d52d38..d09bbb5 100644 --- a/git-upload-archive.txt +++ b/git-upload-archive.txt
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ DESCRIPTION ----------- Invoked by 'git archive --remote' and sends a generated archive to the -other end over the git protocol. +other end over the Git protocol. This command is usually not invoked directly by the end user. The UI for the protocol is on the 'git archive' side, and the program pair
diff --git a/git-upload-pack.html b/git-upload-pack.html index 6fd6c16..4adf8e5 100644 --- a/git-upload-pack.html +++ b/git-upload-pack.html
@@ -771,7 +771,7 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - Do not try <directory>/.git/ if <directory> is no git directory. + Do not try <directory>/.git/ if <directory> is no Git directory. </p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"> @@ -809,7 +809,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2011-11-15 13:45:02 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/git-upload-pack.txt b/git-upload-pack.txt index 71f1608..0abc806 100644 --- a/git-upload-pack.txt +++ b/git-upload-pack.txt
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ ------- --strict:: - Do not try <directory>/.git/ if <directory> is no git directory. + Do not try <directory>/.git/ if <directory> is no Git directory. --timeout=<n>:: Interrupt transfer after <n> seconds of inactivity.
diff --git a/git-var.html b/git-var.html index 3270dac..052d37c 100644 --- a/git-var.html +++ b/git-var.html
@@ -737,7 +737,7 @@ <h2>NAME</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <p>git-var - - Show a git logical variable + Show a Git logical variable </p> </div> </div> @@ -754,7 +754,7 @@ <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> -<div class="paragraph"><p>Prints a git logical variable.</p></div> +<div class="paragraph"><p>Prints a Git logical variable.</p></div> </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> @@ -767,7 +767,7 @@ <dd> <p> Cause the logical variables to be listed. In addition, all the - variables of the git configuration file .git/config are listed + variables of the Git configuration file .git/config are listed as well. (However, the configuration variables listing functionality is deprecated in favor of <code>git config -l</code>.) </p> @@ -802,7 +802,7 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - The person who put a piece of code into git. + The person who put a piece of code into Git. </p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"> @@ -810,7 +810,7 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - Text editor for use by git commands. The value is meant to be + Text editor for use by Git commands. The value is meant to be interpreted by the shell when it is used. Examples: <code>~/bin/vi</code>, <code>$SOME_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE</code>, <code>"C:\Program Files\Vim\gvim.exe" --nofork</code>. The order of preference is the <code>$GIT_EDITOR</code> @@ -824,7 +824,7 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - Text viewer for use by git commands (e.g., <em>less</em>). The value + Text viewer for use by Git commands (e.g., <em>less</em>). The value is meant to be interpreted by the shell. The order of preference is the <code>$GIT_PAGER</code> environment variable, then <code>core.pager</code> configuration, then <code>$PAGER</code>, and then the default chosen at @@ -852,7 +852,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2012-05-30 14:00:59 PDT +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/git-var.txt b/git-var.txt index 67edf58..44ff954 100644 --- a/git-var.txt +++ b/git-var.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ NAME ---- -git-var - Show a git logical variable +git-var - Show a Git logical variable SYNOPSIS @@ -13,13 +13,13 @@ DESCRIPTION ----------- -Prints a git logical variable. +Prints a Git logical variable. OPTIONS ------- -l:: Cause the logical variables to be listed. In addition, all the - variables of the git configuration file .git/config are listed + variables of the Git configuration file .git/config are listed as well. (However, the configuration variables listing functionality is deprecated in favor of `git config -l`.) @@ -35,10 +35,10 @@ The author of a piece of code. GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT:: - The person who put a piece of code into git. + The person who put a piece of code into Git. GIT_EDITOR:: - Text editor for use by git commands. The value is meant to be + Text editor for use by Git commands. The value is meant to be interpreted by the shell when it is used. Examples: `~/bin/vi`, `$SOME_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE`, `"C:\Program Files\Vim\gvim.exe" --nofork`. The order of preference is the `$GIT_EDITOR` @@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ endif::git-default-editor[] GIT_PAGER:: - Text viewer for use by git commands (e.g., 'less'). The value + Text viewer for use by Git commands (e.g., 'less'). The value is meant to be interpreted by the shell. The order of preference is the `$GIT_PAGER` environment variable, then `core.pager` configuration, then `$PAGER`, and then the default chosen at
diff --git a/git-verify-pack.html b/git-verify-pack.html index ccd7371..ad4f8ef 100644 --- a/git-verify-pack.html +++ b/git-verify-pack.html
@@ -737,7 +737,7 @@ <h2>NAME</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <p>git-verify-pack - - Validate packed git archive files + Validate packed Git archive files </p> </div> </div> @@ -754,7 +754,7 @@ <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> -<div class="paragraph"><p>Reads given idx file for packed git archive created with the +<div class="paragraph"><p>Reads given idx file for packed Git archive created with the <em>git pack-objects</em> command and verifies idx file and the corresponding pack file.</p></div> </div> @@ -832,7 +832,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2011-11-15 13:45:02 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/git-verify-pack.txt b/git-verify-pack.txt index cd23076..0eb9ffb 100644 --- a/git-verify-pack.txt +++ b/git-verify-pack.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ NAME ---- -git-verify-pack - Validate packed git archive files +git-verify-pack - Validate packed Git archive files SYNOPSIS @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ DESCRIPTION ----------- -Reads given idx file for packed git archive created with the +Reads given idx file for packed Git archive created with the 'git pack-objects' command and verifies idx file and the corresponding pack file.
diff --git a/git-verify-tag.html b/git-verify-tag.html index f882341..c7337aa 100644 --- a/git-verify-tag.html +++ b/git-verify-tag.html
@@ -777,7 +777,7 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - SHA1 identifiers of git tag objects. + SHA1 identifiers of Git tag objects. </p> </dd> </dl></div> @@ -793,7 +793,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2011-11-15 13:45:02 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/git-verify-tag.txt b/git-verify-tag.txt index 5ff76e8..e996135 100644 --- a/git-verify-tag.txt +++ b/git-verify-tag.txt
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ Print the contents of the tag object before validating it. <tag>...:: - SHA1 identifiers of git tag objects. + SHA1 identifiers of Git tag objects. GIT ---
diff --git a/git-web--browse.html b/git-web--browse.html index 669b776..4605345 100644 --- a/git-web--browse.html +++ b/git-web--browse.html
@@ -737,7 +737,7 @@ <h2>NAME</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <p>git-web--browse - - git helper script to launch a web browser + Git helper script to launch a web browser </p> </div> </div> @@ -873,7 +873,7 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - CONF.VAR is looked up in the git config files. If it’s set, + CONF.VAR is looked up in the Git config files. If it’s set, then its value specifies the browser that should be used. </p> </dd> @@ -950,7 +950,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2011-11-15 13:45:02 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/git-web--browse.txt b/git-web--browse.txt index c2bc87b..ba79cb4 100644 --- a/git-web--browse.txt +++ b/git-web--browse.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ NAME ---- -git-web--browse - git helper script to launch a web browser +git-web--browse - Git helper script to launch a web browser SYNOPSIS -------- @@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ -c <conf.var>:: --config=<conf.var>:: - CONF.VAR is looked up in the git config files. If it's set, + CONF.VAR is looked up in the Git config files. If it's set, then its value specifies the browser that should be used. CONFIGURATION VARIABLES
diff --git a/git-whatchanged.html b/git-whatchanged.html index d2beace..11aea47 100644 --- a/git-whatchanged.html +++ b/git-whatchanged.html
@@ -770,7 +770,7 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - Show textual diffs, instead of the git internal diff + Show textual diffs, instead of the Git internal diff output format that is useful only to tell the changed paths and their nature of changes. </p> @@ -797,7 +797,7 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - Show git internal diff output, but for the whole tree, + Show Git internal diff output, but for the whole tree, not just the top level. </p> </dd> @@ -1434,7 +1434,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2012-05-02 15:00:44 PDT +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/git-whatchanged.txt b/git-whatchanged.txt index 6c8f510..c600b61 100644 --- a/git-whatchanged.txt +++ b/git-whatchanged.txt
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ OPTIONS ------- -p:: - Show textual diffs, instead of the git internal diff + Show textual diffs, instead of the Git internal diff output format that is useful only to tell the changed paths and their nature of changes. @@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ exclusive, top inclusive). -r:: - Show git internal diff output, but for the whole tree, + Show Git internal diff output, but for the whole tree, not just the top level. -m::
diff --git a/git.html b/git.html index b1c2ca1..35626cb 100644 --- a/git.html +++ b/git.html
@@ -766,10 +766,10 @@ commands. The <a href="user-manual.html">Git User’s Manual</a> has a more in-depth introduction.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>After you mastered the basic concepts, you can come back to this -page to learn what commands git offers. You can learn more about -individual git commands with "git help command". <a href="gitcli.html">gitcli(7)</a> +page to learn what commands Git offers. You can learn more about +individual Git commands with "git help command". <a href="gitcli.html">gitcli(7)</a> manual page gives you an overview of the command line command syntax.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>Formatted and hyperlinked version of the latest git documentation +<div class="paragraph"><p>Formatted and hyperlinked version of the latest Git documentation can be viewed at <code>http://git-htmldocs.googlecode.com/git/git.html</code>.</p></div> </div> </div> @@ -782,7 +782,7 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - Prints the git suite version that the <em>git</em> program came from. + Prints the Git suite version that the <em>git</em> program came from. </p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"> @@ -792,7 +792,7 @@ <p> Prints the synopsis and a list of the most commonly used commands. If the option <em>--all</em> or <em>-a</em> is given then all - available commands are printed. If a git command is named this + available commands are printed. If a Git command is named this option will bring up the manual page for that command. </p> <div class="paragraph"><p>Other options are available to control how the manual page is @@ -816,7 +816,7 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - Path to wherever your core git programs are installed. + Path to wherever your core Git programs are installed. This can also be controlled by setting the GIT_EXEC_PATH environment variable. If no path is given, <em>git</em> will print the current setting and then exit. @@ -827,7 +827,7 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - Print the path, without trailing slash, where git’s HTML + Print the path, without trailing slash, where Git’s HTML documentation is installed and exit. </p> </dd> @@ -837,7 +837,7 @@ <dd> <p> Print the manpath (see <code>man(1)</code>) for the man pages for - this version of git and exit. + this version of Git and exit. </p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"> @@ -846,7 +846,7 @@ <dd> <p> Print the path where the Info files documenting this - version of git are installed and exit. + version of Git are installed and exit. </p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"> @@ -868,7 +868,7 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - Do not pipe git output into a pager. + Do not pipe Git output into a pager. </p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"> @@ -899,7 +899,7 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - Set the git namespace. See <a href="gitnamespaces.html">gitnamespaces(7)</a> for more + Set the Git namespace. See <a href="gitnamespaces.html">gitnamespaces(7)</a> for more details. Equivalent to setting the <code>GIT_NAMESPACE</code> environment variable. </p> @@ -919,7 +919,7 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - Do not use replacement refs to replace git objects. See + Do not use replacement refs to replace Git objects. See <a href="git-replace.html">git-replace(1)</a> for more information. </p> </dd> @@ -939,7 +939,7 @@ <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_git_commands">GIT COMMANDS</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> -<div class="paragraph"><p>We divide git into high level ("porcelain") commands and low level +<div class="paragraph"><p>We divide Git into high level ("porcelain") commands and low level ("plumbing") commands.</p></div> </div> </div> @@ -1108,7 +1108,7 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - Create an empty git repository or reinitialize an existing one. + Create an empty Git repository or reinitialize an existing one. </p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"> @@ -1244,7 +1244,7 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - The git repository browser. + The Git repository browser. </p> </dd> </dl></div> @@ -1429,7 +1429,7 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - display help information about git. + Display help information about Git. </p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"> @@ -1508,7 +1508,7 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - Import an Arch repository into git. + Import an Arch repository into Git. </p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"> @@ -1532,7 +1532,7 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - A CVS server emulator for git. + A CVS server emulator for Git. </p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"> @@ -1580,7 +1580,7 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - Bidirectional operation between a Subversion repository and git. + Bidirectional operation between a Subversion repository and Git. </p> </dd> </dl></div> @@ -1590,7 +1590,7 @@ <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_low_level_commands_plumbing">Low-level commands (plumbing)</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> -<div class="paragraph"><p>Although git includes its +<div class="paragraph"><p>Although Git includes its own porcelain layer, its low-level commands are sufficient to support development of alternative porcelains. Developers of such porcelains might start by reading about <a href="git-update-index.html">git-update-index(1)</a> and @@ -1883,7 +1883,7 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - Show a git logical variable. + Show a Git logical variable. </p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"> @@ -1891,7 +1891,7 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - Validate packed git archive files. + Validate packed Git archive files. </p> </dd> </dl></div> @@ -1906,7 +1906,7 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - A really simple server for git repositories. + A really simple server for Git repositories. </p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"> @@ -1930,7 +1930,7 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - Push objects over git protocol to another repository. + Push objects over Git protocol to another repository. </p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"> @@ -1950,7 +1950,7 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - Download from a remote git repository via HTTP. + Download from a remote Git repository via HTTP. </p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"> @@ -2125,7 +2125,7 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - Common git shell script setup code. + Common Git shell script setup code. </p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"> @@ -2250,7 +2250,7 @@ <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_symbolic_identifiers">Symbolic Identifiers</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> -<div class="paragraph"><p>Any git command accepting any <object> can also use the following +<div class="paragraph"><p>Any Git command accepting any <object> can also use the following symbolic notation:</p></div> <div class="dlist"><dl> <dt class="hdlist1"> @@ -2302,12 +2302,12 @@ <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_environment_variables">Environment Variables</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> -<div class="paragraph"><p>Various git commands use the following environment variables:</p></div> +<div class="paragraph"><p>Various Git commands use the following environment variables:</p></div> <div class="sect2"> -<h3 id="_the_git_repository">The git Repository</h3> -<div class="paragraph"><p>These environment variables apply to <em>all</em> core git commands. Nb: it +<h3 id="_the_git_repository">The Git Repository</h3> +<div class="paragraph"><p>These environment variables apply to <em>all</em> core Git commands. Nb: it is worth noting that they may be used/overridden by SCMS sitting above -git so take care if using Cogito etc.</p></div> +Git so take care if using Cogito etc.</p></div> <div class="dlist"><dl> <dt class="hdlist1"> <em>GIT_INDEX_FILE</em> @@ -2335,10 +2335,10 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - Due to the immutable nature of git objects, old objects can be + Due to the immutable nature of Git objects, old objects can be archived into shared, read-only directories. This variable specifies a ":" separated (on Windows ";" separated) list - of git object directories which can be used to search for git + of Git object directories which can be used to search for Git objects. New objects will not be written to these directories. </p> </dd> @@ -2370,7 +2370,7 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - Set the git namespace; see <a href="gitnamespaces.html">gitnamespaces(7)</a> for details. + Set the Git namespace; see <a href="gitnamespaces.html">gitnamespaces(7)</a> for details. The <em>--namespace</em> command-line option also sets this value. </p> </dd> @@ -2380,7 +2380,7 @@ <dd> <p> This should be a colon-separated list of absolute paths. - If set, it is a list of directories that git should not chdir + If set, it is a list of directories that Git should not chdir up into while looking for a repository directory. It will not exclude the current working directory or a GIT_DIR set on the command line or in the environment. @@ -2393,10 +2393,10 @@ <dd> <p> When run in a directory that does not have ".git" repository - directory, git tries to find such a directory in the parent + directory, Git tries to find such a directory in the parent directories to find the top of the working tree, but by default it does not cross filesystem boundaries. This environment variable - can be set to true to tell git not to stop at filesystem + can be set to true to tell Git not to stop at filesystem boundaries. Like <em>GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES</em>, this will not affect an explicit repository directory set via <em>GIT_DIR</em> or on the command line. @@ -2405,7 +2405,7 @@ </dl></div> </div> <div class="sect2"> -<h3 id="_git_commits">git Commits</h3> +<h3 id="_git_commits">Git Commits</h3> <div class="dlist"><dl> <dt class="hdlist1"> <em>GIT_AUTHOR_NAME</em> @@ -2436,7 +2436,7 @@ </dl></div> </div> <div class="sect2"> -<h3 id="_git_diffs">git Diffs</h3> +<h3 id="_git_diffs">Git Diffs</h3> <div class="dlist"><dl> <dt class="hdlist1"> <em>GIT_DIFF_OPTS</em> @@ -2446,7 +2446,7 @@ Only valid setting is "--unified=??" or "-u??" to set the number of context lines shown when a unified diff is created. This takes precedence over any "-U" or "--unified" option - value passed on the git diff command line. + value passed on the Git diff command line. </p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"> @@ -2518,7 +2518,7 @@ <dd> <p> This environment variable overrides <code>$PAGER</code>. If it is set - to an empty string or to the value "cat", git will not launch + to an empty string or to the value "cat", Git will not launch a pager. See also the <code>core.pager</code> option in <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>. </p> @@ -2529,7 +2529,7 @@ <dd> <p> This environment variable overrides <code>$EDITOR</code> and <code>$VISUAL</code>. - It is used by several git commands when, on interactive mode, + It is used by several Git commands when, on interactive mode, an editor is to be launched. See also <a href="git-var.html">git-var(1)</a> and the <code>core.editor</code> option in <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>. </p> @@ -2558,7 +2558,7 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - If this environment variable is set, then git commands which need to + If this environment variable is set, then Git commands which need to acquire passwords or passphrases (e.g. for HTTP or IMAP authentication) will call this program with a suitable prompt as command line argument and read the password from its STDOUT. See also the <em>core.askpass</em> @@ -2589,7 +2589,7 @@ after each commit-oriented record have been flushed. If this variable is set to "0", the output of these commands will be done using completely buffered I/O. If this environment variable is - not set, git will choose buffered or record-oriented flushing + not set, Git will choose buffered or record-oriented flushing based on whether stdout appears to be redirected to a file or not. </p> </dd> @@ -2599,15 +2599,15 @@ <dd> <p> If this variable is set to "1", "2" or "true" (comparison - is case insensitive), git will print <code>trace:</code> messages on + is case insensitive), Git will print <code>trace:</code> messages on stderr telling about alias expansion, built-in command execution and external command execution. If this variable is set to an integer value greater than 1 - and lower than 10 (strictly) then git will interpret this + and lower than 10 (strictly) then Git will interpret this value as an open file descriptor and will try to write the trace messages into this file descriptor. Alternatively, if this variable is set to an absolute path - (starting with a <em>/</em> character), git will interpret this + (starting with a <em>/</em> character), Git will interpret this as a file path and will try to write the trace messages into it. </p> @@ -2617,12 +2617,12 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - Setting this variable to <code>1</code> will cause git to treat all + Setting this variable to <code>1</code> will cause Git to treat all pathspecs literally, rather than as glob patterns. For example, running <code>GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS=1 git log -- '*.c'</code> will search for commits that touch the path <code>*.c</code>, not any paths that the glob <code>*.c</code> matches. You might want this if you are feeding - literal paths to git (e.g., paths previously given to you by + literal paths to Git (e.g., paths previously given to you by <code>git ls-tree</code>, <code>--raw</code> diff output, etc). </p> </dd> @@ -2634,9 +2634,9 @@ <h2 id="_discussion_a_id_discussion_a">Discussion<a id="Discussion"></a></h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"><p>More detail on the following is available from the -<a href="user-manual.html#git-concepts">git concepts chapter of the +<a href="user-manual.html#git-concepts">Git concepts chapter of the user-manual</a> and <a href="gitcore-tutorial.html">gitcore-tutorial(7)</a>.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>A git project normally consists of a working directory with a ".git" +<div class="paragraph"><p>A Git project normally consists of a working directory with a ".git" subdirectory at the top level. The .git directory contains, among other things, a compressed object database representing the complete history of the project, an "index" file which links that history to the current @@ -2680,16 +2680,16 @@ <h2 id="_further_documentation">FURTHER DOCUMENTATION</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"><p>See the references in the "description" section to get started -using git. The following is probably more detail than necessary +using Git. The following is probably more detail than necessary for a first-time user.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>The <a href="user-manual.html#git-concepts">git concepts chapter of the +<div class="paragraph"><p>The <a href="user-manual.html#git-concepts">Git concepts chapter of the user-manual</a> and <a href="gitcore-tutorial.html">gitcore-tutorial(7)</a> both provide -introductions to the underlying git architecture.</p></div> +introductions to the underlying Git architecture.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>See <a href="gitworkflows.html">gitworkflows(7)</a> for an overview of recommended workflows.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>See also the <a href="howto-index.html">howto</a> documents for some useful examples.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>The internals are documented in the -<a href="technical/api-index.html">GIT API documentation</a>.</p></div> +<a href="technical/api-index.html">Git API documentation</a>.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>Users migrating from CVS may also want to read <a href="gitcvs-migration.html">gitcvs-migration(7)</a>.</p></div> </div> @@ -2698,7 +2698,7 @@ <h2 id="_authors">Authors</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"><p>Git was started by Linus Torvalds, and is currently maintained by Junio -C Hamano. Numerous contributions have come from the git mailing list +C Hamano. Numerous contributions have come from the Git mailing list <<a href="mailto:git@vger.kernel.org">git@vger.kernel.org</a>>. <a href="http://www.ohloh.net/p/git/contributors/summary">http://www.ohloh.net/p/git/contributors/summary</a> gives you a more complete list of contributors.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>If you have a clone of git.git itself, the @@ -2734,7 +2734,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2013-01-14 11:47:43 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body> diff --git a/git.txt b/git.txt index 555250d..c431ba2 100644 --- a/git.txt +++ b/git.txt
@@ -27,11 +27,11 @@ in-depth introduction. After you mastered the basic concepts, you can come back to this -page to learn what commands git offers. You can learn more about -individual git commands with "git help command". linkgit:gitcli[7] +page to learn what commands Git offers. You can learn more about +individual Git commands with "git help command". linkgit:gitcli[7] manual page gives you an overview of the command line command syntax. -Formatted and hyperlinked version of the latest git documentation +Formatted and hyperlinked version of the latest Git documentation can be viewed at `http://git-htmldocs.googlecode.com/git/git.html`. ifdef::stalenotes[] @@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ ============ You are reading the documentation for the latest (possibly -unreleased) version of git, that is available from 'master' +unreleased) version of Git, that is available from 'master' branch of the `git.git` repository. Documentation for older releases are available here: @@ -355,12 +355,12 @@ OPTIONS ------- --version:: - Prints the git suite version that the 'git' program came from. + Prints the Git suite version that the 'git' program came from. --help:: Prints the synopsis and a list of the most commonly used commands. If the option '--all' or '-a' is given then all - available commands are printed. If a git command is named this + available commands are printed. If a Git command is named this option will bring up the manual page for that command. + Other options are available to control how the manual page is @@ -375,22 +375,22 @@ 'git config' (subkeys separated by dots). --exec-path[=<path>]:: - Path to wherever your core git programs are installed. + Path to wherever your core Git programs are installed. This can also be controlled by setting the GIT_EXEC_PATH environment variable. If no path is given, 'git' will print the current setting and then exit. --html-path:: - Print the path, without trailing slash, where git's HTML + Print the path, without trailing slash, where Git's HTML documentation is installed and exit. --man-path:: Print the manpath (see `man(1)`) for the man pages for - this version of git and exit. + this version of Git and exit. --info-path:: Print the path where the Info files documenting this - version of git are installed and exit. + version of Git are installed and exit. -p:: --paginate:: @@ -400,7 +400,7 @@ below). --no-pager:: - Do not pipe git output into a pager. + Do not pipe Git output into a pager. --git-dir=<path>:: Set the path to the repository. This can also be controlled by @@ -416,7 +416,7 @@ more detailed discussion). --namespace=<path>:: - Set the git namespace. See linkgit:gitnamespaces[7] for more + Set the Git namespace. See linkgit:gitnamespaces[7] for more details. Equivalent to setting the `GIT_NAMESPACE` environment variable. @@ -426,7 +426,7 @@ directory. --no-replace-objects:: - Do not use replacement refs to replace git objects. See + Do not use replacement refs to replace Git objects. See linkgit:git-replace[1] for more information. --literal-pathspecs:: @@ -438,7 +438,7 @@ GIT COMMANDS ------------ -We divide git into high level ("porcelain") commands and low level +We divide Git into high level ("porcelain") commands and low level ("plumbing") commands. High-level commands (porcelain) @@ -475,7 +475,7 @@ Low-level commands (plumbing) ----------------------------- -Although git includes its +Although Git includes its own porcelain layer, its low-level commands are sufficient to support development of alternative porcelains. Developers of such porcelains might start by reading about linkgit:git-update-index[1] and @@ -596,7 +596,7 @@ Symbolic Identifiers -------------------- -Any git command accepting any <object> can also use the following +Any Git command accepting any <object> can also use the following symbolic notation: HEAD:: @@ -632,13 +632,13 @@ Environment Variables --------------------- -Various git commands use the following environment variables: +Various Git commands use the following environment variables: -The git Repository +The Git Repository ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -These environment variables apply to 'all' core git commands. Nb: it +These environment variables apply to 'all' core Git commands. Nb: it is worth noting that they may be used/overridden by SCMS sitting above -git so take care if using Cogito etc. +Git so take care if using Cogito etc. 'GIT_INDEX_FILE':: This environment allows the specification of an alternate @@ -652,10 +652,10 @@ directory is used. 'GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES':: - Due to the immutable nature of git objects, old objects can be + Due to the immutable nature of Git objects, old objects can be archived into shared, read-only directories. This variable specifies a ":" separated (on Windows ";" separated) list - of git object directories which can be used to search for git + of Git object directories which can be used to search for Git objects. New objects will not be written to these directories. 'GIT_DIR':: @@ -672,12 +672,12 @@ option and the core.worktree configuration variable. 'GIT_NAMESPACE':: - Set the git namespace; see linkgit:gitnamespaces[7] for details. + Set the Git namespace; see linkgit:gitnamespaces[7] for details. The '--namespace' command-line option also sets this value. 'GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES':: This should be a colon-separated list of absolute paths. - If set, it is a list of directories that git should not chdir + If set, it is a list of directories that Git should not chdir up into while looking for a repository directory. It will not exclude the current working directory or a GIT_DIR set on the command line or in the environment. @@ -685,15 +685,15 @@ 'GIT_DISCOVERY_ACROSS_FILESYSTEM':: When run in a directory that does not have ".git" repository - directory, git tries to find such a directory in the parent + directory, Git tries to find such a directory in the parent directories to find the top of the working tree, but by default it does not cross filesystem boundaries. This environment variable - can be set to true to tell git not to stop at filesystem + can be set to true to tell Git not to stop at filesystem boundaries. Like 'GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES', this will not affect an explicit repository directory set via 'GIT_DIR' or on the command line. -git Commits +Git Commits ~~~~~~~~~~~ 'GIT_AUTHOR_NAME':: 'GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL':: @@ -704,13 +704,13 @@ 'EMAIL':: see linkgit:git-commit-tree[1] -git Diffs +Git Diffs ~~~~~~~~~ 'GIT_DIFF_OPTS':: Only valid setting is "--unified=??" or "-u??" to set the number of context lines shown when a unified diff is created. This takes precedence over any "-U" or "--unified" option - value passed on the git diff command line. + value passed on the Git diff command line. 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF':: When the environment variable 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' is set, the @@ -745,13 +745,13 @@ 'GIT_PAGER':: This environment variable overrides `$PAGER`. If it is set - to an empty string or to the value "cat", git will not launch + to an empty string or to the value "cat", Git will not launch a pager. See also the `core.pager` option in linkgit:git-config[1]. 'GIT_EDITOR':: This environment variable overrides `$EDITOR` and `$VISUAL`. - It is used by several git commands when, on interactive mode, + It is used by several Git commands when, on interactive mode, an editor is to be launched. See also linkgit:git-var[1] and the `core.editor` option in linkgit:git-config[1]. @@ -772,7 +772,7 @@ for further details. 'GIT_ASKPASS':: - If this environment variable is set, then git commands which need to + If this environment variable is set, then Git commands which need to acquire passwords or passphrases (e.g. for HTTP or IMAP authentication) will call this program with a suitable prompt as command line argument and read the password from its STDOUT. See also the 'core.askpass' @@ -793,30 +793,30 @@ after each commit-oriented record have been flushed. If this variable is set to "0", the output of these commands will be done using completely buffered I/O. If this environment variable is - not set, git will choose buffered or record-oriented flushing + not set, Git will choose buffered or record-oriented flushing based on whether stdout appears to be redirected to a file or not. 'GIT_TRACE':: If this variable is set to "1", "2" or "true" (comparison - is case insensitive), git will print `trace:` messages on + is case insensitive), Git will print `trace:` messages on stderr telling about alias expansion, built-in command execution and external command execution. If this variable is set to an integer value greater than 1 - and lower than 10 (strictly) then git will interpret this + and lower than 10 (strictly) then Git will interpret this value as an open file descriptor and will try to write the trace messages into this file descriptor. Alternatively, if this variable is set to an absolute path - (starting with a '/' character), git will interpret this + (starting with a '/' character), Git will interpret this as a file path and will try to write the trace messages into it. GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS:: - Setting this variable to `1` will cause git to treat all + Setting this variable to `1` will cause Git to treat all pathspecs literally, rather than as glob patterns. For example, running `GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS=1 git log -- '*.c'` will search for commits that touch the path `*.c`, not any paths that the glob `*.c` matches. You might want this if you are feeding - literal paths to git (e.g., paths previously given to you by + literal paths to Git (e.g., paths previously given to you by `git ls-tree`, `--raw` diff output, etc). @@ -824,10 +824,10 @@ ------------------------ More detail on the following is available from the -link:user-manual.html#git-concepts[git concepts chapter of the +link:user-manual.html#git-concepts[Git concepts chapter of the user-manual] and linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7]. -A git project normally consists of a working directory with a ".git" +A Git project normally consists of a working directory with a ".git" subdirectory at the top level. The .git directory contains, among other things, a compressed object database representing the complete history of the project, an "index" file which links that history to the current @@ -877,12 +877,12 @@ --------------------- See the references in the "description" section to get started -using git. The following is probably more detail than necessary +using Git. The following is probably more detail than necessary for a first-time user. -The link:user-manual.html#git-concepts[git concepts chapter of the +The link:user-manual.html#git-concepts[Git concepts chapter of the user-manual] and linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7] both provide -introductions to the underlying git architecture. +introductions to the underlying Git architecture. See linkgit:gitworkflows[7] for an overview of recommended workflows. @@ -890,7 +890,7 @@ examples. The internals are documented in the -link:technical/api-index.html[GIT API documentation]. +link:technical/api-index.html[Git API documentation]. Users migrating from CVS may also want to read linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7]. @@ -899,7 +899,7 @@ Authors ------- Git was started by Linus Torvalds, and is currently maintained by Junio -C Hamano. Numerous contributions have come from the git mailing list +C Hamano. Numerous contributions have come from the Git mailing list <git@vger.kernel.org>. http://www.ohloh.net/p/git/contributors/summary gives you a more complete list of contributors. diff --git a/gitattributes.html b/gitattributes.html index 2b95172..b571d9b 100644 --- a/gitattributes.html +++ b/gitattributes.html
@@ -811,7 +811,7 @@ attribute. The rules how the pattern matches paths are the same as in <code>.gitignore</code> files; see <a href="gitignore.html">gitignore(5)</a>. Unlike <code>.gitignore</code>, negative patterns are forbidden.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>When deciding what attributes are assigned to a path, git +<div class="paragraph"><p>When deciding what attributes are assigned to a path, Git consults <code>$GIT_DIR/info/attributes</code> file (which has the highest precedence), <code>.gitattributes</code> file in the same directory as the path in question, and its parent directories up to the toplevel of the @@ -844,7 +844,7 @@ <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_effects">EFFECTS</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> -<div class="paragraph"><p>Certain operations by git can be influenced by assigning +<div class="paragraph"><p>Certain operations by Git can be influenced by assigning particular attributes to a path. Currently, the following operations are attributes-aware.</p></div> <div class="sect2"> @@ -852,7 +852,7 @@ <div class="paragraph"><p>These attributes affect how the contents stored in the repository are copied to the working tree files when commands such as <em>git checkout</em> and <em>git merge</em> run. They also affect how -git stores the contents you prepare in the working tree in the +Git stores the contents you prepare in the working tree in the repository upon <em>git add</em> and <em>git commit</em>.</p></div> <div class="sect3"> <h4 id="_code_text_code"><code>text</code></h4> @@ -877,7 +877,7 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - Unsetting the <code>text</code> attribute on a path tells git not to + Unsetting the <code>text</code> attribute on a path tells Git not to attempt any end-of-line conversion upon checkin or checkout. </p> </dd> @@ -887,7 +887,7 @@ <dd> <p> When <code>text</code> is set to "auto", the path is marked for automatic - end-of-line normalization. If git decides that the content is + end-of-line normalization. If Git decides that the content is text, its line endings are normalized to LF on checkin. </p> </dd> @@ -896,13 +896,13 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - If the <code>text</code> attribute is unspecified, git uses the + If the <code>text</code> attribute is unspecified, Git uses the <code>core.autocrlf</code> configuration variable to determine if the file should be converted. </p> </dd> </dl></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>Any other value causes git to act as if <code>text</code> has been left +<div class="paragraph"><p>Any other value causes Git to act as if <code>text</code> has been left unspecified.</p></div> </div> <div class="sect3"> @@ -916,7 +916,7 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - This setting forces git to normalize line endings for this + This setting forces Git to normalize line endings for this file on checkin and convert them to CRLF when the file is checked out. </p> @@ -926,7 +926,7 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - This setting forces git to normalize line endings to LF on + This setting forces Git to normalize line endings to LF on checkin and prevents conversion to CRLF when the file is checked out. </p> @@ -946,10 +946,10 @@ </div> <div class="sect3"> <h4 id="_end_of_line_conversion">End-of-line conversion</h4> -<div class="paragraph"><p>While git normally leaves file contents alone, it can be configured to +<div class="paragraph"><p>While Git normally leaves file contents alone, it can be configured to normalize line endings to LF in the repository and, optionally, to convert them to CRLF when files are checked out.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>Here is an example that will make git normalize .txt, .vcproj and .sh +<div class="paragraph"><p>Here is an example that will make Git normalize .txt, .vcproj and .sh files, ensure that .vcproj files have CRLF and .sh files have LF in the working directory, and prevent .jpg files from being normalized regardless of their content.</p></div> @@ -962,7 +962,7 @@ </div></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>Other source code management systems normalize all text files in their repositories, and there are two ways to enable similar automatic -normalization in git.</p></div> +normalization in Git.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>If you simply want to have CRLF line endings in your working directory regardless of the repository you are working with, you can set the config variable "core.autocrlf" without changing any attributes.</p></div> @@ -983,9 +983,9 @@ <div class="content"> <pre><code>* text=auto</code></pre> </div></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>This ensures that all files that git considers to be text will have +<div class="paragraph"><p>This ensures that all files that Git considers to be text will have normalized (LF) line endings in the repository. The <code>core.eol</code> -configuration variable controls which line endings git will use for +configuration variable controls which line endings Git will use for normalized files in your working directory; the default is to use the native line ending for your platform, or CRLF if <code>core.autocrlf</code> is set.</p></div> @@ -1004,7 +1004,7 @@ <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>$ echo "* text=auto" >>.gitattributes -$ rm .git/index # Remove the index to force git to +$ rm .git/index # Remove the index to force Git to $ git reset # re-scan the working directory $ git status # Show files that will be normalized $ git add -u @@ -1017,16 +1017,16 @@ <div class="content"> <pre><code>manual.pdf -text</code></pre> </div></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>Conversely, text files that git does not detect can have normalization +<div class="paragraph"><p>Conversely, text files that Git does not detect can have normalization enabled manually.</p></div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>weirdchars.txt text</code></pre> </div></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>If <code>core.safecrlf</code> is set to "true" or "warn", git verifies if +<div class="paragraph"><p>If <code>core.safecrlf</code> is set to "true" or "warn", Git verifies if the conversion is reversible for the current setting of -<code>core.autocrlf</code>. For "true", git rejects irreversible -conversions; for "warn", git only prints a warning but accepts +<code>core.autocrlf</code>. For "true", Git rejects irreversible +conversions; for "warn", Git only prints a warning but accepts an irreversible conversion. The safety triggers to prevent such a conversion done to the files in the work tree, but there are a few exceptions. Even though…</p></div> @@ -1056,7 +1056,7 @@ </div> <div class="sect3"> <h4 id="_code_ident_code"><code>ident</code></h4> -<div class="paragraph"><p>When the attribute <code>ident</code> is set for a path, git replaces +<div class="paragraph"><p>When the attribute <code>ident</code> is set for a path, Git replaces <code>$Id$</code> in the blob object with <code>$Id:</code>, followed by the 40-character hexadecimal blob object name, followed by a dollar sign <code>$</code> upon checkout. Any byte sequence that begins with @@ -1082,7 +1082,7 @@ the appropriate filter program, the project should still be usable.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>Another use of the content filtering is to store the content that cannot be directly used in the repository (e.g. a UUID that refers to the true -content stored outside git, or an encrypted content) and turn it into a +content stored outside Git, or an encrypted content) and turn it into a usable form upon checkout (e.g. download the external content, or decrypt the encrypted content).</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>These two filters behave differently, and by default, a filter is taken as @@ -1154,7 +1154,7 @@ clean/smudge filter or text/eol/ident attributes, merging anything where the attribute is not in place would normally cause merge conflicts.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>To prevent these unnecessary merge conflicts, git can be told to run a +<div class="paragraph"><p>To prevent these unnecessary merge conflicts, Git can be told to run a virtual check-out and check-in of all three stages of a file when resolving a three-way merge by setting the <code>merge.renormalize</code> configuration variable. This prevents changes caused by check-in @@ -1171,11 +1171,11 @@ <h3 id="_generating_diff_text">Generating diff text</h3> <div class="sect3"> <h4 id="_code_diff_code"><code>diff</code></h4> -<div class="paragraph"><p>The attribute <code>diff</code> affects how <em>git</em> generates diffs for particular -files. It can tell git whether to generate a textual patch for the path +<div class="paragraph"><p>The attribute <code>diff</code> affects how Git generates diffs for particular +files. It can tell Git whether to generate a textual patch for the path or to treat the path as a binary file. It can also affect what line is -shown on the hunk header <code>@@ -k,l +n,m @@</code> line, tell git to use an -external command to generate the diff, or ask git to convert binary +shown on the hunk header <code>@@ -k,l +n,m @@</code> line, tell Git to use an +external command to generate the diff, or ask Git to convert binary files to a text format before generating the diff.</p></div> <div class="dlist"><dl> <dt class="hdlist1"> @@ -1218,7 +1218,7 @@ specify one or more options, as described in the following section. The options for the diff driver "foo" are defined by the configuration variables in the "diff.foo" section of the - git config file. + Git config file. </p> </dd> </dl></div> @@ -1235,7 +1235,7 @@ <pre><code>[diff "jcdiff"] command = j-c-diff</code></pre> </div></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>When git needs to show you a diff for the path with <code>diff</code> +<div class="paragraph"><p>When Git needs to show you a diff for the path with <code>diff</code> attribute set to <code>jcdiff</code>, it calls the command you specified with the above configuration, i.e. <code>j-c-diff</code>, with 7 parameters, just like <code>GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF</code> program is called. @@ -1414,7 +1414,7 @@ </tr></table> </div> <div class="paragraph"><p>Because text conversion can be slow, especially when doing a -large number of them with <code>git log -p</code>, git provides a mechanism +large number of them with <code>git log -p</code>, Git provides a mechanism to cache the output and use it in future diffs. To enable caching, set the "cachetextconv" variable in your diff driver’s config. For example:</p></div> @@ -1426,7 +1426,7 @@ </div></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>This will cache the result of running "exif" on each blob indefinitely. If you change the textconv config variable for a -diff driver, git will automatically invalidate the cache entries +diff driver, Git will automatically invalidate the cache entries and re-run the textconv filter. If you want to invalidate the cache manually (e.g., because your version of "exif" was updated and now produces better output), you can remove the cache @@ -1444,7 +1444,7 @@ output to resemble unified diff. You are free to locate and report changes in the most appropriate way for your data format.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>A textconv, by comparison, is much more limiting. You provide a -transformation of the data into a line-oriented text format, and git +transformation of the data into a line-oriented text format, and Git uses its regular diff tools to generate the output. There are several advantages to choosing this method:</p></div> <div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic"> @@ -1459,7 +1459,7 @@ <li> <p> Git diff features. By performing only the transformation step - yourself, you can still utilize many of git’s diff features, + yourself, you can still utilize many of Git’s diff features, including colorization, word-diff, and combined diffs for merges. </p> </li> @@ -1486,7 +1486,7 @@ <div class="content"> <pre><code>*.ps -diff</code></pre> </div></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>This will cause git to generate <code>Binary files differ</code> (or a binary +<div class="paragraph"><p>This will cause Git to generate <code>Binary files differ</code> (or a binary patch, if binary patches are enabled) instead of a regular diff.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>However, one may also want to specify other diff driver attributes. For example, you might want to use <code>textconv</code> to convert postscript files to @@ -1661,7 +1661,7 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - Notice all types of potential whitespace errors known to git. + Notice all types of potential whitespace errors known to Git. The tab width is taken from the value of the <code>core.whitespace</code> configuration variable. </p> @@ -1705,7 +1705,7 @@ </div> <div class="sect3"> <h4 id="_code_export_subst_code"><code>export-subst</code></h4> -<div class="paragraph"><p>If the attribute <code>export-subst</code> is set for a file then git will expand +<div class="paragraph"><p>If the attribute <code>export-subst</code> is set for a file then Git will expand several placeholders when adding this file to an archive. The expansion depends on the availability of a commit ID, i.e., if <a href="git-archive.html">git-archive(1)</a> has been given a tree instead of a commit or a @@ -1799,7 +1799,7 @@ <li> <p> By examining <code>t/.gitattributes</code> (which is in the same - directory as the path in question), git finds that the first + directory as the path in question), Git finds that the first line matches. <code>merge</code> attribute is set. It also finds that the second line matches, and attributes <code>foo</code> and <code>bar</code> are unset. @@ -1850,7 +1850,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2012-11-13 14:31:09 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/gitattributes.txt b/gitattributes.txt index 2698f63..b322a26 100644 --- a/gitattributes.txt +++ b/gitattributes.txt
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ same as in `.gitignore` files; see linkgit:gitignore[5]. Unlike `.gitignore`, negative patterns are forbidden. -When deciding what attributes are assigned to a path, git +When deciding what attributes are assigned to a path, Git consults `$GIT_DIR/info/attributes` file (which has the highest precedence), `.gitattributes` file in the same directory as the path in question, and its parent directories up to the toplevel of the @@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ EFFECTS ------- -Certain operations by git can be influenced by assigning +Certain operations by Git can be influenced by assigning particular attributes to a path. Currently, the following operations are attributes-aware. @@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ These attributes affect how the contents stored in the repository are copied to the working tree files when commands such as 'git checkout' and 'git merge' run. They also affect how -git stores the contents you prepare in the working tree in the +Git stores the contents you prepare in the working tree in the repository upon 'git add' and 'git commit'. `text` @@ -124,22 +124,22 @@ Unset:: - Unsetting the `text` attribute on a path tells git not to + Unsetting the `text` attribute on a path tells Git not to attempt any end-of-line conversion upon checkin or checkout. Set to string value "auto":: When `text` is set to "auto", the path is marked for automatic - end-of-line normalization. If git decides that the content is + end-of-line normalization. If Git decides that the content is text, its line endings are normalized to LF on checkin. Unspecified:: - If the `text` attribute is unspecified, git uses the + If the `text` attribute is unspecified, Git uses the `core.autocrlf` configuration variable to determine if the file should be converted. -Any other value causes git to act as if `text` has been left +Any other value causes Git to act as if `text` has been left unspecified. `eol` @@ -151,13 +151,13 @@ Set to string value "crlf":: - This setting forces git to normalize line endings for this + This setting forces Git to normalize line endings for this file on checkin and convert them to CRLF when the file is checked out. Set to string value "lf":: - This setting forces git to normalize line endings to LF on + This setting forces Git to normalize line endings to LF on checkin and prevents conversion to CRLF when the file is checked out. @@ -176,11 +176,11 @@ End-of-line conversion ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ -While git normally leaves file contents alone, it can be configured to +While Git normally leaves file contents alone, it can be configured to normalize line endings to LF in the repository and, optionally, to convert them to CRLF when files are checked out. -Here is an example that will make git normalize .txt, .vcproj and .sh +Here is an example that will make Git normalize .txt, .vcproj and .sh files, ensure that .vcproj files have CRLF and .sh files have LF in the working directory, and prevent .jpg files from being normalized regardless of their content. @@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ Other source code management systems normalize all text files in their repositories, and there are two ways to enable similar automatic -normalization in git. +normalization in Git. If you simply want to have CRLF line endings in your working directory regardless of the repository you are working with, you can set the @@ -219,9 +219,9 @@ * text=auto ------------------------ -This ensures that all files that git considers to be text will have +This ensures that all files that Git considers to be text will have normalized (LF) line endings in the repository. The `core.eol` -configuration variable controls which line endings git will use for +configuration variable controls which line endings Git will use for normalized files in your working directory; the default is to use the native line ending for your platform, or CRLF if `core.autocrlf` is set. @@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ ------------------------------------------------- $ echo "* text=auto" >>.gitattributes -$ rm .git/index # Remove the index to force git to +$ rm .git/index # Remove the index to force Git to $ git reset # re-scan the working directory $ git status # Show files that will be normalized $ git add -u @@ -249,17 +249,17 @@ manual.pdf -text ------------------------ -Conversely, text files that git does not detect can have normalization +Conversely, text files that Git does not detect can have normalization enabled manually. ------------------------ weirdchars.txt text ------------------------ -If `core.safecrlf` is set to "true" or "warn", git verifies if +If `core.safecrlf` is set to "true" or "warn", Git verifies if the conversion is reversible for the current setting of -`core.autocrlf`. For "true", git rejects irreversible -conversions; for "warn", git only prints a warning but accepts +`core.autocrlf`. For "true", Git rejects irreversible +conversions; for "warn", Git only prints a warning but accepts an irreversible conversion. The safety triggers to prevent such a conversion done to the files in the work tree, but there are a few exceptions. Even though... @@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ `ident` ^^^^^^^ -When the attribute `ident` is set for a path, git replaces +When the attribute `ident` is set for a path, Git replaces `$Id$` in the blob object with `$Id:`, followed by the 40-character hexadecimal blob object name, followed by a dollar sign `$` upon checkout. Any byte sequence that begins with @@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ Another use of the content filtering is to store the content that cannot be directly used in the repository (e.g. a UUID that refers to the true -content stored outside git, or an encrypted content) and turn it into a +content stored outside Git, or an encrypted content) and turn it into a usable form upon checkout (e.g. download the external content, or decrypt the encrypted content). @@ -397,7 +397,7 @@ where the attribute is not in place would normally cause merge conflicts. -To prevent these unnecessary merge conflicts, git can be told to run a +To prevent these unnecessary merge conflicts, Git can be told to run a virtual check-out and check-in of all three stages of a file when resolving a three-way merge by setting the `merge.renormalize` configuration variable. This prevents changes caused by check-in @@ -417,11 +417,11 @@ `diff` ^^^^^^ -The attribute `diff` affects how 'git' generates diffs for particular -files. It can tell git whether to generate a textual patch for the path +The attribute `diff` affects how Git generates diffs for particular +files. It can tell Git whether to generate a textual patch for the path or to treat the path as a binary file. It can also affect what line is -shown on the hunk header `@@ -k,l +n,m @@` line, tell git to use an -external command to generate the diff, or ask git to convert binary +shown on the hunk header `@@ -k,l +n,m @@` line, tell Git to use an +external command to generate the diff, or ask Git to convert binary files to a text format before generating the diff. Set:: @@ -449,7 +449,7 @@ specify one or more options, as described in the following section. The options for the diff driver "foo" are defined by the configuration variables in the "diff.foo" section of the - git config file. + Git config file. Defining an external diff driver @@ -467,7 +467,7 @@ command = j-c-diff ---------------------------------------------------------------- -When git needs to show you a diff for the path with `diff` +When Git needs to show you a diff for the path with `diff` attribute set to `jcdiff`, it calls the command you specified with the above configuration, i.e. `j-c-diff`, with 7 parameters, just like `GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF` program is called. @@ -606,7 +606,7 @@ addition to_ the usual binary diff that you might send. Because text conversion can be slow, especially when doing a -large number of them with `git log -p`, git provides a mechanism +large number of them with `git log -p`, Git provides a mechanism to cache the output and use it in future diffs. To enable caching, set the "cachetextconv" variable in your diff driver's config. For example: @@ -619,7 +619,7 @@ This will cache the result of running "exif" on each blob indefinitely. If you change the textconv config variable for a -diff driver, git will automatically invalidate the cache entries +diff driver, Git will automatically invalidate the cache entries and re-run the textconv filter. If you want to invalidate the cache manually (e.g., because your version of "exif" was updated and now produces better output), you can remove the cache @@ -640,7 +640,7 @@ changes in the most appropriate way for your data format. A textconv, by comparison, is much more limiting. You provide a -transformation of the data into a line-oriented text format, and git +transformation of the data into a line-oriented text format, and Git uses its regular diff tools to generate the output. There are several advantages to choosing this method: @@ -650,7 +650,7 @@ odt2txt). 2. Git diff features. By performing only the transformation step - yourself, you can still utilize many of git's diff features, + yourself, you can still utilize many of Git's diff features, including colorization, word-diff, and combined diffs for merges. 3. Caching. Textconv caching can speed up repeated diffs, such as those @@ -675,7 +675,7 @@ *.ps -diff ------------------------ -This will cause git to generate `Binary files differ` (or a binary +This will cause Git to generate `Binary files differ` (or a binary patch, if binary patches are enabled) instead of a regular diff. However, one may also want to specify other diff driver attributes. For @@ -831,7 +831,7 @@ Set:: - Notice all types of potential whitespace errors known to git. + Notice all types of potential whitespace errors known to Git. The tab width is taken from the value of the `core.whitespace` configuration variable. @@ -863,7 +863,7 @@ `export-subst` ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ -If the attribute `export-subst` is set for a file then git will expand +If the attribute `export-subst` is set for a file then Git will expand several placeholders when adding this file to an archive. The expansion depends on the availability of a commit ID, i.e., if linkgit:git-archive[1] has been given a tree instead of a commit or a @@ -961,7 +961,7 @@ the attributes given to path `t/abc` are computed as follows: 1. By examining `t/.gitattributes` (which is in the same - directory as the path in question), git finds that the first + directory as the path in question), Git finds that the first line matches. `merge` attribute is set. It also finds that the second line matches, and attributes `foo` and `bar` are unset.
diff --git a/gitcli.html b/gitcli.html index 50953cb..c5e711f 100644 --- a/gitcli.html +++ b/gitcli.html
@@ -737,7 +737,7 @@ <h2>NAME</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <p>gitcli - - git command line interface and conventions + Git command line interface and conventions </p> </div> </div> @@ -751,7 +751,7 @@ <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> -<div class="paragraph"><p>This manual describes the convention used throughout git CLI.</p></div> +<div class="paragraph"><p>This manual describes the convention used throughout Git CLI.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>Many commands take revisions (most often "commits", but sometimes "tree-ish", depending on the context and command) and paths as their arguments. Here are the rules:</p></div> @@ -777,7 +777,7 @@ </li> <li> <p> -Without disambiguating <code>--</code>, git makes a reasonable guess, but errors +Without disambiguating <code>--</code>, Git makes a reasonable guess, but errors out and asking you to disambiguate when ambiguous. E.g. if you have a file called HEAD in your work tree, <code>git diff HEAD</code> is ambiguous, and you have to say either <code>git diff HEAD --</code> or <code>git diff -- HEAD</code> to @@ -808,11 +808,11 @@ </li> </ul></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>Here are the rules regarding the "flags" that you should follow when you are -scripting git:</p></div> +scripting Git:</p></div> <div class="ulist"><ul> <li> <p> -it’s preferred to use the non dashed form of git commands, which means that +it’s preferred to use the non dashed form of Git commands, which means that you should prefer <code>git foo</code> to <code>git-foo</code>. </p> </li> @@ -856,7 +856,7 @@ <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_enhanced_option_parser">ENHANCED OPTION PARSER</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> -<div class="paragraph"><p>From the git 1.5.4 series and further, many git commands (not all of them at the +<div class="paragraph"><p>From the Git 1.5.4 series and further, many Git commands (not all of them at the time of the writing though) come with an enhanced option parser.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>Here is a list of the facilities provided by this option parser.</p></div> <div class="sect2"> @@ -889,7 +889,7 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - Some git commands take options that are only used for plumbing or that + Some Git commands take options that are only used for plumbing or that are deprecated, and such options are hidden from the default usage. This option gives the full list of options. </p> @@ -993,7 +993,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2012-10-10 15:49:24 PDT +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/gitcli.txt b/gitcli.txt index 3bc1500..dc9e617 100644 --- a/gitcli.txt +++ b/gitcli.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ NAME ---- -gitcli - git command line interface and conventions +gitcli - Git command line interface and conventions SYNOPSIS -------- @@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ DESCRIPTION ----------- -This manual describes the convention used throughout git CLI. +This manual describes the convention used throughout Git CLI. Many commands take revisions (most often "commits", but sometimes "tree-ish", depending on the context and command) and paths as their @@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ between the HEAD commit and the work tree as a whole". You can say `git diff HEAD --` to ask for the latter. - * Without disambiguating `--`, git makes a reasonable guess, but errors + * Without disambiguating `--`, Git makes a reasonable guess, but errors out and asking you to disambiguate when ambiguous. E.g. if you have a file called HEAD in your work tree, `git diff HEAD` is ambiguous, and you have to say either `git diff HEAD --` or `git diff -- HEAD` to @@ -60,9 +60,9 @@ you will. Here are the rules regarding the "flags" that you should follow when you are -scripting git: +scripting Git: - * it's preferred to use the non dashed form of git commands, which means that + * it's preferred to use the non dashed form of Git commands, which means that you should prefer `git foo` to `git-foo`. * splitting short options to separate words (prefer `git foo -a -b` @@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ ENHANCED OPTION PARSER ---------------------- -From the git 1.5.4 series and further, many git commands (not all of them at the +From the Git 1.5.4 series and further, many Git commands (not all of them at the time of the writing though) come with an enhanced option parser. Here is a list of the facilities provided by this option parser. @@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ --------------------------------------------- --help-all:: - Some git commands take options that are only used for plumbing or that + Some Git commands take options that are only used for plumbing or that are deprecated, and such options are hidden from the default usage. This option gives the full list of options.
diff --git a/gitcore-tutorial.html b/gitcore-tutorial.html index 0e91956..b5f28ba 100644 --- a/gitcore-tutorial.html +++ b/gitcore-tutorial.html
@@ -737,7 +737,7 @@ <h2>NAME</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <p>gitcore-tutorial - - A git core tutorial for developers + A Git core tutorial for developers </p> </div> </div> @@ -751,14 +751,14 @@ <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> -<div class="paragraph"><p>This tutorial explains how to use the "core" git commands to set up and -work with a git repository.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>If you just need to use git as a revision control system you may prefer -to start with "A Tutorial Introduction to GIT" (<a href="gittutorial.html">gittutorial(7)</a>) or -<a href="user-manual.html">the GIT User Manual</a>.</p></div> +<div class="paragraph"><p>This tutorial explains how to use the "core" Git commands to set up and +work with a Git repository.</p></div> +<div class="paragraph"><p>If you just need to use Git as a revision control system you may prefer +to start with "A Tutorial Introduction to Git" (<a href="gittutorial.html">gittutorial(7)</a>) or +<a href="user-manual.html">the Git User Manual</a>.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>However, an understanding of these low-level tools can be helpful if -you want to understand git’s internals.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>The core git is often called "plumbing", with the prettier user +you want to understand Git’s internals.</p></div> +<div class="paragraph"><p>The core Git is often called "plumbing", with the prettier user interfaces on top of it called "porcelain". You may not want to use the plumbing directly very often, but it can be good to know what the plumbing does for when the porcelain isn’t flushing.</p></div> @@ -781,29 +781,29 @@ </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> -<h2 id="_creating_a_git_repository">Creating a git repository</h2> +<h2 id="_creating_a_git_repository">Creating a Git repository</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> -<div class="paragraph"><p>Creating a new git repository couldn’t be easier: all git repositories start +<div class="paragraph"><p>Creating a new Git repository couldn’t be easier: all Git repositories start out empty, and the only thing you need to do is find yourself a subdirectory that you want to use as a working tree - either an empty one for a totally new project, or an existing working tree that you want -to import into git.</p></div> +to import into Git.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>For our first example, we’re going to start a totally new repository from scratch, with no pre-existing files, and we’ll call it <em>git-tutorial</em>. To start up, create a subdirectory for it, change into that -subdirectory, and initialize the git infrastructure with <em>git init</em>:</p></div> +subdirectory, and initialize the Git infrastructure with <em>git init</em>:</p></div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>$ mkdir git-tutorial $ cd git-tutorial $ git init</code></pre> </div></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>to which git will reply</p></div> +<div class="paragraph"><p>to which Git will reply</p></div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>Initialized empty Git repository in .git/</code></pre> </div></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>which is just git’s way of saying that you haven’t been doing anything +<div class="paragraph"><p>which is just Git’s way of saying that you haven’t been doing anything strange, and that it will have created a local <code>.git</code> directory setup for your new project. You will now have a <code>.git</code> directory, and you can inspect that with <em>ls</em>. For your new empty project, it should show you @@ -846,7 +846,7 @@ start out expecting to work on the <code>master</code> branch.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>However, this is only a convention, and you can name your branches anything you want, and don’t have to ever even <em>have</em> a <code>master</code> -branch. A number of the git tools will assume that <code>.git/HEAD</code> is +branch. A number of the Git tools will assume that <code>.git/HEAD</code> is valid, though.</p></div> <div class="admonitionblock"> <table><tr> @@ -872,17 +872,17 @@ after finishing this tutorial.</td> </tr></table> </div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>You have now created your first git repository. Of course, since it’s +<div class="paragraph"><p>You have now created your first Git repository. Of course, since it’s empty, that’s not very useful, so let’s start populating it with data.</p></div> </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> -<h2 id="_populating_a_git_repository">Populating a git repository</h2> +<h2 id="_populating_a_git_repository">Populating a Git repository</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"><p>We’ll keep this simple and stupid, so we’ll start off with populating a few trivial files just to get a feel for it.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>Start off with just creating any random files that you want to maintain -in your git repository. We’ll start off with a few bad examples, just to +in your Git repository. We’ll start off with a few bad examples, just to get a feel for how this works:</p></div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> @@ -904,7 +904,7 @@ </p> </li> </ul></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>The first step is trivial: when you want to tell git about any changes +<div class="paragraph"><p>The first step is trivial: when you want to tell Git about any changes to your working tree, you use the <em>git update-index</em> program. That program normally just takes a list of filenames you want to update, but to avoid trivial mistakes, it refuses to add new entries to the index @@ -916,9 +916,9 @@ <div class="content"> <pre><code>$ git update-index --add hello example</code></pre> </div></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>and you have now told git to track those two files.</p></div> +<div class="paragraph"><p>and you have now told Git to track those two files.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>In fact, as you did that, if you now look into your object directory, -you’ll notice that git will have added two new objects to the object +you’ll notice that Git will have added two new objects to the object database. If you did exactly the steps above, you should now be able to do</p></div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> @@ -939,7 +939,7 @@ <pre><code>$ git cat-file -t 557db03de997c86a4a028e1ebd3a1ceb225be238</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>where the <code>-t</code> tells <em>git cat-file</em> to tell you what the "type" of the -object is. git will tell you that you have a "blob" object (i.e., just a +object is. Git will tell you that you have a "blob" object (i.e., just a regular file), and you can see the contents with</p></div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> @@ -972,24 +972,24 @@ look at the objects themselves, and typing long 40-character hex names is not something you’d normally want to do. The above digression was just to show that <em>git update-index</em> did something magical, and -actually saved away the contents of your files into the git object +actually saved away the contents of your files into the Git object database.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>Updating the index did something else too: it created a <code>.git/index</code> file. This is the index that describes your current working tree, and something you should be very aware of. Again, you normally never worry about the index file itself, but you should be aware of the fact that -you have not actually really "checked in" your files into git so far, -you’ve only <strong>told</strong> git about them.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>However, since git knows about them, you can now start using some of the -most basic git commands to manipulate the files or look at their status.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>In particular, let’s not even check in the two files into git yet, we’ll +you have not actually really "checked in" your files into Git so far, +you’ve only <strong>told</strong> Git about them.</p></div> +<div class="paragraph"><p>However, since Git knows about them, you can now start using some of the +most basic Git commands to manipulate the files or look at their status.</p></div> +<div class="paragraph"><p>In particular, let’s not even check in the two files into Git yet, we’ll start off by adding another line to <code>hello</code> first:</p></div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>$ echo "It's a new day for git" >>hello</code></pre> </div></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>and you can now, since you told git about the previous state of <code>hello</code>, ask -git what has changed in the tree compared to your old index, using the +<div class="paragraph"><p>and you can now, since you told Git about the previous state of <code>hello</code>, ask +Git what has changed in the tree compared to your old index, using the <em>git diff-files</em> command:</p></div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> @@ -1032,10 +1032,10 @@ </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> -<h2 id="_committing_git_state">Committing git state</h2> +<h2 id="_committing_git_state">Committing Git state</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> -<div class="paragraph"><p>Now, we want to go to the next stage in git, which is to take the files -that git knows about in the index, and commit them as a real tree. We do +<div class="paragraph"><p>Now, we want to go to the next stage in Git, which is to take the files +that Git knows about in the index, and commit them as a real tree. We do that in two phases: creating a <em>tree</em> object, and committing that <em>tree</em> object as a <em>commit</em> object together with an explanation of what the tree was all about, along with information of how we came to that state.</p></div> @@ -1044,7 +1044,7 @@ current index state, and write an object that describes that whole index. In other words, we’re now tying together all the different filenames with their contents (and their permissions), and we’re -creating the equivalent of a git "directory" object:</p></div> +creating the equivalent of a Git "directory" object:</p></div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>$ git write-tree</code></pre> @@ -1150,9 +1150,9 @@ regardless of whether the <code>--cached</code> flag is used or not. The <code>--cached</code> flag really only determines whether the file <strong>contents</strong> to be compared come from the working tree or not.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>This is not hard to understand, as soon as you realize that git simply +<div class="paragraph"><p>This is not hard to understand, as soon as you realize that Git simply never knows (or cares) about files that it is not told about -explicitly. git will never go <strong>looking</strong> for files to compare, it +explicitly. Git will never go <strong>looking</strong> for files to compare, it expects you to tell it what the files are, and that’s what the index is there for.</p></div> </td> @@ -1168,7 +1168,7 @@ <div class="content"> <pre><code>$ git update-index hello</code></pre> </div></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>(note how we didn’t need the <code>--add</code> flag this time, since git knew +<div class="paragraph"><p>(note how we didn’t need the <code>--add</code> flag this time, since Git knew about the file already).</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>Note what happens to the different <em>git diff-*</em> versions here. After we’ve updated <code>hello</code> in the index, <code>git diff-files -p</code> now shows no @@ -1194,7 +1194,7 @@ this point (you can continue to edit things and update the index), you can just leave an empty message. Otherwise <code>git commit</code> will commit the change for you.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>You’ve now made your first real git commit. And if you’re interested in +<div class="paragraph"><p>You’ve now made your first real Git commit. And if you’re interested in looking at what <code>git commit</code> really does, feel free to investigate: it’s a few very simple shell scripts to generate the helpful (?) commit message headers, and a few one-liners that actually do the @@ -1268,7 +1268,7 @@ <div class="paragraph"><p>In fact, together with the <em>git rev-list</em> program (which generates a list of revisions), <em>git diff-tree</em> ends up being a veritable fount of changes. A trivial (but very useful) script called <em>git whatchanged</em> is -included with git which does exactly this, and shows a log of recent +included with Git which does exactly this, and shows a log of recent activities.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>To see the whole history of our pitiful little git-tutorial project, you can do</p></div> @@ -1297,7 +1297,7 @@ which is a flag for <em>git diff-tree</em> accepted by both commands.</td> </tr></table> </div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>With that, you should now be having some inkling of what git does, and +<div class="paragraph"><p>With that, you should now be having some inkling of what Git does, and can explore on your own.</p></div> <div class="admonitionblock"> <table><tr> @@ -1305,7 +1305,7 @@ <div class="title">Note</div> </td> <td class="content">Most likely, you are not directly using the core -git Plumbing commands, but using Porcelain such as <em>git add</em>, ‘git-rm’ +Git Plumbing commands, but using Porcelain such as <em>git add</em>, ‘git-rm’ and ‘git-commit’.</td> </tr></table> </div> @@ -1314,7 +1314,7 @@ <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_tagging_a_version">Tagging a version</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> -<div class="paragraph"><p>In git, there are two kinds of tags, a "light" one, and an "annotated tag".</p></div> +<div class="paragraph"><p>In Git, there are two kinds of tags, a "light" one, and an "annotated tag".</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>A "light" tag is technically nothing more than a branch, except we put it in the <code>.git/refs/tags/</code> subdirectory instead of calling it a <code>head</code>. So the simplest form of tag involves nothing more than</p></div> @@ -1333,7 +1333,7 @@ obviously be an empty diff, but if you continue to develop and commit stuff, you can use your tag as an "anchor-point" to see what has changed since you tagged it.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>An "annotated tag" is actually a real git object, and contains not only a +<div class="paragraph"><p>An "annotated tag" is actually a real Git object, and contains not only a pointer to the state you want to tag, but also a small tag name and message, along with optionally a PGP signature that says that yes, you really did @@ -1356,20 +1356,20 @@ <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_copying_repositories">Copying repositories</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> -<div class="paragraph"><p>git repositories are normally totally self-sufficient and relocatable. +<div class="paragraph"><p>Git repositories are normally totally self-sufficient and relocatable. Unlike CVS, for example, there is no separate notion of -"repository" and "working tree". A git repository normally <strong>is</strong> the -working tree, with the local git information hidden in the <code>.git</code> +"repository" and "working tree". A Git repository normally <strong>is</strong> the +working tree, with the local Git information hidden in the <code>.git</code> subdirectory. There is nothing else. What you see is what you got.</p></div> <div class="admonitionblock"> <table><tr> <td class="icon"> <div class="title">Note</div> </td> -<td class="content">You can tell git to split the git internal information from +<td class="content">You can tell Git to split the Git internal information from the directory that it tracks, but we’ll ignore that for now: it’s not how normal projects work, and it’s really only meant for special uses. -So the mental model of "the git information is always tied directly to +So the mental model of "the Git information is always tied directly to the working tree that it describes" may not be technically 100% accurate, but it’s a good model for all normal use.</td> </tr></table> @@ -1390,13 +1390,13 @@ </li> <li> <p> -if you want to move or duplicate a git repository, you can do so. There +if you want to move or duplicate a Git repository, you can do so. There is <em>git clone</em> command, but if all you want to do is just to create a copy of your repository (with all the full history that went along with it), you can do so with a regular <code>cp -a git-tutorial new-git-tutorial</code>. </p> -<div class="paragraph"><p>Note that when you’ve moved or copied a git repository, your git index +<div class="paragraph"><p>Note that when you’ve moved or copied a Git repository, your Git index file (which caches various information, notably some of the "stat" information for the files involved) will likely need to be refreshed. So after you do a <code>cp -a</code> to create a new copy, you’ll want to do</p></div> @@ -1408,7 +1408,7 @@ </li> </ul></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>Note that the second point is true even across machines. You can -duplicate a remote git repository with <strong>any</strong> regular copy mechanism, be it +duplicate a remote Git repository with <strong>any</strong> regular copy mechanism, be it <em>scp</em>, <em>rsync</em> or <em>wget</em>.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>When copying a remote repository, you’ll want to at a minimum update the index cache when you do this, and especially with other peoples' @@ -1431,21 +1431,21 @@ <div class="content"> <pre><code>$ git reset</code></pre> </div></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>and in fact a lot of the common git command combinations can be scripted +<div class="paragraph"><p>and in fact a lot of the common Git command combinations can be scripted with the <code>git xyz</code> interfaces. You can learn things by just looking at what the various git scripts do. For example, <code>git reset</code> used to be the above two lines implemented in <em>git reset</em>, but some things like <em>git status</em> and <em>git commit</em> are slightly more complex scripts around -the basic git commands.</p></div> +the basic Git commands.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>Many (most?) public remote repositories will not contain any of the checked out files or even an index file, and will <strong>only</strong> contain the -actual core git files. Such a repository usually doesn’t even have the -<code>.git</code> subdirectory, but has all the git files directly in the +actual core Git files. Such a repository usually doesn’t even have the +<code>.git</code> subdirectory, but has all the Git files directly in the repository.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>To create your own local live copy of such a "raw" git repository, you’d +<div class="paragraph"><p>To create your own local live copy of such a "raw" Git repository, you’d first create your own subdirectory for the project, and then copy the raw repository contents into the <code>.git</code> directory. For example, to -create your own copy of the git repository, you’d do the following</p></div> +create your own copy of the Git repository, you’d do the following</p></div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>$ mkdir my-git @@ -1458,7 +1458,7 @@ <pre><code>$ git read-tree HEAD</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>to populate the index. However, now you have populated the index, and -you have all the git internal files, but you will notice that you don’t +you have all the Git internal files, but you will notice that you don’t actually have any of the working tree files to work on. To get those, you’d check them out with</p></div> <div class="listingblock"> @@ -1486,7 +1486,7 @@ <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_creating_a_new_branch">Creating a new branch</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> -<div class="paragraph"><p>Branches in git are really nothing more than pointers into the git +<div class="paragraph"><p>Branches in Git are really nothing more than pointers into the Git object database from within the <code>.git/refs/</code> subdirectory, and as we already discussed, the <code>HEAD</code> branch is nothing but a symlink to one of these object pointers.</p></div> @@ -1572,7 +1572,7 @@ <div class="paragraph"><p>Here, we just added another line to <code>hello</code>, and we used a shorthand for doing both <code>git update-index hello</code> and <code>git commit</code> by just giving the filename directly to <code>git commit</code>, with an <code>-i</code> flag (it tells -git to <em>include</em> that file in addition to what you have done to +Git to <em>include</em> that file in addition to what you have done to the index file so far when making the commit). The <code>-m</code> flag is to give the commit log message from the command line.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>Now, to make it a bit more interesting, let’s assume that somebody else @@ -1615,7 +1615,7 @@ <div class="paragraph"><p>where the first argument is going to be used as the commit message if the merge can be resolved automatically.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>Now, in this case we’ve intentionally created a situation where the -merge will need to be fixed up by hand, though, so git will do as much +merge will need to be fixed up by hand, though, so Git will do as much of it as it can automatically (which in this case is just merge the <code>example</code> file, which had no differences in the <code>mybranch</code> branch), and say:</p></div> <div class="listingblock"> @@ -1649,7 +1649,7 @@ history looks like. Notice that <code>mybranch</code> still exists, and you can switch to it, and continue to work with it if you want to. The <code>mybranch</code> branch will not contain the merge, but next time you merge it -from the <code>master</code> branch, git will know how you merged it, so you’ll not +from the <code>master</code> branch, Git will know how you merged it, so you’ll not have to do <em>that</em> merge again.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>Another useful tool, especially if you do not always work in X-Window environment, is <code>git show-branch</code>.</p></div> @@ -1742,7 +1742,7 @@ <h2 id="_merging_external_work">Merging external work</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"><p>It’s usually much more common that you merge with somebody else than -merging with your own branches, so it’s worth pointing out that git +merging with your own branches, so it’s worth pointing out that Git makes that very easy too, and in fact, it’s not that different from doing a <em>git merge</em>. In fact, a remote merge ends up being nothing more than "fetch the work from a remote repository into a temporary tag" @@ -1787,7 +1787,7 @@ remote machine. It finds out the set of objects the other side lacks by exchanging the head commits both ends have and transfers (close to) minimum set of objects. It is by far the -most efficient way to exchange git objects between repositories.</p></div> +most efficient way to exchange Git objects between repositories.</p></div> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"> Local directory @@ -1801,7 +1801,7 @@ the remote machine via <em>ssh</em>.</p></div> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"> -git Native +Git Native </dt> <dd> <p> @@ -1829,8 +1829,8 @@ necessary objects. Because of this behavior, they are sometimes also called <em>commit walkers</em>.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>The <em>commit walkers</em> are sometimes also called <em>dumb -transports</em>, because they do not require any git aware smart -server like git Native transport does. Any stock HTTP server +transports</em>, because they do not require any Git aware smart +server like Git Native transport does. Any stock HTTP server that does not even support directory index would suffice. But you must prepare your repository with <em>git update-server-info</em> to help dumb transport downloaders.</p></div> @@ -2057,7 +2057,7 @@ <div class="title">Note</div> </td> <td class="content">This public repository could further be mirrored, and that is -how git repositories at <code>kernel.org</code> are managed.</td> +how Git repositories at <code>kernel.org</code> are managed.</td> </tr></table> </div> <div class="paragraph"><p>Publishing the changes from your local (private) repository to @@ -2080,7 +2080,7 @@ the network internally uses an SSH connection.</td> </tr></table> </div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>Your private repository’s git directory is usually <code>.git</code>, but +<div class="paragraph"><p>Your private repository’s Git directory is usually <code>.git</code>, but your public repository is often named after the project name, i.e. <code><project>.git</code>. Let’s create such a public repository for project <code>my-git</code>. After logging into the remote machine, create @@ -2089,7 +2089,7 @@ <div class="content"> <pre><code>$ mkdir my-git.git</code></pre> </div></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>Then, make that directory into a git repository by running +<div class="paragraph"><p>Then, make that directory into a Git repository by running <em>git init</em>, but this time, since its name is not the usual <code>.git</code>, we do things slightly differently:</p></div> <div class="listingblock"> @@ -2134,7 +2134,7 @@ <div class="paragraph"><p>This synchronizes your public repository to match the named branch head (i.e. <code>master</code> in this case) and objects reachable from them in your current repository.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>As a real example, this is how I update my public git +<div class="paragraph"><p>As a real example, this is how I update my public Git repository. Kernel.org mirror network takes care of the propagation to other publicly visible machines:</p></div> <div class="listingblock"> @@ -2147,9 +2147,9 @@ <h2 id="_packing_your_repository">Packing your repository</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"><p>Earlier, we saw that one file under <code>.git/objects/??/</code> directory -is stored for each git object you create. This representation +is stored for each Git object you create. This representation is efficient to create atomically and safely, but -not so convenient to transport over the network. Since git objects are +not so convenient to transport over the network. Since Git objects are immutable once they are created, there is a way to optimize the storage by "packing them together". The command</p></div> <div class="listingblock"> @@ -2220,13 +2220,13 @@ <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_working_with_others">Working with Others</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> -<div class="paragraph"><p>Although git is a truly distributed system, it is often +<div class="paragraph"><p>Although Git is a truly distributed system, it is often convenient to organize your project with an informal hierarchy of developers. Linux kernel development is run this way. There is a nice illustration (page 17, "Merges to Mainline") in <a href="http://www.xenotime.net/linux/mentor/linux-mentoring-2006.pdf">Randy Dunlap’s presentation</a>.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>It should be stressed that this hierarchy is purely <strong>informal</strong>. -There is nothing fundamental in git that enforces the "chain of +There is nothing fundamental in Git that enforces the "chain of patch flow" this hierarchy implies. You do not have to pull from only one remote repository.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>A recommended workflow for a "project lead" goes like this:</p></div> @@ -2394,7 +2394,7 @@ <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"><p>If you are coming from CVS background, the style of cooperation suggested in the previous section may be new to you. You do not -have to worry. git supports "shared public repository" style of +have to worry. Git supports "shared public repository" style of cooperation you are probably more familiar with as well.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>See <a href="gitcvs-migration.html">gitcvs-migration(7)</a> for the details.</p></div> </div> @@ -2404,7 +2404,7 @@ <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"><p>It is likely that you will be working on more than one thing at a time. It is easy to manage those more-or-less independent tasks -using branches with git.</p></div> +using branches with Git.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>We have already seen how branches work previously, with "fun and work" example using two branches. The idea is the same if there are more than two branches. Let’s say you started @@ -2512,7 +2512,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2012-09-17 16:55:59 PDT +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/gitcore-tutorial.txt b/gitcore-tutorial.txt index 5325c5a..59c1c17 100644 --- a/gitcore-tutorial.txt +++ b/gitcore-tutorial.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ NAME ---- -gitcore-tutorial - A git core tutorial for developers +gitcore-tutorial - A Git core tutorial for developers SYNOPSIS -------- @@ -12,17 +12,17 @@ DESCRIPTION ----------- -This tutorial explains how to use the "core" git commands to set up and -work with a git repository. +This tutorial explains how to use the "core" Git commands to set up and +work with a Git repository. -If you just need to use git as a revision control system you may prefer -to start with "A Tutorial Introduction to GIT" (linkgit:gittutorial[7]) or -link:user-manual.html[the GIT User Manual]. +If you just need to use Git as a revision control system you may prefer +to start with "A Tutorial Introduction to Git" (linkgit:gittutorial[7]) or +link:user-manual.html[the Git User Manual]. However, an understanding of these low-level tools can be helpful if -you want to understand git's internals. +you want to understand Git's internals. -The core git is often called "plumbing", with the prettier user +The core Git is often called "plumbing", with the prettier user interfaces on top of it called "porcelain". You may not want to use the plumbing directly very often, but it can be good to know what the plumbing does for when the porcelain isn't flushing. @@ -40,19 +40,19 @@ skip on your first reading. -Creating a git repository +Creating a Git repository ------------------------- -Creating a new git repository couldn't be easier: all git repositories start +Creating a new Git repository couldn't be easier: all Git repositories start out empty, and the only thing you need to do is find yourself a subdirectory that you want to use as a working tree - either an empty one for a totally new project, or an existing working tree that you want -to import into git. +to import into Git. For our first example, we're going to start a totally new repository from scratch, with no pre-existing files, and we'll call it 'git-tutorial'. To start up, create a subdirectory for it, change into that -subdirectory, and initialize the git infrastructure with 'git init': +subdirectory, and initialize the Git infrastructure with 'git init': ------------------------------------------------ $ mkdir git-tutorial @@ -60,13 +60,13 @@ $ git init ------------------------------------------------ -to which git will reply +to which Git will reply ---------------- Initialized empty Git repository in .git/ ---------------- -which is just git's way of saying that you haven't been doing anything +which is just Git's way of saying that you haven't been doing anything strange, and that it will have created a local `.git` directory setup for your new project. You will now have a `.git` directory, and you can inspect that with 'ls'. For your new empty project, it should show you @@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ However, this is only a convention, and you can name your branches anything you want, and don't have to ever even 'have' a `master` -branch. A number of the git tools will assume that `.git/HEAD` is +branch. A number of the Git tools will assume that `.git/HEAD` is valid, though. [NOTE] @@ -119,18 +119,18 @@ An advanced user may want to take a look at linkgit:gitrepository-layout[5] after finishing this tutorial. -You have now created your first git repository. Of course, since it's +You have now created your first Git repository. Of course, since it's empty, that's not very useful, so let's start populating it with data. -Populating a git repository +Populating a Git repository --------------------------- We'll keep this simple and stupid, so we'll start off with populating a few trivial files just to get a feel for it. Start off with just creating any random files that you want to maintain -in your git repository. We'll start off with a few bad examples, just to +in your Git repository. We'll start off with a few bad examples, just to get a feel for how this works: ------------------------------------------------ @@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ - commit that index file as an object. -The first step is trivial: when you want to tell git about any changes +The first step is trivial: when you want to tell Git about any changes to your working tree, you use the 'git update-index' program. That program normally just takes a list of filenames you want to update, but to avoid trivial mistakes, it refuses to add new entries to the index @@ -160,10 +160,10 @@ $ git update-index --add hello example ------------------------------------------------ -and you have now told git to track those two files. +and you have now told Git to track those two files. In fact, as you did that, if you now look into your object directory, -you'll notice that git will have added two new objects to the object +you'll notice that Git will have added two new objects to the object database. If you did exactly the steps above, you should now be able to do @@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ ---------------- where the `-t` tells 'git cat-file' to tell you what the "type" of the -object is. git will tell you that you have a "blob" object (i.e., just a +object is. Git will tell you that you have a "blob" object (i.e., just a regular file), and you can see the contents with ---------------- @@ -214,28 +214,28 @@ look at the objects themselves, and typing long 40-character hex names is not something you'd normally want to do. The above digression was just to show that 'git update-index' did something magical, and -actually saved away the contents of your files into the git object +actually saved away the contents of your files into the Git object database. Updating the index did something else too: it created a `.git/index` file. This is the index that describes your current working tree, and something you should be very aware of. Again, you normally never worry about the index file itself, but you should be aware of the fact that -you have not actually really "checked in" your files into git so far, -you've only *told* git about them. +you have not actually really "checked in" your files into Git so far, +you've only *told* Git about them. -However, since git knows about them, you can now start using some of the -most basic git commands to manipulate the files or look at their status. +However, since Git knows about them, you can now start using some of the +most basic Git commands to manipulate the files or look at their status. -In particular, let's not even check in the two files into git yet, we'll +In particular, let's not even check in the two files into Git yet, we'll start off by adding another line to `hello` first: ------------------------------------------------ $ echo "It's a new day for git" >>hello ------------------------------------------------ -and you can now, since you told git about the previous state of `hello`, ask -git what has changed in the tree compared to your old index, using the +and you can now, since you told Git about the previous state of `hello`, ask +Git what has changed in the tree compared to your old index, using the 'git diff-files' command: ------------ @@ -282,11 +282,11 @@ ------------ -Committing git state +Committing Git state -------------------- -Now, we want to go to the next stage in git, which is to take the files -that git knows about in the index, and commit them as a real tree. We do +Now, we want to go to the next stage in Git, which is to take the files +that Git knows about in the index, and commit them as a real tree. We do that in two phases: creating a 'tree' object, and committing that 'tree' object as a 'commit' object together with an explanation of what the tree was all about, along with information of how we came to that state. @@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ current index state, and write an object that describes that whole index. In other words, we're now tying together all the different filenames with their contents (and their permissions), and we're -creating the equivalent of a git "directory" object: +creating the equivalent of a Git "directory" object: ------------------------------------------------ $ git write-tree @@ -415,9 +415,9 @@ flag really only determines whether the file *contents* to be compared come from the working tree or not. -This is not hard to understand, as soon as you realize that git simply +This is not hard to understand, as soon as you realize that Git simply never knows (or cares) about files that it is not told about -explicitly. git will never go *looking* for files to compare, it +explicitly. Git will never go *looking* for files to compare, it expects you to tell it what the files are, and that's what the index is there for. ================ @@ -433,7 +433,7 @@ $ git update-index hello ------------------------------------------------ -(note how we didn't need the `--add` flag this time, since git knew +(note how we didn't need the `--add` flag this time, since Git knew about the file already). Note what happens to the different 'git diff-{asterisk}' versions here. @@ -464,7 +464,7 @@ can just leave an empty message. Otherwise `git commit` will commit the change for you. -You've now made your first real git commit. And if you're interested in +You've now made your first real Git commit. And if you're interested in looking at what `git commit` really does, feel free to investigate: it's a few very simple shell scripts to generate the helpful (?) commit message headers, and a few one-liners that actually do the @@ -535,7 +535,7 @@ In fact, together with the 'git rev-list' program (which generates a list of revisions), 'git diff-tree' ends up being a veritable fount of changes. A trivial (but very useful) script called 'git whatchanged' is -included with git which does exactly this, and shows a log of recent +included with Git which does exactly this, and shows a log of recent activities. To see the whole history of our pitiful little git-tutorial project, you @@ -563,19 +563,19 @@ can still show it for each command just adding the `--root` option, which is a flag for 'git diff-tree' accepted by both commands. -With that, you should now be having some inkling of what git does, and +With that, you should now be having some inkling of what Git does, and can explore on your own. [NOTE] Most likely, you are not directly using the core -git Plumbing commands, but using Porcelain such as 'git add', `git-rm' +Git Plumbing commands, but using Porcelain such as 'git add', `git-rm' and `git-commit'. Tagging a version ----------------- -In git, there are two kinds of tags, a "light" one, and an "annotated tag". +In Git, there are two kinds of tags, a "light" one, and an "annotated tag". A "light" tag is technically nothing more than a branch, except we put it in the `.git/refs/tags/` subdirectory instead of calling it a `head`. @@ -598,7 +598,7 @@ stuff, you can use your tag as an "anchor-point" to see what has changed since you tagged it. -An "annotated tag" is actually a real git object, and contains not only a +An "annotated tag" is actually a real Git object, and contains not only a pointer to the state you want to tag, but also a small tag name and message, along with optionally a PGP signature that says that yes, you really did @@ -623,17 +623,17 @@ Copying repositories -------------------- -git repositories are normally totally self-sufficient and relocatable. +Git repositories are normally totally self-sufficient and relocatable. Unlike CVS, for example, there is no separate notion of -"repository" and "working tree". A git repository normally *is* the -working tree, with the local git information hidden in the `.git` +"repository" and "working tree". A Git repository normally *is* the +working tree, with the local Git information hidden in the `.git` subdirectory. There is nothing else. What you see is what you got. [NOTE] -You can tell git to split the git internal information from +You can tell Git to split the Git internal information from the directory that it tracks, but we'll ignore that for now: it's not how normal projects work, and it's really only meant for special uses. -So the mental model of "the git information is always tied directly to +So the mental model of "the Git information is always tied directly to the working tree that it describes" may not be technically 100% accurate, but it's a good model for all normal use. @@ -649,13 +649,13 @@ and it will be gone. There's no external repository, and there's no history outside the project you created. - - if you want to move or duplicate a git repository, you can do so. There + - if you want to move or duplicate a Git repository, you can do so. There is 'git clone' command, but if all you want to do is just to create a copy of your repository (with all the full history that went along with it), you can do so with a regular `cp -a git-tutorial new-git-tutorial`. + -Note that when you've moved or copied a git repository, your git index +Note that when you've moved or copied a Git repository, your Git index file (which caches various information, notably some of the "stat" information for the files involved) will likely need to be refreshed. So after you do a `cp -a` to create a new copy, you'll want to do @@ -667,7 +667,7 @@ in the new repository to make sure that the index file is up-to-date. Note that the second point is true even across machines. You can -duplicate a remote git repository with *any* regular copy mechanism, be it +duplicate a remote Git repository with *any* regular copy mechanism, be it 'scp', 'rsync' or 'wget'. When copying a remote repository, you'll want to at a minimum update the @@ -694,23 +694,23 @@ $ git reset ---------------- -and in fact a lot of the common git command combinations can be scripted +and in fact a lot of the common Git command combinations can be scripted with the `git xyz` interfaces. You can learn things by just looking at what the various git scripts do. For example, `git reset` used to be the above two lines implemented in 'git reset', but some things like 'git status' and 'git commit' are slightly more complex scripts around -the basic git commands. +the basic Git commands. Many (most?) public remote repositories will not contain any of the checked out files or even an index file, and will *only* contain the -actual core git files. Such a repository usually doesn't even have the -`.git` subdirectory, but has all the git files directly in the +actual core Git files. Such a repository usually doesn't even have the +`.git` subdirectory, but has all the Git files directly in the repository. -To create your own local live copy of such a "raw" git repository, you'd +To create your own local live copy of such a "raw" Git repository, you'd first create your own subdirectory for the project, and then copy the raw repository contents into the `.git` directory. For example, to -create your own copy of the git repository, you'd do the following +create your own copy of the Git repository, you'd do the following ---------------- $ mkdir my-git @@ -725,7 +725,7 @@ ---------------- to populate the index. However, now you have populated the index, and -you have all the git internal files, but you will notice that you don't +you have all the Git internal files, but you will notice that you don't actually have any of the working tree files to work on. To get those, you'd check them out with @@ -757,7 +757,7 @@ Creating a new branch --------------------- -Branches in git are really nothing more than pointers into the git +Branches in Git are really nothing more than pointers into the Git object database from within the `.git/refs/` subdirectory, and as we already discussed, the `HEAD` branch is nothing but a symlink to one of these object pointers. @@ -849,7 +849,7 @@ Here, we just added another line to `hello`, and we used a shorthand for doing both `git update-index hello` and `git commit` by just giving the filename directly to `git commit`, with an `-i` flag (it tells -git to 'include' that file in addition to what you have done to +Git to 'include' that file in addition to what you have done to the index file so far when making the commit). The `-m` flag is to give the commit log message from the command line. @@ -900,7 +900,7 @@ the merge can be resolved automatically. Now, in this case we've intentionally created a situation where the -merge will need to be fixed up by hand, though, so git will do as much +merge will need to be fixed up by hand, though, so Git will do as much of it as it can automatically (which in this case is just merge the `example` file, which had no differences in the `mybranch` branch), and say: @@ -939,7 +939,7 @@ history looks like. Notice that `mybranch` still exists, and you can switch to it, and continue to work with it if you want to. The `mybranch` branch will not contain the merge, but next time you merge it -from the `master` branch, git will know how you merged it, so you'll not +from the `master` branch, Git will know how you merged it, so you'll not have to do _that_ merge again. Another useful tool, especially if you do not always work in X-Window @@ -1028,7 +1028,7 @@ --------------------- It's usually much more common that you merge with somebody else than -merging with your own branches, so it's worth pointing out that git +merging with your own branches, so it's worth pointing out that Git makes that very easy too, and in fact, it's not that different from doing a 'git merge'. In fact, a remote merge ends up being nothing more than "fetch the work from a remote repository into a temporary tag" @@ -1068,7 +1068,7 @@ remote machine. It finds out the set of objects the other side lacks by exchanging the head commits both ends have and transfers (close to) minimum set of objects. It is by far the -most efficient way to exchange git objects between repositories. +most efficient way to exchange Git objects between repositories. Local directory:: `/path/to/repo.git/` @@ -1077,7 +1077,7 @@ both ends on the local machine instead of running other end on the remote machine via 'ssh'. -git Native:: +Git Native:: `git://remote.machine/path/to/repo.git/` + This transport was designed for anonymous downloading. Like SSH @@ -1099,8 +1099,8 @@ sometimes also called 'commit walkers'. + The 'commit walkers' are sometimes also called 'dumb -transports', because they do not require any git aware smart -server like git Native transport does. Any stock HTTP server +transports', because they do not require any Git aware smart +server like Git Native transport does. Any stock HTTP server that does not even support directory index would suffice. But you must prepare your repository with 'git update-server-info' to help dumb transport downloaders. @@ -1321,7 +1321,7 @@ [NOTE] This public repository could further be mirrored, and that is -how git repositories at `kernel.org` are managed. +how Git repositories at `kernel.org` are managed. Publishing the changes from your local (private) repository to your remote (public) repository requires a write privilege on @@ -1340,7 +1340,7 @@ on the remote machine. The communication between the two over the network internally uses an SSH connection. -Your private repository's git directory is usually `.git`, but +Your private repository's Git directory is usually `.git`, but your public repository is often named after the project name, i.e. `<project>.git`. Let's create such a public repository for project `my-git`. After logging into the remote machine, create @@ -1350,7 +1350,7 @@ $ mkdir my-git.git ------------ -Then, make that directory into a git repository by running +Then, make that directory into a Git repository by running 'git init', but this time, since its name is not the usual `.git`, we do things slightly differently: @@ -1389,7 +1389,7 @@ branch head (i.e. `master` in this case) and objects reachable from them in your current repository. -As a real example, this is how I update my public git +As a real example, this is how I update my public Git repository. Kernel.org mirror network takes care of the propagation to other publicly visible machines: @@ -1402,9 +1402,9 @@ ----------------------- Earlier, we saw that one file under `.git/objects/??/` directory -is stored for each git object you create. This representation +is stored for each Git object you create. This representation is efficient to create atomically and safely, but -not so convenient to transport over the network. Since git objects are +not so convenient to transport over the network. Since Git objects are immutable once they are created, there is a way to optimize the storage by "packing them together". The command @@ -1472,14 +1472,14 @@ Working with Others ------------------- -Although git is a truly distributed system, it is often +Although Git is a truly distributed system, it is often convenient to organize your project with an informal hierarchy of developers. Linux kernel development is run this way. There is a nice illustration (page 17, "Merges to Mainline") in link:http://www.xenotime.net/linux/mentor/linux-mentoring-2006.pdf[Randy Dunlap's presentation]. It should be stressed that this hierarchy is purely *informal*. -There is nothing fundamental in git that enforces the "chain of +There is nothing fundamental in Git that enforces the "chain of patch flow" this hierarchy implies. You do not have to pull from only one remote repository. @@ -1592,7 +1592,7 @@ If you are coming from CVS background, the style of cooperation suggested in the previous section may be new to you. You do not -have to worry. git supports "shared public repository" style of +have to worry. Git supports "shared public repository" style of cooperation you are probably more familiar with as well. See linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7] for the details. @@ -1602,7 +1602,7 @@ It is likely that you will be working on more than one thing at a time. It is easy to manage those more-or-less independent tasks -using branches with git. +using branches with Git. We have already seen how branches work previously, with "fun and work" example using two branches. The idea is the diff --git a/gitcredentials.html b/gitcredentials.html index 9378be4..71daad1 100644 --- a/gitcredentials.html +++ b/gitcredentials.html
@@ -737,7 +737,7 @@ <h2>NAME</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <p>gitcredentials - - providing usernames and passwords to git + providing usernames and passwords to Git </p> </div> </div> @@ -758,14 +758,14 @@ <div class="paragraph"><p>Git will sometimes need credentials from the user in order to perform operations; for example, it may need to ask for a username and password in order to access a remote repository over HTTP. This manual describes -the mechanisms git uses to request these credentials, as well as some +the mechanisms Git uses to request these credentials, as well as some features to avoid inputting these credentials repeatedly.</p></div> </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_requesting_credentials">REQUESTING CREDENTIALS</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> -<div class="paragraph"><p>Without any credential helpers defined, git will try the following +<div class="paragraph"><p>Without any credential helpers defined, Git will try the following strategies to ask the user for usernames and passwords:</p></div> <div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic"> <li> @@ -821,7 +821,7 @@ <pre><code>[credential "https://example.com"] username = me</code></pre> </div></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>Credential helpers, on the other hand, are external programs from which git can +<div class="paragraph"><p>Credential helpers, on the other hand, are external programs from which Git can request both usernames and passwords; they typically interface with secure storage provided by the OS or other programs.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>To use a helper, you must first select one to use. Git currently @@ -849,7 +849,7 @@ <div class="paragraph"><p>You may also have third-party helpers installed; search for <code>credential-*</code> in the output of <code>git help -a</code>, and consult the documentation of individual helpers. Once you have selected a helper, -you can tell git to use it by putting its name into the +you can tell Git to use it by putting its name into the credential.helper variable.</p></div> <div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic"> <li> @@ -873,7 +873,7 @@ </li> <li> <p> -Tell git to use it. +Tell Git to use it. </p> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> @@ -883,7 +883,7 @@ </ol></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>If there are multiple instances of the <code>credential.helper</code> configuration variable, each helper will be tried in turn, and may provide a username, -password, or nothing. Once git has acquired both a username and a +password, or nothing. Once Git has acquired both a username and a password, no more helpers will be tried.</p></div> </div> </div> @@ -893,7 +893,7 @@ <div class="paragraph"><p>Git considers each credential to have a context defined by a URL. This context is used to look up context-specific configuration, and is passed to any helpers, which may use it as an index into secure storage.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>For instance, imagine we are accessing <code>https://example.com/foo.git</code>. When git +<div class="paragraph"><p>For instance, imagine we are accessing <code>https://example.com/foo.git</code>. When Git looks into a config file to see if a section matches this context, it will consider the two a match if the context is a more-specific subset of the pattern in the config file. For example, if you have this in your config file:</p></div> @@ -910,10 +910,10 @@ <pre><code>[credential "https://kernel.org"] username = foo</code></pre> </div></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>because the hostnames differ. Nor would it match <code>foo.example.com</code>; git +<div class="paragraph"><p>because the hostnames differ. Nor would it match <code>foo.example.com</code>; Git compares hostnames exactly, without considering whether two hosts are part of the same domain. Likewise, a config entry for <code>http://example.com</code> would not -match: git compares the protocols exactly.</p></div> +match: Git compares the protocols exactly.</p></div> </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> @@ -951,7 +951,7 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - By default, git does not consider the "path" component of an http URL + By default, Git does not consider the "path" component of an http URL to be worth matching via external helpers. This means that a credential stored for <code>https://example.com/foo.git</code> will also be used for <code>https://example.com/bar.git</code>. If you do want to distinguish these @@ -965,7 +965,7 @@ <h2 id="_custom_helpers">CUSTOM HELPERS</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"><p>You can write your own custom helpers to interface with any system in -which you keep credentials. See the documentation for git’s +which you keep credentials. See the documentation for Git’s <a href="technical/api-credentials.html">credentials API</a> for details.</p></div> </div> </div> @@ -979,7 +979,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2012-05-02 15:00:44 PDT +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/gitcredentials.txt b/gitcredentials.txt index 7dfffc0..47576be 100644 --- a/gitcredentials.txt +++ b/gitcredentials.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ NAME ---- -gitcredentials - providing usernames and passwords to git +gitcredentials - providing usernames and passwords to Git SYNOPSIS -------- @@ -18,13 +18,13 @@ Git will sometimes need credentials from the user in order to perform operations; for example, it may need to ask for a username and password in order to access a remote repository over HTTP. This manual describes -the mechanisms git uses to request these credentials, as well as some +the mechanisms Git uses to request these credentials, as well as some features to avoid inputting these credentials repeatedly. REQUESTING CREDENTIALS ---------------------- -Without any credential helpers defined, git will try the following +Without any credential helpers defined, Git will try the following strategies to ask the user for usernames and passwords: 1. If the `GIT_ASKPASS` environment variable is set, the program @@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ username = me --------------------------------------- -Credential helpers, on the other hand, are external programs from which git can +Credential helpers, on the other hand, are external programs from which Git can request both usernames and passwords; they typically interface with secure storage provided by the OS or other programs. @@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ You may also have third-party helpers installed; search for `credential-*` in the output of `git help -a`, and consult the documentation of individual helpers. Once you have selected a helper, -you can tell git to use it by putting its name into the +you can tell Git to use it by putting its name into the credential.helper variable. 1. Find a helper. @@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ $ git help credential-foo ------------------------------------------- -3. Tell git to use it. +3. Tell Git to use it. + ------------------------------------------- $ git config --global credential.helper foo @@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ If there are multiple instances of the `credential.helper` configuration variable, each helper will be tried in turn, and may provide a username, -password, or nothing. Once git has acquired both a username and a +password, or nothing. Once Git has acquired both a username and a password, no more helpers will be tried. @@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ is used to look up context-specific configuration, and is passed to any helpers, which may use it as an index into secure storage. -For instance, imagine we are accessing `https://example.com/foo.git`. When git +For instance, imagine we are accessing `https://example.com/foo.git`. When Git looks into a config file to see if a section matches this context, it will consider the two a match if the context is a more-specific subset of the pattern in the config file. For example, if you have this in your config file: @@ -133,10 +133,10 @@ username = foo -------------------------------------- -because the hostnames differ. Nor would it match `foo.example.com`; git +because the hostnames differ. Nor would it match `foo.example.com`; Git compares hostnames exactly, without considering whether two hosts are part of the same domain. Likewise, a config entry for `http://example.com` would not -match: git compares the protocols exactly. +match: Git compares the protocols exactly. CONFIGURATION OPTIONS @@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ useHttpPath:: - By default, git does not consider the "path" component of an http URL + By default, Git does not consider the "path" component of an http URL to be worth matching via external helpers. This means that a credential stored for `https://example.com/foo.git` will also be used for `https://example.com/bar.git`. If you do want to distinguish these @@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ -------------- You can write your own custom helpers to interface with any system in -which you keep credentials. See the documentation for git's +which you keep credentials. See the documentation for Git's link:technical/api-credentials.html[credentials API] for details. GIT
diff --git a/gitcvs-migration.html b/gitcvs-migration.html index f859698..e167dff 100644 --- a/gitcvs-migration.html +++ b/gitcvs-migration.html
@@ -737,7 +737,7 @@ <h2>NAME</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <p>gitcvs-migration - - git for CVS users + Git for CVS users </p> </div> </div> @@ -759,7 +759,7 @@ important than any other. However, you can emulate the CVS model by designating a single shared repository which people can synchronize with; this document explains how to do that.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>Some basic familiarity with git is required. Having gone through +<div class="paragraph"><p>Some basic familiarity with Git is required. Having gone through <a href="gittutorial.html">gittutorial(7)</a> and <a href="gitglossary.html">gitglossary(7)</a> should be sufficient.</p></div> </div> @@ -822,7 +822,7 @@ <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_setting_up_a_shared_repository">Setting Up a Shared Repository</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> -<div class="paragraph"><p>We assume you have already created a git repository for your project, +<div class="paragraph"><p>We assume you have already created a Git repository for your project, possibly created from scratch or from a tarball (see <a href="gittutorial.html">gittutorial(7)</a>), or imported from an already existing CVS repository (see the next section).</p></div> @@ -840,7 +840,7 @@ easy way to do this is to give all the team members ssh access to the machine where the repository is hosted. If you don’t want to give them a full shell on the machine, there is a restricted shell which only allows -users to do git pushes and pulls; see <a href="git-shell.html">git-shell(1)</a>.</p></div> +users to do Git pushes and pulls; see <a href="git-shell.html">git-shell(1)</a>.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>Put all the committers in the same group, and make the repository writable by that group:</p></div> <div class="listingblock"> @@ -862,14 +862,14 @@ <div class="content"> <pre><code>$ git cvsimport -C <destination> <module></code></pre> </div></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>This puts a git archive of the named CVS module in the directory +<div class="paragraph"><p>This puts a Git archive of the named CVS module in the directory <destination>, which will be created if necessary.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>The import checks out from CVS every revision of every file. Reportedly cvsimport can average some twenty revisions per second, so for a medium-sized project this should not take more than a couple of minutes. Larger projects or remote repositories may take longer.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>The main trunk is stored in the git branch named <code>origin</code>, and additional -CVS branches are stored in git branches with the same names. The most +<div class="paragraph"><p>The main trunk is stored in the Git branch named <code>origin</code>, and additional +CVS branches are stored in Git branches with the same names. The most recent version of the main trunk is also left checked out on the <code>master</code> branch, so you can start adding your own changes right away.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>The import is incremental, so if you call it again next month it will @@ -895,9 +895,9 @@ </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> -<h2 id="_providing_cvs_access_to_a_git_repository">Providing CVS Access to a git Repository</h2> +<h2 id="_providing_cvs_access_to_a_git_repository">Providing CVS Access to a Git Repository</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> -<div class="paragraph"><p>It is also possible to provide true CVS access to a git repository, so +<div class="paragraph"><p>It is also possible to provide true CVS access to a Git repository, so that developers can still use CVS; see <a href="git-cvsserver.html">git-cvsserver(1)</a> for details.</p></div> </div> @@ -906,8 +906,8 @@ <h2 id="_alternative_development_models">Alternative Development Models</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"><p>CVS users are accustomed to giving a group of developers commit access to -a common repository. As we’ve seen, this is also possible with git. -However, the distributed nature of git allows other development models, +a common repository. As we’ve seen, this is also possible with Git. +However, the distributed nature of Git allows other development models, and you may want to first consider whether one of them might be a better fit for your project.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>For example, you can choose a single person to maintain the project’s @@ -943,7 +943,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2011-11-15 13:45:02 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/gitcvs-migration.txt b/gitcvs-migration.txt index aeb0cdc..5ab5b07 100644 --- a/gitcvs-migration.txt +++ b/gitcvs-migration.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ NAME ---- -gitcvs-migration - git for CVS users +gitcvs-migration - Git for CVS users SYNOPSIS -------- @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ designating a single shared repository which people can synchronize with; this document explains how to do that. -Some basic familiarity with git is required. Having gone through +Some basic familiarity with Git is required. Having gone through linkgit:gittutorial[7] and linkgit:gitglossary[7] should be sufficient. @@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ Setting Up a Shared Repository ------------------------------ -We assume you have already created a git repository for your project, +We assume you have already created a Git repository for your project, possibly created from scratch or from a tarball (see linkgit:gittutorial[7]), or imported from an already existing CVS repository (see the next section). @@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ easy way to do this is to give all the team members ssh access to the machine where the repository is hosted. If you don't want to give them a full shell on the machine, there is a restricted shell which only allows -users to do git pushes and pulls; see linkgit:git-shell[1]. +users to do Git pushes and pulls; see linkgit:git-shell[1]. Put all the committers in the same group, and make the repository writable by that group: @@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ $ git cvsimport -C <destination> <module> ------------------------------------------- -This puts a git archive of the named CVS module in the directory +This puts a Git archive of the named CVS module in the directory <destination>, which will be created if necessary. The import checks out from CVS every revision of every file. Reportedly @@ -133,8 +133,8 @@ medium-sized project this should not take more than a couple of minutes. Larger projects or remote repositories may take longer. -The main trunk is stored in the git branch named `origin`, and additional -CVS branches are stored in git branches with the same names. The most +The main trunk is stored in the Git branch named `origin`, and additional +CVS branches are stored in Git branches with the same names. The most recent version of the main trunk is also left checked out on the `master` branch, so you can start adding your own changes right away. @@ -160,10 +160,10 @@ link:howto/update-hook-example.txt[Controlling access to branches using update hooks]. -Providing CVS Access to a git Repository +Providing CVS Access to a Git Repository ---------------------------------------- -It is also possible to provide true CVS access to a git repository, so +It is also possible to provide true CVS access to a Git repository, so that developers can still use CVS; see linkgit:git-cvsserver[1] for details. @@ -171,8 +171,8 @@ ------------------------------ CVS users are accustomed to giving a group of developers commit access to -a common repository. As we've seen, this is also possible with git. -However, the distributed nature of git allows other development models, +a common repository. As we've seen, this is also possible with Git. +However, the distributed nature of Git allows other development models, and you may want to first consider whether one of them might be a better fit for your project.
diff --git a/gitdiffcore.html b/gitdiffcore.html index ed4e277..8c75f74 100644 --- a/gitdiffcore.html +++ b/gitdiffcore.html
@@ -1015,7 +1015,7 @@ pattern. Filepairs that match a glob pattern on an earlier line in the file are output before ones that match a later line, and filepairs that do not match any glob pattern are output last.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>As an example, a typical orderfile for the core git probably +<div class="paragraph"><p>As an example, a typical orderfile for the core Git probably would look like this:</p></div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> @@ -1051,7 +1051,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2012-05-02 15:00:44 PDT +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/gitdiffcore.txt b/gitdiffcore.txt index daf1782..4ed71c7 100644 --- a/gitdiffcore.txt +++ b/gitdiffcore.txt
@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ in the file are output before ones that match a later line, and filepairs that do not match any glob pattern are output last. -As an example, a typical orderfile for the core git probably +As an example, a typical orderfile for the core Git probably would look like this: ------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/gitglossary.html b/gitglossary.html index 199ade0..0126b31 100644 --- a/gitglossary.html +++ b/gitglossary.html
@@ -737,7 +737,7 @@ <h2>NAME</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <p>gitglossary - - A GIT Glossary + A Git Glossary </p> </div> </div> @@ -770,7 +770,7 @@ A bare repository is normally an appropriately named <a href="#def_directory">directory</a> with a <code>.git</code> suffix that does not have a locally checked-out copy of any of the files under - revision control. That is, all of the <code>git</code> + revision control. That is, all of the Git administrative and control files that would normally be present in the hidden <code>.git</code> sub-directory are directly present in the <code>repository.git</code> directory instead, @@ -795,7 +795,7 @@ <a href="#def_commit">commit</a> on a branch is referred to as the tip of that branch. The tip of the branch is referenced by a branch <a href="#def_head">head</a>, which moves forward as additional development - is done on the branch. A single git + is done on the branch. A single Git <a href="#def_repository">repository</a> can track an arbitrary number of branches, but your <a href="#def_working_tree">working tree</a> is associated with just one of them (the "current" or "checked out" @@ -825,9 +825,9 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - BitKeeper/cvsps speak for "<a href="#def_commit">commit</a>". Since git does not + BitKeeper/cvsps speak for "<a href="#def_commit">commit</a>". Since Git does not store changes, but states, it really does not make sense to use the term - "changesets" with git. + "changesets" with Git. </p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"> @@ -850,7 +850,7 @@ <p> In <a href="#def_SCM">SCM</a> jargon, "cherry pick" means to choose a subset of changes out of a series of changes (typically commits) and record them - as a new series of changes on top of a different codebase. In GIT, this is + as a new series of changes on top of a different codebase. In Git, this is performed by the "git cherry-pick" command to extract the change introduced by an existing <a href="#def_commit">commit</a> and to record it based on the tip of the current <a href="#def_branch">branch</a> as a new commit. @@ -872,14 +872,14 @@ <dd> <p> As a noun: A single point in the - git history; the entire history of a project is represented as a + Git history; the entire history of a project is represented as a set of interrelated commits. The word "commit" is often - used by git in the same places other revision control systems + used by Git in the same places other revision control systems use the words "revision" or "version". Also used as a short hand for <a href="#def_commit_object">commit object</a>. </p> <div class="paragraph"><p>As a verb: The action of storing a new snapshot of the project’s -state in the git history, by creating a new commit representing the current +state in the Git history, by creating a new commit representing the current state of the <a href="#def_index">index</a> and advancing <a href="#def_HEAD">HEAD</a> to point at the new commit.</p></div> </dd> @@ -896,11 +896,11 @@ </p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"> -<a id="def_core_git"></a>core git +<a id="def_core_git"></a>core Git </dt> <dd> <p> - Fundamental data structures and utilities of git. Exposes only limited + Fundamental data structures and utilities of Git. Exposes only limited source code management tools. </p> </dd> @@ -932,7 +932,7 @@ <dd> <p> Normally the <a href="#def_HEAD">HEAD</a> stores the name of a - <a href="#def_branch">branch</a>. However, git also allows you to <a href="#def_checkout">check out</a> + <a href="#def_branch">branch</a>. However, Git also allows you to <a href="#def_checkout">check out</a> an arbitrary <a href="#def_commit">commit</a> that isn’t necessarily the tip of any particular branch. In this case HEAD is said to be "detached". </p> @@ -1014,13 +1014,13 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - Linus Torvalds originally designed git to be a user space file system, + Linus Torvalds originally designed Git to be a user space file system, i.e. the infrastructure to hold files and directories. That ensured the - efficiency and speed of git. + efficiency and speed of Git. </p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"> -<a id="def_git_archive"></a>git archive +<a id="def_git_archive"></a>Git archive </dt> <dd> <p> @@ -1028,13 +1028,22 @@ </p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"> +<a id="def_gitfile"></a>gitfile +</dt> +<dd> +<p> + A plain file <code>.git</code> at the root of a working tree that + points at the directory that is the real repository. +</p> +</dd> +<dt class="hdlist1"> <a id="def_grafts"></a>grafts </dt> <dd> <p> Grafts enables two otherwise different lines of development to be joined together by recording fake ancestry information for commits. This way - you can make git pretend the set of <a href="#def_parent">parents</a> a <a href="#def_commit">commit</a> has + you can make Git pretend the set of <a href="#def_parent">parents</a> a <a href="#def_commit">commit</a> has is different from what was recorded when the commit was created. Configured via the <code>.git/info/grafts</code> file. </p> @@ -1044,7 +1053,7 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - In git’s context, synonym to <a href="#def_object_name">object name</a>. + In Git’s context, synonym to <a href="#def_object_name">object name</a>. </p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"> @@ -1083,14 +1092,14 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - During the normal execution of several git commands, call-outs are made + During the normal execution of several Git commands, call-outs are made to optional scripts that allow a developer to add functionality or checking. Typically, the hooks allow for a command to be pre-verified and potentially aborted, and allow for a post-notification after the operation is done. The hook scripts are found in the <code>$GIT_DIR/hooks/</code> directory, and are enabled by simply removing the <code>.sample</code> suffix from the filename. In earlier versions - of git you had to make them executable. + of Git you had to make them executable. </p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"> @@ -1122,7 +1131,7 @@ <dd> <p> The default development <a href="#def_branch">branch</a>. Whenever you - create a git <a href="#def_repository">repository</a>, a branch named + create a Git <a href="#def_repository">repository</a>, a branch named "master" is created, and becomes the active branch. In most cases, this contains the local development, though that is purely by convention and is not required. @@ -1158,7 +1167,7 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - The unit of storage in git. It is uniquely identified by the + The unit of storage in Git. It is uniquely identified by the <a href="#def_SHA1">SHA1</a> of its contents. Consequently, an object can not be changed. </p> @@ -1313,7 +1322,7 @@ </div></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>Currently only the slash <code>/</code> is recognized as the "magic signature", but it is envisioned that we will support more types of magic in later -versions of git.</p></div> +versions of Git.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>A pathspec with only a colon means "there is no pathspec". This form should not be combined with other pathspec.</p></div> </dd> @@ -1344,7 +1353,7 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - Cute name for <a href="#def_core_git">core git</a>. + Cute name for <a href="#def_core_git">core Git</a>. </p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"> @@ -1353,8 +1362,8 @@ <dd> <p> Cute name for programs and program suites depending on - <a href="#def_core_git">core git</a>, presenting a high level access to - core git. Porcelains expose more of a <a href="#def_SCM">SCM</a> + <a href="#def_core_git">core Git</a>, presenting a high level access to + core Git. Porcelains expose more of a <a href="#def_SCM">SCM</a> interface than the <a href="#def_plumbing">plumbing</a>. </p> </dd> @@ -1454,7 +1463,7 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - A regular git <a href="#def_branch">branch</a> that is used to follow changes from + A regular Git <a href="#def_branch">branch</a> that is used to follow changes from another <a href="#def_repository">repository</a>. A remote-tracking branch should not contain direct modifications or have local commits made to it. A remote-tracking branch can usually be @@ -1526,7 +1535,7 @@ <p> A shallow <a href="#def_repository">repository</a> has an incomplete history some of whose <a href="#def_commit">commits</a> have <a href="#def_parent">parents</a> cauterized away (in other - words, git is told to pretend that these commits do not have the + words, Git is told to pretend that these commits do not have the parents, even though they are recorded in the <a href="#def_commit_object">commit object</a>). This is sometimes useful when you are interested only in the recent history of a project even though the real history recorded in the upstream is much larger. A shallow repository @@ -1556,9 +1565,9 @@ object of an arbitrary type (typically a tag points to either a <a href="#def_tag_object">tag</a> or a <a href="#def_commit_object">commit object</a>). In contrast to a <a href="#def_head">head</a>, a tag is not updated by - the <code>commit</code> command. A git tag has nothing to do with a Lisp + the <code>commit</code> command. A Git tag has nothing to do with a Lisp tag (which would be called an <a href="#def_object_type">object type</a> - in git’s context). A tag is most typically used to mark a particular + in Git’s context). A tag is most typically used to mark a particular point in the commit ancestry <a href="#def_chain">chain</a>. </p> </dd> @@ -1578,7 +1587,7 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - A regular git <a href="#def_branch">branch</a> that is used by a developer to + A regular Git <a href="#def_branch">branch</a> that is used by a developer to identify a conceptual line of development. Since branches are very easy and inexpensive, it is often desirable to have several small branches that each contain very well defined concepts or small incremental yet @@ -1660,7 +1669,7 @@ <div class="paragraph"><p><a href="gittutorial.html">gittutorial(7)</a>, <a href="gittutorial-2.html">gittutorial-2(7)</a>, <a href="gitcvs-migration.html">gitcvs-migration(7)</a>, -<a href="everyday.html">Everyday git</a>, +<a href="everyday.html">Everyday Git</a>, <a href="user-manual.html">The Git User’s Manual</a></p></div> </div> </div> @@ -1674,7 +1683,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2011-11-15 13:45:02 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/gitglossary.txt b/gitglossary.txt index d77a45a..e52de7d 100644 --- a/gitglossary.txt +++ b/gitglossary.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ NAME ---- -gitglossary - A GIT Glossary +gitglossary - A Git Glossary SYNOPSIS -------- @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ linkgit:gittutorial[7], linkgit:gittutorial-2[7], linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7], -link:everyday.html[Everyday git], +link:everyday.html[Everyday Git], link:user-manual.html[The Git User's Manual] GIT
diff --git a/githooks.html b/githooks.html index 7479a49..03c9620 100644 --- a/githooks.html +++ b/githooks.html
@@ -737,7 +737,7 @@ <h2>NAME</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <p>githooks - - Hooks used by git + Hooks used by Git </p> </div> </div> @@ -835,7 +835,7 @@ it is not suppressed by the <code>--no-verify</code> option. A non-zero exit means a failure of the hook and aborts the commit. It should not be used as replacement for pre-commit hook.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>The sample <code>prepare-commit-msg</code> hook that comes with git comments +<div class="paragraph"><p>The sample <code>prepare-commit-msg</code> hook that comes with Git comments out the <code>Conflicts:</code> part of a merge’s commit message.</p></div> </div> <div class="sect2"> @@ -1011,7 +1011,7 @@ for the user.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>The default <em>post-receive</em> hook is empty, but there is a sample script <code>post-receive-email</code> provided in the <code>contrib/hooks</code> -directory in git distribution, which implements sending commit +directory in Git distribution, which implements sending commit emails.</p></div> </div> <div class="sect2"> @@ -1033,7 +1033,7 @@ <div class="paragraph"><p>When enabled, the default <em>post-update</em> hook runs <em>git update-server-info</em> to keep the information used by dumb transports (e.g., HTTP) up-to-date. If you are publishing -a git repository that is accessible via HTTP, you should +a Git repository that is accessible via HTTP, you should probably enable this hook.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>Both standard output and standard error output are forwarded to <em>git send-pack</em> on the other end, so you can simply <code>echo</code> messages @@ -1093,7 +1093,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2013-01-25 13:32:06 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/githooks.txt b/githooks.txt index d839233..8181e4e 100644 --- a/githooks.txt +++ b/githooks.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ NAME ---- -githooks - Hooks used by git +githooks - Hooks used by Git SYNOPSIS -------- @@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ means a failure of the hook and aborts the commit. It should not be used as replacement for pre-commit hook. -The sample `prepare-commit-msg` hook that comes with git comments +The sample `prepare-commit-msg` hook that comes with Git comments out the `Conflicts:` part of a merge's commit message. commit-msg @@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ The default 'post-receive' hook is empty, but there is a sample script `post-receive-email` provided in the `contrib/hooks` -directory in git distribution, which implements sending commit +directory in Git distribution, which implements sending commit emails. [[post-update]] @@ -332,7 +332,7 @@ When enabled, the default 'post-update' hook runs 'git update-server-info' to keep the information used by dumb transports (e.g., HTTP) up-to-date. If you are publishing -a git repository that is accessible via HTTP, you should +a Git repository that is accessible via HTTP, you should probably enable this hook. Both standard output and standard error output are forwarded to
diff --git a/gitignore.html b/gitignore.html index 6f882ef..2f5dec6 100644 --- a/gitignore.html +++ b/gitignore.html
@@ -752,11 +752,11 @@ <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"><p>A <code>gitignore</code> file specifies intentionally untracked files that -git should ignore. -Files already tracked by git are not affected; see the NOTES +Git should ignore. +Files already tracked by Git are not affected; see the NOTES below for details.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>Each line in a <code>gitignore</code> file specifies a pattern. -When deciding whether to ignore a path, git normally checks +When deciding whether to ignore a path, Git normally checks <code>gitignore</code> patterns from multiple sources, with the following order of precedence, from highest to lowest (within one level of precedence, the last matching pattern decides the outcome):</p></div> @@ -812,7 +812,7 @@ </li> <li> <p> -Patterns which a user wants git to +Patterns which a user wants Git to ignore in all situations (e.g., backup or temporary files generated by the user’s editor of choice) generally go into a file specified by <code>core.excludesfile</code> in the user’s <code>~/.gitconfig</code>. Its default value is @@ -821,10 +821,10 @@ </p> </li> </ul></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>The underlying git plumbing tools, such as +<div class="paragraph"><p>The underlying Git plumbing tools, such as <em>git ls-files</em> and <em>git read-tree</em>, read <code>gitignore</code> patterns specified by command-line options, or from -files specified by command-line options. Higher-level git +files specified by command-line options. Higher-level Git tools, such as <em>git status</em> and <em>git add</em>, use patterns from the sources specified above.</p></div> </div> @@ -863,12 +863,12 @@ a match with a directory. In other words, <code>foo/</code> will match a directory <code>foo</code> and paths underneath it, but will not match a regular file or a symbolic link <code>foo</code> (this is consistent - with the way how pathspec works in general in git). + with the way how pathspec works in general in Git). </p> </li> <li> <p> -If the pattern does not contain a slash <em>/</em>, git treats it as +If the pattern does not contain a slash <em>/</em>, Git treats it as a shell glob pattern and checks for a match against the pathname relative to the location of the <code>.gitignore</code> file (relative to the toplevel of the work tree if not from a @@ -877,7 +877,7 @@ </li> <li> <p> -Otherwise, git treats the pattern as a shell glob suitable +Otherwise, Git treats the pattern as a shell glob suitable for consumption by fnmatch(3) with the FNM_PATHNAME flag: wildcards in the pattern will not match a / in the pathname. For example, "Documentation/*.html" matches @@ -931,7 +931,7 @@ <h2 id="_notes">NOTES</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"><p>The purpose of gitignore files is to ensure that certain files -not tracked by git remain untracked.</p></div> +not tracked by Git remain untracked.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>To ignore uncommitted changes in a file that is already tracked, use <em>git update-index --assume-unchanged</em>.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>To stop tracking a file that is currently tracked, use @@ -977,7 +977,7 @@ arch/foo/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S $ echo '!/vmlinux*' >arch/foo/kernel/.gitignore</code></pre> </div></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>The second .gitignore prevents git from ignoring +<div class="paragraph"><p>The second .gitignore prevents Git from ignoring <code>arch/foo/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S</code>.</p></div> </div> </div> @@ -1000,7 +1000,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2013-01-25 13:32:06 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/gitignore.txt b/gitignore.txt index 0da205f..54e334e 100644 --- a/gitignore.txt +++ b/gitignore.txt
@@ -13,12 +13,12 @@ ----------- A `gitignore` file specifies intentionally untracked files that -git should ignore. -Files already tracked by git are not affected; see the NOTES +Git should ignore. +Files already tracked by Git are not affected; see the NOTES below for details. Each line in a `gitignore` file specifies a pattern. -When deciding whether to ignore a path, git normally checks +When deciding whether to ignore a path, Git normally checks `gitignore` patterns from multiple sources, with the following order of precedence, from highest to lowest (within one level of precedence, the last matching pattern decides the outcome): @@ -53,17 +53,17 @@ the repository but are specific to one user's workflow) should go into the `$GIT_DIR/info/exclude` file. - * Patterns which a user wants git to + * Patterns which a user wants Git to ignore in all situations (e.g., backup or temporary files generated by the user's editor of choice) generally go into a file specified by `core.excludesfile` in the user's `~/.gitconfig`. Its default value is $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/ignore. If $XDG_CONFIG_HOME is either not set or empty, $HOME/.config/git/ignore is used instead. -The underlying git plumbing tools, such as +The underlying Git plumbing tools, such as 'git ls-files' and 'git read-tree', read `gitignore` patterns specified by command-line options, or from -files specified by command-line options. Higher-level git +files specified by command-line options. Higher-level Git tools, such as 'git status' and 'git add', use patterns from the sources specified above. @@ -89,15 +89,15 @@ a match with a directory. In other words, `foo/` will match a directory `foo` and paths underneath it, but will not match a regular file or a symbolic link `foo` (this is consistent - with the way how pathspec works in general in git). + with the way how pathspec works in general in Git). - - If the pattern does not contain a slash '/', git treats it as + - If the pattern does not contain a slash '/', Git treats it as a shell glob pattern and checks for a match against the pathname relative to the location of the `.gitignore` file (relative to the toplevel of the work tree if not from a `.gitignore` file). - - Otherwise, git treats the pattern as a shell glob suitable + - Otherwise, Git treats the pattern as a shell glob suitable for consumption by fnmatch(3) with the FNM_PATHNAME flag: wildcards in the pattern will not match a / in the pathname. For example, "Documentation/{asterisk}.html" matches @@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ ----- The purpose of gitignore files is to ensure that certain files -not tracked by git remain untracked. +not tracked by Git remain untracked. To ignore uncommitted changes in a file that is already tracked, use 'git update-index {litdd}assume-unchanged'. @@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ $ echo '!/vmlinux*' >arch/foo/kernel/.gitignore -------------------------------------------------------------- -The second .gitignore prevents git from ignoring +The second .gitignore prevents Git from ignoring `arch/foo/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S`. SEE ALSO diff --git a/gitk.html b/gitk.html index 654b9d1..ebe5c15 100644 --- a/gitk.html +++ b/gitk.html
@@ -737,7 +737,7 @@ <h2>NAME</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <p>gitk - - The git repository browser + The Git repository browser </p> </div> </div> @@ -759,7 +759,7 @@ the files in the trees of each revision.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>Historically, gitk was the first repository browser. It’s written in tcl/tk and started off in a separate repository but was later merged into the main -git repository.</p></div> +Git repository.</p></div> </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> @@ -923,7 +923,7 @@ <dd> <p> A repository browser written in Python using Gtk. It’s based on - <em>bzrk(1)</em> and distributed in the contrib area of the git repository. + <em>bzrk(1)</em> and distributed in the contrib area of the Git repository. </p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"> @@ -931,7 +931,7 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - A minimal repository browser and git tool output highlighter written + A minimal repository browser and Git tool output highlighter written in C using Ncurses. </p> </dd> @@ -948,7 +948,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2011-11-15 13:45:02 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/gitk.txt b/gitk.txt index a17a354..c17e760 100644 --- a/gitk.txt +++ b/gitk.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ NAME ---- -gitk - The git repository browser +gitk - The Git repository browser SYNOPSIS -------- @@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ Historically, gitk was the first repository browser. It's written in tcl/tk and started off in a separate repository but was later merged into the main -git repository. +Git repository. OPTIONS ------- @@ -108,10 +108,10 @@ 'gitview(1)':: A repository browser written in Python using Gtk. It's based on - 'bzrk(1)' and distributed in the contrib area of the git repository. + 'bzrk(1)' and distributed in the contrib area of the Git repository. 'tig(1)':: - A minimal repository browser and git tool output highlighter written + A minimal repository browser and Git tool output highlighter written in C using Ncurses. GIT
diff --git a/gitmodules.html b/gitmodules.html index 110c170..abef0e5 100644 --- a/gitmodules.html +++ b/gitmodules.html
@@ -751,7 +751,7 @@ <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> -<div class="paragraph"><p>The <code>.gitmodules</code> file, located in the top-level directory of a git +<div class="paragraph"><p>The <code>.gitmodules</code> file, located in the top-level directory of a Git working tree, is a text file with a syntax matching the requirements of <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>The file contains one subsection per submodule, and the subsection value @@ -765,7 +765,7 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - Defines the path, relative to the top-level directory of the git + Defines the path, relative to the top-level directory of the Git working tree, where the submodule is expected to be checked out. The path name must not end with a <code>/</code>. All submodule paths must be unique within the .gitmodules file. @@ -886,7 +886,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2013-01-06 01:05:36 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/gitmodules.txt b/gitmodules.txt index 52d7ae4..6a1ca4a 100644 --- a/gitmodules.txt +++ b/gitmodules.txt
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ DESCRIPTION ----------- -The `.gitmodules` file, located in the top-level directory of a git +The `.gitmodules` file, located in the top-level directory of a Git working tree, is a text file with a syntax matching the requirements of linkgit:git-config[1]. @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ following required keys: submodule.<name>.path:: - Defines the path, relative to the top-level directory of the git + Defines the path, relative to the top-level directory of the Git working tree, where the submodule is expected to be checked out. The path name must not end with a `/`. All submodule paths must be unique within the .gitmodules file.
diff --git a/gitnamespaces.html b/gitnamespaces.html index dd4f0e2..19ea54d 100644 --- a/gitnamespaces.html +++ b/gitnamespaces.html
@@ -767,7 +767,7 @@ prevent duplication between new objects added to the repositories without ongoing maintenance, while namespaces do.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>To specify a namespace, set the <code>GIT_NAMESPACE</code> environment variable to -the namespace. For each ref namespace, git stores the corresponding +the namespace. For each ref namespace, Git stores the corresponding refs in a directory under <code>refs/namespaces/</code>. For example, <code>GIT_NAMESPACE=foo</code> will store refs under <code>refs/namespaces/foo/</code>. You can also specify namespaces via the <code>--namespace</code> option to @@ -828,7 +828,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2011-11-15 13:45:02 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/gitnamespaces.txt b/gitnamespaces.txt index c6713cf..7685e36 100644 --- a/gitnamespaces.txt +++ b/gitnamespaces.txt
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ without ongoing maintenance, while namespaces do. To specify a namespace, set the `GIT_NAMESPACE` environment variable to -the namespace. For each ref namespace, git stores the corresponding +the namespace. For each ref namespace, Git stores the corresponding refs in a directory under `refs/namespaces/`. For example, `GIT_NAMESPACE=foo` will store refs under `refs/namespaces/foo/`. You can also specify namespaces via the `--namespace` option to
diff --git a/gitrepository-layout.html b/gitrepository-layout.html index 5d6cee8..53404b5 100644 --- a/gitrepository-layout.html +++ b/gitrepository-layout.html
@@ -751,12 +751,30 @@ <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> -<div class="paragraph"><p>You may find these things in your git repository (<code>.git</code> -directory for a repository associated with your working tree, or -<code><project>.git</code> directory for a public <em>bare</em> repository. It is -also possible to have a working tree where <code>.git</code> is a plain -ASCII file containing <code>gitdir: <path></code>, i.e. the path to the -real git repository).</p></div> +<div class="paragraph"><p>A Git repository comes in two different flavours:</p></div> +<div class="ulist"><ul> +<li> +<p> +a <code>.git</code> directory at the root of the working tree; +</p> +</li> +<li> +<p> +a <code><project>.git</code> directory that is a <em>bare</em> repository + (i.e. without its own working tree), that is typically used for + exchanging histories with others by pushing into it and fetching + from it. +</p> +</li> +</ul></div> +<div class="paragraph"><p><strong>Note</strong>: Also you can have a plain text file <code>.git</code> at the root of +your working tree, containing <code>gitdir: <path></code> to point at the real +directory that has the repository. This mechanism is often used for +a working tree of a submodule checkout, to allow you in the +containing superproject to <code>git checkout</code> a branch that does not +have the submodule. The <code>checkout</code> has to remove the entire +submodule working tree, without losing the submodule repository.</p></div> +<div class="paragraph"><p>These things may exist in a Git repository.</p></div> <div class="dlist"><dl> <dt class="hdlist1"> objects @@ -925,7 +943,7 @@ A symref (see glossary) to the <code>refs/heads/</code> namespace describing the currently active branch. It does not mean much if the repository is not associated with any working tree - (i.e. a <em>bare</em> repository), but a valid git repository + (i.e. a <em>bare</em> repository), but a valid Git repository <strong>must</strong> have the HEAD file; some porcelains may use it to guess the designated "default" branch of the repository (usually <em>master</em>). It is legal if the named branch @@ -957,7 +975,7 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - Hooks are customization scripts used by various git + Hooks are customization scripts used by various Git commands. A handful of sample hooks are installed when <em>git init</em> is run, but all of them are disabled by default. To enable, the <code>.sample</code> suffix has to be @@ -1020,7 +1038,7 @@ This file, by convention among Porcelains, stores the exclude pattern list. <code>.gitignore</code> is the per-directory ignore file. <em>git status</em>, <em>git add</em>, <em>git rm</em> and - <em>git clean</em> look at it but the core git commands do not look + <em>git clean</em> look at it but the core Git commands do not look at it. See also: <a href="gitignore.html">gitignore(5)</a>. </p> </dd> @@ -1098,7 +1116,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2012-11-13 14:31:09 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/gitrepository-layout.txt b/gitrepository-layout.txt index 9f62886..f0eef76 100644 --- a/gitrepository-layout.txt +++ b/gitrepository-layout.txt
@@ -12,12 +12,24 @@ DESCRIPTION ----------- -You may find these things in your git repository (`.git` -directory for a repository associated with your working tree, or -`<project>.git` directory for a public 'bare' repository. It is -also possible to have a working tree where `.git` is a plain -ASCII file containing `gitdir: <path>`, i.e. the path to the -real git repository). +A Git repository comes in two different flavours: + + * a `.git` directory at the root of the working tree; + + * a `<project>.git` directory that is a 'bare' repository + (i.e. without its own working tree), that is typically used for + exchanging histories with others by pushing into it and fetching + from it. + +*Note*: Also you can have a plain text file `.git` at the root of +your working tree, containing `gitdir: <path>` to point at the real +directory that has the repository. This mechanism is often used for +a working tree of a submodule checkout, to allow you in the +containing superproject to `git checkout` a branch that does not +have the submodule. The `checkout` has to remove the entire +submodule working tree, without losing the submodule repository. + +These things may exist in a Git repository. objects:: Object store associated with this repository. Usually @@ -108,7 +120,7 @@ A symref (see glossary) to the `refs/heads/` namespace describing the currently active branch. It does not mean much if the repository is not associated with any working tree - (i.e. a 'bare' repository), but a valid git repository + (i.e. a 'bare' repository), but a valid Git repository *must* have the HEAD file; some porcelains may use it to guess the designated "default" branch of the repository (usually 'master'). It is legal if the named branch @@ -131,7 +143,7 @@ and not likely to be found in modern repositories. hooks:: - Hooks are customization scripts used by various git + Hooks are customization scripts used by various Git commands. A handful of sample hooks are installed when 'git init' is run, but all of them are disabled by default. To enable, the `.sample` suffix has to be @@ -169,7 +181,7 @@ This file, by convention among Porcelains, stores the exclude pattern list. `.gitignore` is the per-directory ignore file. 'git status', 'git add', 'git rm' and - 'git clean' look at it but the core git commands do not look + 'git clean' look at it but the core Git commands do not look at it. See also: linkgit:gitignore[5]. remotes::
diff --git a/gitrevisions.html b/gitrevisions.html index ed18d90..24f4541 100644 --- a/gitrevisions.html +++ b/gitrevisions.html
@@ -737,7 +737,7 @@ <h2>NAME</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <p>gitrevisions - - specifying revisions and ranges for git + specifying revisions and ranges for Git </p> </div> </div> @@ -800,7 +800,7 @@ A symbolic ref name. E.g. <em>master</em> typically means the commit object referenced by <em>refs/heads/master</em>. If you happen to have both <em>heads/master</em> and <em>tags/master</em>, you can - explicitly say <em>heads/master</em> to tell git which one you mean. + explicitly say <em>heads/master</em> to tell Git which one you mean. When ambiguous, a <em><refname></em> is disambiguated by taking the first match in the following rules: </p> @@ -1177,7 +1177,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2011-11-15 13:45:02 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/gitrevisions.txt b/gitrevisions.txt index fc4789f..c0ed6d1 100644 --- a/gitrevisions.txt +++ b/gitrevisions.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ NAME ---- -gitrevisions - specifying revisions and ranges for git +gitrevisions - specifying revisions and ranges for Git SYNOPSIS --------
diff --git a/gittutorial-2.html b/gittutorial-2.html index b8bf935..0aaf332 100644 --- a/gittutorial-2.html +++ b/gittutorial-2.html
@@ -737,7 +737,7 @@ <h2>NAME</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <p>gittutorial-2 - - A tutorial introduction to git: part two + A tutorial introduction to Git: part two </p> </div> </div> @@ -756,13 +756,13 @@ <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"><p>You should work through <a href="gittutorial.html">gittutorial(7)</a> before reading this tutorial.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>The goal of this tutorial is to introduce two fundamental pieces of -git’s architecture—the object database and the index file—and to +Git’s architecture—the object database and the index file—and to provide the reader with everything necessary to understand the rest -of the git documentation.</p></div> +of the Git documentation.</p></div> </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> -<h2 id="_the_git_object_database">The git object database</h2> +<h2 id="_the_git_object_database">The Git object database</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"><p>Let’s start a new project and create a small amount of history:</p></div> <div class="listingblock"> @@ -782,13 +782,13 @@ [master c4d59f3] add emphasis 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)</code></pre> </div></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>What are the 7 digits of hex that git responded to the commit with?</p></div> +<div class="paragraph"><p>What are the 7 digits of hex that Git responded to the commit with?</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>We saw in part one of the tutorial that commits have names like this. -It turns out that every object in the git history is stored under +It turns out that every object in the Git history is stored under a 40-digit hex name. That name is the SHA1 hash of the object’s -contents; among other things, this ensures that git will never store +contents; among other things, this ensures that Git will never store the same data twice (since identical data is given an identical SHA1 -name), and that the contents of a git object will never change (since +name), and that the contents of a Git object will never change (since that would change the object’s name as well). The 7 char hex strings here are simply the abbreviation of such 40 character long strings. Abbreviations can be used everywhere where the 40 character strings @@ -797,7 +797,7 @@ following the example above generates a different SHA1 hash than the one shown above because the commit object records the time when it was created and the name of the person performing the commit.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>We can ask git about this particular object with the <code>cat-file</code> +<div class="paragraph"><p>We can ask Git about this particular object with the <code>cat-file</code> command. Don’t copy the 40 hex digits from this example but use those from your own version. Note that you can shorten it to only a few characters to save yourself typing all 40 hex digits:</p></div> @@ -835,10 +835,10 @@ <pre><code>$ git cat-file blob 3b18e512 hello world</code></pre> </div></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>Note that this is the old file data; so the object that git named in +<div class="paragraph"><p>Note that this is the old file data; so the object that Git named in its response to the initial tree was a tree with a snapshot of the directory state that was recorded by the first commit.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>All of these objects are stored under their SHA1 names inside the git +<div class="paragraph"><p>All of these objects are stored under their SHA1 names inside the Git directory:</p></div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> @@ -914,7 +914,7 @@ <div class="paragraph"><p>Besides blobs, trees, and commits, the only remaining type of object is a "tag", which we won’t discuss here; refer to <a href="git-tag.html">git-tag(1)</a> for details.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>So now we know how git uses the object database to represent a +<div class="paragraph"><p>So now we know how Git uses the object database to represent a project’s history:</p></div> <div class="ulist"><ul> <li> @@ -1131,17 +1131,17 @@ <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"><p>At this point you should know everything necessary to read the man pages for any of the git commands; one good place to start would be -with the commands mentioned in <a href="everyday.html">Everyday git</a>. You +with the commands mentioned in <a href="everyday.html">Everyday Git</a>. You should be able to find any unknown jargon in <a href="gitglossary.html">gitglossary(7)</a>.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>The <a href="user-manual.html">Git User’s Manual</a> provides a more -comprehensive introduction to git.</p></div> +comprehensive introduction to Git.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p><a href="gitcvs-migration.html">gitcvs-migration(7)</a> explains how to -import a CVS repository into git, and shows how to use git in a +import a CVS repository into Git, and shows how to use Git in a CVS-like way.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>For some interesting examples of git use, see the +<div class="paragraph"><p>For some interesting examples of Git use, see the <a href="howto-index.html">howtos</a>.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>For git developers, <a href="gitcore-tutorial.html">gitcore-tutorial(7)</a> goes -into detail on the lower-level git mechanisms involved in, for +<div class="paragraph"><p>For Git developers, <a href="gitcore-tutorial.html">gitcore-tutorial(7)</a> goes +into detail on the lower-level Git mechanisms involved in, for example, creating a new commit.</p></div> </div> </div> @@ -1153,7 +1153,7 @@ <a href="gitcore-tutorial.html">gitcore-tutorial(7)</a>, <a href="gitglossary.html">gitglossary(7)</a>, <a href="git-help.html">git-help(1)</a>, -<a href="everyday.html">Everyday git</a>, +<a href="everyday.html">Everyday Git</a>, <a href="user-manual.html">The Git User’s Manual</a></p></div> </div> </div> @@ -1167,7 +1167,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2012-02-13 00:08:46 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/gittutorial-2.txt b/gittutorial-2.txt index e00a4d2..94c906e 100644 --- a/gittutorial-2.txt +++ b/gittutorial-2.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ NAME ---- -gittutorial-2 - A tutorial introduction to git: part two +gittutorial-2 - A tutorial introduction to Git: part two SYNOPSIS -------- @@ -16,11 +16,11 @@ You should work through linkgit:gittutorial[7] before reading this tutorial. The goal of this tutorial is to introduce two fundamental pieces of -git's architecture--the object database and the index file--and to +Git's architecture--the object database and the index file--and to provide the reader with everything necessary to understand the rest -of the git documentation. +of the Git documentation. -The git object database +The Git object database ----------------------- Let's start a new project and create a small amount of history: @@ -42,14 +42,14 @@ 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) ------------------------------------------------ -What are the 7 digits of hex that git responded to the commit with? +What are the 7 digits of hex that Git responded to the commit with? We saw in part one of the tutorial that commits have names like this. -It turns out that every object in the git history is stored under +It turns out that every object in the Git history is stored under a 40-digit hex name. That name is the SHA1 hash of the object's -contents; among other things, this ensures that git will never store +contents; among other things, this ensures that Git will never store the same data twice (since identical data is given an identical SHA1 -name), and that the contents of a git object will never change (since +name), and that the contents of a Git object will never change (since that would change the object's name as well). The 7 char hex strings here are simply the abbreviation of such 40 character long strings. Abbreviations can be used everywhere where the 40 character strings @@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ the one shown above because the commit object records the time when it was created and the name of the person performing the commit. -We can ask git about this particular object with the `cat-file` +We can ask Git about this particular object with the `cat-file` command. Don't copy the 40 hex digits from this example but use those from your own version. Note that you can shorten it to only a few characters to save yourself typing all 40 hex digits: @@ -102,11 +102,11 @@ hello world ------------------------------------------------ -Note that this is the old file data; so the object that git named in +Note that this is the old file data; so the object that Git named in its response to the initial tree was a tree with a snapshot of the directory state that was recorded by the first commit. -All of these objects are stored under their SHA1 names inside the git +All of these objects are stored under their SHA1 names inside the Git directory: ------------------------------------------------ @@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ is a "tag", which we won't discuss here; refer to linkgit:git-tag[1] for details. -So now we know how git uses the object database to represent a +So now we know how Git uses the object database to represent a project's history: * "commit" objects refer to "tree" objects representing the @@ -403,21 +403,21 @@ At this point you should know everything necessary to read the man pages for any of the git commands; one good place to start would be -with the commands mentioned in link:everyday.html[Everyday git]. You +with the commands mentioned in link:everyday.html[Everyday Git]. You should be able to find any unknown jargon in linkgit:gitglossary[7]. The link:user-manual.html[Git User's Manual] provides a more -comprehensive introduction to git. +comprehensive introduction to Git. linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7] explains how to -import a CVS repository into git, and shows how to use git in a +import a CVS repository into Git, and shows how to use Git in a CVS-like way. -For some interesting examples of git use, see the +For some interesting examples of Git use, see the link:howto-index.html[howtos]. -For git developers, linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7] goes -into detail on the lower-level git mechanisms involved in, for +For Git developers, linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7] goes +into detail on the lower-level Git mechanisms involved in, for example, creating a new commit. SEE ALSO @@ -427,7 +427,7 @@ linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7], linkgit:gitglossary[7], linkgit:git-help[1], -link:everyday.html[Everyday git], +link:everyday.html[Everyday Git], link:user-manual.html[The Git User's Manual] GIT
diff --git a/gittutorial.html b/gittutorial.html index 2d55f45..2ba2d7f 100644 --- a/gittutorial.html +++ b/gittutorial.html
@@ -737,7 +737,7 @@ <h2>NAME</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <p>gittutorial - - A tutorial introduction to git (for version 1.5.1 or newer) + A tutorial introduction to Git (for version 1.5.1 or newer) </p> </div> </div> @@ -754,9 +754,9 @@ <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> -<div class="paragraph"><p>This tutorial explains how to import a new project into git, make +<div class="paragraph"><p>This tutorial explains how to import a new project into Git, make changes to it, and share changes with other developers.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>If you are instead primarily interested in using git to fetch a project, +<div class="paragraph"><p>If you are instead primarily interested in using Git to fetch a project, for example, to test the latest version, you may prefer to start with the first two chapters of <a href="user-manual.html">The Git User’s Manual</a>.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>First, note that you can get documentation for a command such as @@ -772,7 +772,7 @@ </div></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>With the latter, you can use the manual viewer of your choice; see <a href="git-help.html">git-help(1)</a> for more information.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>It is a good idea to introduce yourself to git with your name and +<div class="paragraph"><p>It is a good idea to introduce yourself to Git with your name and public email address before doing any operation. The easiest way to do so is:</p></div> <div class="listingblock"> @@ -786,7 +786,7 @@ <h2 id="_importing_a_new_project">Importing a new project</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"><p>Assume you have a tarball project.tar.gz with your initial work. You -can place it under git revision control as follows.</p></div> +can place it under Git revision control as follows.</p></div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>$ tar xzf project.tar.gz @@ -800,13 +800,13 @@ </div></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>You’ve now initialized the working directory—you may notice a new directory created, named ".git".</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>Next, tell git to take a snapshot of the contents of all files under the +<div class="paragraph"><p>Next, tell Git to take a snapshot of the contents of all files under the current directory (note the <em>.</em>), with <em>git add</em>:</p></div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>$ git add .</code></pre> </div></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>This snapshot is now stored in a temporary staging area which git calls +<div class="paragraph"><p>This snapshot is now stored in a temporary staging area which Git calls the "index". You can permanently store the contents of the index in the repository with <em>git commit</em>:</p></div> <div class="listingblock"> @@ -814,7 +814,7 @@ <pre><code>$ git commit</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>This will prompt you for a commit message. You’ve now stored the first -version of your project in git.</p></div> +version of your project in Git.</p></div> </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> @@ -866,7 +866,7 @@ line summarizing the change, followed by a blank line and then a more thorough description. The text up to the first blank line in a commit message is treated as the commit title, and that title is used -throughout git. For example, <a href="git-format-patch.html">git-format-patch(1)</a> turns a +throughout Git. For example, <a href="git-format-patch.html">git-format-patch(1)</a> turns a commit into email, and it uses the title on the Subject line and the rest of the commit in the body.</p></div> </div> @@ -906,7 +906,7 @@ <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_managing_branches">Managing branches</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> -<div class="paragraph"><p>A single git repository can maintain multiple branches of +<div class="paragraph"><p>A single Git repository can maintain multiple branches of development. To create a new branch named "experimental", use</p></div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> @@ -989,9 +989,9 @@ </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> -<h2 id="_using_git_for_collaboration">Using git for collaboration</h2> +<h2 id="_using_git_for_collaboration">Using Git for collaboration</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> -<div class="paragraph"><p>Suppose that Alice has started a new project with a git repository in +<div class="paragraph"><p>Suppose that Alice has started a new project with a Git repository in /home/alice/project, and that Bob, who has a home directory on the same machine, wants to contribute.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>Bob begins with:</p></div> @@ -1025,7 +1025,7 @@ initiating this "pull". If Bob’s work conflicts with what Alice did since their histories forked, Alice will use her working tree and the index to resolve conflicts, and existing local changes will interfere with the -conflict resolution process (git will still perform the fetch but will +conflict resolution process (Git will still perform the fetch but will refuse to merge --- Alice will have to get rid of her local changes in some way and pull again when this happens).</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>Alice can peek at what Bob did without merging first, using the "fetch" @@ -1110,7 +1110,7 @@ <pre><code>bob$ git pull</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>Note that he doesn’t need to give the path to Alice’s repository; -when Bob cloned Alice’s repository, git stored the location of her +when Bob cloned Alice’s repository, Git stored the location of her repository in the repository configuration, and that location is used for pulls:</p></div> <div class="listingblock"> @@ -1134,7 +1134,7 @@ <div class="content"> <pre><code>bob$ git clone alice.org:/home/alice/project myrepo</code></pre> </div></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>Alternatively, git has a native protocol, or can use rsync or http; +<div class="paragraph"><p>Alternatively, Git has a native protocol, or can use rsync or http; see <a href="git-pull.html">git-pull(1)</a> for details.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>Git can also be used in a CVS-like mode, with a central repository that various users push changes to; see <a href="git-push.html">git-push(1)</a> and @@ -1195,7 +1195,7 @@ share this name with other people (for example, to identify a release version), you should create a "tag" object, and perhaps sign it; see <a href="git-tag.html">git-tag(1)</a> for details.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>Any git command that needs to know a commit can take any of these +<div class="paragraph"><p>Any Git command that needs to know a commit can take any of these names. For example:</p></div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> @@ -1226,8 +1226,8 @@ <div class="content"> <pre><code>$ git grep "hello"</code></pre> </div></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>is a quick way to search just the files that are tracked by git.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>Many git commands also take sets of commits, which can be specified +<div class="paragraph"><p>is a quick way to search just the files that are tracked by Git.</p></div> +<div class="paragraph"><p>Many Git commands also take sets of commits, which can be specified in a number of ways. Here are some examples with <em>git log</em>:</p></div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> @@ -1258,7 +1258,7 @@ then merged back together, the order in which <em>git log</em> presents those commits is meaningless.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>Most projects with multiple contributors (such as the Linux kernel, -or git itself) have frequent merges, and <em>gitk</em> does a better job of +or Git itself) have frequent merges, and <em>gitk</em> does a better job of visualizing their history. For example,</p></div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> @@ -1287,7 +1287,7 @@ <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"><p>This tutorial should be enough to perform basic distributed revision control for your projects. However, to fully understand the depth -and power of git you need to understand two simple ideas on which it +and power of Git you need to understand two simple ideas on which it is based:</p></div> <div class="ulist"><ul> <li> @@ -1307,7 +1307,7 @@ </ul></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>Part two of this tutorial explains the object database, the index file, and a few other odds and ends that you’ll -need to make the most of git. You can find it at <a href="gittutorial-2.html">gittutorial-2(7)</a>.</p></div> +need to make the most of Git. You can find it at <a href="gittutorial-2.html">gittutorial-2(7)</a>.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>If you don’t want to continue with that right away, a few other digressions that may be interesting at this point are:</p></div> <div class="ulist"><ul> @@ -1337,7 +1337,7 @@ </li> <li> <p> -<a href="everyday.html">Everyday GIT with 20 Commands Or So</a> +<a href="everyday.html">Everyday Git with 20 Commands Or So</a> </p> </li> <li> @@ -1357,7 +1357,7 @@ <a href="gitglossary.html">gitglossary(7)</a>, <a href="git-help.html">git-help(1)</a>, <a href="gitworkflows.html">gitworkflows(7)</a>, -<a href="everyday.html">Everyday git</a>, +<a href="everyday.html">Everyday Git</a>, <a href="user-manual.html">The Git User’s Manual</a></p></div> </div> </div> @@ -1371,7 +1371,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2012-09-17 16:55:59 PDT +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/gittutorial.txt b/gittutorial.txt index f1cb6f3..8262196 100644 --- a/gittutorial.txt +++ b/gittutorial.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ NAME ---- -gittutorial - A tutorial introduction to git (for version 1.5.1 or newer) +gittutorial - A tutorial introduction to Git (for version 1.5.1 or newer) SYNOPSIS -------- @@ -13,10 +13,10 @@ DESCRIPTION ----------- -This tutorial explains how to import a new project into git, make +This tutorial explains how to import a new project into Git, make changes to it, and share changes with other developers. -If you are instead primarily interested in using git to fetch a project, +If you are instead primarily interested in using Git to fetch a project, for example, to test the latest version, you may prefer to start with the first two chapters of link:user-manual.html[The Git User's Manual]. @@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ With the latter, you can use the manual viewer of your choice; see linkgit:git-help[1] for more information. -It is a good idea to introduce yourself to git with your name and +It is a good idea to introduce yourself to Git with your name and public email address before doing any operation. The easiest way to do so is: @@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ ----------------------- Assume you have a tarball project.tar.gz with your initial work. You -can place it under git revision control as follows. +can place it under Git revision control as follows. ------------------------------------------------ $ tar xzf project.tar.gz @@ -67,14 +67,14 @@ You've now initialized the working directory--you may notice a new directory created, named ".git". -Next, tell git to take a snapshot of the contents of all files under the +Next, tell Git to take a snapshot of the contents of all files under the current directory (note the '.'), with 'git add': ------------------------------------------------ $ git add . ------------------------------------------------ -This snapshot is now stored in a temporary staging area which git calls +This snapshot is now stored in a temporary staging area which Git calls the "index". You can permanently store the contents of the index in the repository with 'git commit': @@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ ------------------------------------------------ This will prompt you for a commit message. You've now stored the first -version of your project in git. +version of your project in Git. Making changes -------------- @@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ line summarizing the change, followed by a blank line and then a more thorough description. The text up to the first blank line in a commit message is treated as the commit title, and that title is used -throughout git. For example, linkgit:git-format-patch[1] turns a +throughout Git. For example, linkgit:git-format-patch[1] turns a commit into email, and it uses the title on the Subject line and the rest of the commit in the body. @@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ Managing branches ----------------- -A single git repository can maintain multiple branches of +A single Git repository can maintain multiple branches of development. To create a new branch named "experimental", use ------------------------------------------------ @@ -276,10 +276,10 @@ Branches are cheap and easy, so this is a good way to try something out. -Using git for collaboration +Using Git for collaboration --------------------------- -Suppose that Alice has started a new project with a git repository in +Suppose that Alice has started a new project with a Git repository in /home/alice/project, and that Bob, who has a home directory on the same machine, wants to contribute. @@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ initiating this "pull". If Bob's work conflicts with what Alice did since their histories forked, Alice will use her working tree and the index to resolve conflicts, and existing local changes will interfere with the -conflict resolution process (git will still perform the fetch but will +conflict resolution process (Git will still perform the fetch but will refuse to merge --- Alice will have to get rid of her local changes in some way and pull again when this happens). @@ -422,7 +422,7 @@ ------------------------------------- Note that he doesn't need to give the path to Alice's repository; -when Bob cloned Alice's repository, git stored the location of her +when Bob cloned Alice's repository, Git stored the location of her repository in the repository configuration, and that location is used for pulls: @@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ bob$ git clone alice.org:/home/alice/project myrepo ------------------------------------- -Alternatively, git has a native protocol, or can use rsync or http; +Alternatively, Git has a native protocol, or can use rsync or http; see linkgit:git-pull[1] for details. Git can also be used in a CVS-like mode, with a central repository @@ -518,7 +518,7 @@ version), you should create a "tag" object, and perhaps sign it; see linkgit:git-tag[1] for details. -Any git command that needs to know a commit can take any of these +Any Git command that needs to know a commit can take any of these names. For example: ------------------------------------- @@ -554,9 +554,9 @@ $ git grep "hello" ------------------------------------- -is a quick way to search just the files that are tracked by git. +is a quick way to search just the files that are tracked by Git. -Many git commands also take sets of commits, which can be specified +Many Git commands also take sets of commits, which can be specified in a number of ways. Here are some examples with 'git log': ------------------------------------- @@ -592,7 +592,7 @@ those commits is meaningless. Most projects with multiple contributors (such as the Linux kernel, -or git itself) have frequent merges, and 'gitk' does a better job of +or Git itself) have frequent merges, and 'gitk' does a better job of visualizing their history. For example, ------------------------------------- @@ -623,7 +623,7 @@ This tutorial should be enough to perform basic distributed revision control for your projects. However, to fully understand the depth -and power of git you need to understand two simple ideas on which it +and power of Git you need to understand two simple ideas on which it is based: * The object database is the rather elegant system used to @@ -636,7 +636,7 @@ Part two of this tutorial explains the object database, the index file, and a few other odds and ends that you'll -need to make the most of git. You can find it at linkgit:gittutorial-2[7]. +need to make the most of Git. You can find it at linkgit:gittutorial-2[7]. If you don't want to continue with that right away, a few other digressions that may be interesting at this point are: @@ -656,7 +656,7 @@ * linkgit:gitworkflows[7]: Gives an overview of recommended workflows. - * link:everyday.html[Everyday GIT with 20 Commands Or So] + * link:everyday.html[Everyday Git with 20 Commands Or So] * linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7]: Git for CVS users. @@ -668,7 +668,7 @@ linkgit:gitglossary[7], linkgit:git-help[1], linkgit:gitworkflows[7], -link:everyday.html[Everyday git], +link:everyday.html[Everyday Git], link:user-manual.html[The Git User's Manual] GIT
diff --git a/gitweb.conf.html b/gitweb.conf.html index 5a7b483..576866c 100644 --- a/gitweb.conf.html +++ b/gitweb.conf.html
@@ -737,7 +737,7 @@ <h2>NAME</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <p>gitweb.conf - - Gitweb (git web interface) configuration file + Gitweb (Git web interface) configuration file </p> </div> </div> @@ -821,7 +821,7 @@ <div class="paragraph"><p>You can include other configuration file using read_config_file() subroutine. For example, one might want to put gitweb configuration related to access control for viewing repositories via Gitolite (one -of git repository management tools) in a separate file, e.g. in +of Git repository management tools) in a separate file, e.g. in <em>/etc/gitweb-gitolite.conf</em>. To include it, put</p></div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> @@ -849,7 +849,7 @@ <div class="sect2"> <h3 id="_location_of_repositories">Location of repositories</h3> <div class="paragraph"><p>The configuration variables described below control how gitweb finds -git repositories, and how repositories are displayed and accessed.</p></div> +Git repositories, and how repositories are displayed and accessed.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>See also "Repositories" and later subsections in <a href="gitweb.html">gitweb(1)</a> manpage.</p></div> <div class="dlist"><dl> <dt class="hdlist1"> @@ -904,7 +904,7 @@ <dd> <p> If <code>$projects_list</code> variable is unset, gitweb will recursively - scan filesystem for git repositories. The <code>$project_maxdepth</code> + scan filesystem for Git repositories. The <code>$project_maxdepth</code> is used to limit traversing depth, relative to <code>$projectroot</code> (starting point); it means that directories which are further from <code>$projectroot</code> than <code>$project_maxdepth</code> will be skipped. @@ -951,7 +951,7 @@ <pre><code>our $export_ok = "git-daemon-export-ok";</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>If not set (default), it means that this feature is disabled.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>See also more involved example in "Controlling access to git repositories" +<div class="paragraph"><p>See also more involved example in "Controlling access to Git repositories" subsection on <a href="gitweb.html">gitweb(1)</a> manpage.</p></div> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"> @@ -983,11 +983,11 @@ <dd> <p> Core git executable to use. By default set to <code>$GIT_BINDIR/git</code>, which - in turn is by default set to <code>$(bindir)/git</code>. If you use git installed + in turn is by default set to <code>$(bindir)/git</code>. If you use Git installed from a binary package, you should usually set this to "/usr/bin/git". This can just be "git" if your web server has a sensible PATH; from security point of view it is better to use absolute path to git binary. - If you have multiple git versions installed it can be used to choose + If you have multiple Git versions installed it can be used to choose which one to use. Must be (correctly) set for gitweb to be able to work. </p> @@ -999,7 +999,7 @@ <p> File to use for (filename extension based) guessing of MIME types before trying <em>/etc/mime.types</em>. <strong>NOTE</strong> that this path, if relative, is taken - as relative to the current git repository, not to CGI script. If unset, + as relative to the current Git repository, not to CGI script. If unset, only <em>/etc/mime.types</em> is used (if present on filesystem). If no mimetypes file is found, mimetype guessing based on extension of file is disabled. Unset by default. @@ -1146,8 +1146,8 @@ <p> URI and label (title) for the Git logo link (or your site logo, if you chose to use different logo image). By default, these both - refer to git homepage, <a href="http://git-scm.com">http://git-scm.com</a>; in the past, they pointed - to git documentation at <a href="http://www.kernel.org">http://www.kernel.org</a>. + refer to Git homepage, <a href="http://git-scm.com">http://git-scm.com</a>; in the past, they pointed + to Git documentation at <a href="http://www.kernel.org">http://www.kernel.org</a>. </p> </dd> </dl></div> @@ -1294,7 +1294,7 @@ detection. </p> <div class="paragraph"><p><strong>Note</strong> that rename and especially copy detection can be quite -CPU-intensive. Note also that non git tools can have problems with +CPU-intensive. Note also that non Git tools can have problems with patches generated with options mentioned above, especially when they involve file copies ('-C') or criss-cross renames ('-B').</p></div> </dd> @@ -1314,7 +1314,7 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - List of git base URLs. These URLs are used to generate URLs + List of Git base URLs. These URLs are used to generate URLs describing from where to fetch a project, which are shown on project summary page. The full fetch URL is "<code>$git_base_url/$project</code>", for each element of this list. You can set up multiple base URLs @@ -1536,7 +1536,7 @@ (or enabled/disabled) on a per-repository basis. </p> <div class="paragraph"><p>Usually given "<feature>" is configurable via the <code>gitweb.<feature></code> -config variable in the per-repository git configuration file.</p></div> +config variable in the per-repository Git configuration file.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p><strong>Note</strong> that no feature is overriddable by default.</p></div> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"> @@ -1747,7 +1747,7 @@ ('h’ gitweb parameter) and ‘%b` to the current hash base ('hb’ gitweb parameter); ‘%%` expands to '%’.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>For example, at the time this page was written, the <a href="http://repo.or.cz">http://repo.or.cz</a> -git hosting site set it to the following to enable graphical log +Git hosting site set it to the following to enable graphical log (using the third party tool <strong>git-browser</strong>):</p></div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> @@ -1763,10 +1763,10 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - Enable displaying how much time and how many git commands it took to + Enable displaying how much time and how many Git commands it took to generate and display each page in the page footer (at the bottom of page). For example the footer might contain: "This page took 6.53325 - seconds and 13 git commands to generate." Disabled by default. + seconds and 13 Git commands to generate." Disabled by default. </p> <div class="paragraph"><p>Project specific override is not supported.</p></div> </dd> @@ -1921,7 +1921,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2012-06-19 16:36:49 PDT +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body> diff --git a/gitweb.conf.txt b/gitweb.conf.txt index 4947455..eb63631 100644 --- a/gitweb.conf.txt +++ b/gitweb.conf.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ NAME ---- -gitweb.conf - Gitweb (git web interface) configuration file +gitweb.conf - Gitweb (Git web interface) configuration file SYNOPSIS -------- @@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ You can include other configuration file using read_config_file() subroutine. For example, one might want to put gitweb configuration related to access control for viewing repositories via Gitolite (one -of git repository management tools) in a separate file, e.g. in +of Git repository management tools) in a separate file, e.g. in '/etc/gitweb-gitolite.conf'. To include it, put -------------------------------------------------- @@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ Location of repositories ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The configuration variables described below control how gitweb finds -git repositories, and how repositories are displayed and accessed. +Git repositories, and how repositories are displayed and accessed. See also "Repositories" and later subsections in linkgit:gitweb[1] manpage. @@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ $project_maxdepth:: If `$projects_list` variable is unset, gitweb will recursively - scan filesystem for git repositories. The `$project_maxdepth` + scan filesystem for Git repositories. The `$project_maxdepth` is used to limit traversing depth, relative to `$projectroot` (starting point); it means that directories which are further from `$projectroot` than `$project_maxdepth` will be skipped. @@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ + If not set (default), it means that this feature is disabled. + -See also more involved example in "Controlling access to git repositories" +See also more involved example in "Controlling access to Git repositories" subsection on linkgit:gitweb[1] manpage. $strict_export:: @@ -222,18 +222,18 @@ $GIT:: Core git executable to use. By default set to `$GIT_BINDIR/git`, which - in turn is by default set to `$(bindir)/git`. If you use git installed + in turn is by default set to `$(bindir)/git`. If you use Git installed from a binary package, you should usually set this to "/usr/bin/git". This can just be "git" if your web server has a sensible PATH; from security point of view it is better to use absolute path to git binary. - If you have multiple git versions installed it can be used to choose + If you have multiple Git versions installed it can be used to choose which one to use. Must be (correctly) set for gitweb to be able to work. $mimetypes_file:: File to use for (filename extension based) guessing of MIME types before trying '/etc/mime.types'. *NOTE* that this path, if relative, is taken - as relative to the current git repository, not to CGI script. If unset, + as relative to the current Git repository, not to CGI script. If unset, only '/etc/mime.types' is used (if present on filesystem). If no mimetypes file is found, mimetype guessing based on extension of file is disabled. Unset by default. @@ -343,8 +343,8 @@ $logo_label:: URI and label (title) for the Git logo link (or your site logo, if you chose to use different logo image). By default, these both - refer to git homepage, http://git-scm.com[]; in the past, they pointed - to git documentation at http://www.kernel.org[]. + refer to Git homepage, http://git-scm.com[]; in the past, they pointed + to Git documentation at http://www.kernel.org[]. Changing gitweb's look @@ -436,7 +436,7 @@ detection. + *Note* that rename and especially copy detection can be quite -CPU-intensive. Note also that non git tools can have problems with +CPU-intensive. Note also that non Git tools can have problems with patches generated with options mentioned above, especially when they involve file copies (\'-C') or criss-cross renames (\'-B'). @@ -451,7 +451,7 @@ affects how "summary" pages look like, or load limiting). @git_base_url_list:: - List of git base URLs. These URLs are used to generate URLs + List of Git base URLs. These URLs are used to generate URLs describing from where to fetch a project, which are shown on project summary page. The full fetch URL is "`$git_base_url/$project`", for each element of this list. You can set up multiple base URLs @@ -616,7 +616,7 @@ (or enabled/disabled) on a per-repository basis. + Usually given "<feature>" is configurable via the `gitweb.<feature>` -config variable in the per-repository git configuration file. +config variable in the per-repository Git configuration file. + *Note* that no feature is overriddable by default. @@ -782,7 +782,7 @@ (\'hb' gitweb parameter); `%%` expands to \'%'. + For example, at the time this page was written, the http://repo.or.cz[] -git hosting site set it to the following to enable graphical log +Git hosting site set it to the following to enable graphical log (using the third party tool *git-browser*): + ---------------------------------------------------------------------- @@ -796,10 +796,10 @@ Project specific override is not supported. timed:: - Enable displaying how much time and how many git commands it took to + Enable displaying how much time and how many Git commands it took to generate and display each page in the page footer (at the bottom of page). For example the footer might contain: "This page took 6.53325 - seconds and 13 git commands to generate." Disabled by default. + seconds and 13 Git commands to generate." Disabled by default. + Project specific override is not supported.
diff --git a/gitweb.html b/gitweb.html index b8968a8..3a963dc 100644 --- a/gitweb.html +++ b/gitweb.html
@@ -745,7 +745,7 @@ <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> -<div class="paragraph"><p>To get started with gitweb, run <a href="git-instaweb.html">git-instaweb(1)</a> from a git repository. +<div class="paragraph"><p>To get started with gitweb, run <a href="git-instaweb.html">git-instaweb(1)</a> from a Git repository. This would configure and start your web server, and run web browser pointing to gitweb.</p></div> </div> @@ -753,7 +753,7 @@ <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> -<div class="paragraph"><p>Gitweb provides a web interface to git repositories. Its features include:</p></div> +<div class="paragraph"><p>Gitweb provides a web interface to Git repositories. Its features include:</p></div> <div class="ulist"><ul> <li> <p> @@ -823,9 +823,9 @@ </div></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>The default value for <code>$projectroot</code> is <em>/pub/git</em>. You can change it during building gitweb via <code>GITWEB_PROJECTROOT</code> build configuration variable.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>By default all git repositories under <code>$projectroot</code> are visible and available +<div class="paragraph"><p>By default all Git repositories under <code>$projectroot</code> are visible and available to gitweb. The list of projects is generated by default by scanning the -<code>$projectroot</code> directory for git repositories (for object databases to be +<code>$projectroot</code> directory for Git repositories (for object databases to be more exact; gitweb is not interested in a working area, and is best suited to showing "bare" repositories).</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>The name of the repository in gitweb is the path to its <code>$GIT_DIR</code> (its object @@ -904,7 +904,7 @@ foo/bar.git O+W+Ner+<owner@example.org></code></pre> </div></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>By default this file controls only which projects are <strong>visible</strong> on projects -list page (note that entries that do not point to correctly recognized git +list page (note that entries that do not point to correctly recognized Git repositories won’t be displayed by gitweb). Even if a project is not visible on projects list page, you can view it nevertheless by hand-crafting a gitweb URL. By setting <code>$strict_export</code> configuration variable (see @@ -941,8 +941,8 @@ filename.</p></div> </div> <div class="sect2"> -<h3 id="_controlling_access_to_git_repositories">Controlling access to git repositories</h3> -<div class="paragraph"><p>By default all git repositories under <code>$projectroot</code> are visible and +<h3 id="_controlling_access_to_git_repositories">Controlling access to Git repositories</h3> +<div class="paragraph"><p>By default all Git repositories under <code>$projectroot</code> are visible and available to gitweb. You can however configure how gitweb controls access to repositories.</p></div> <div class="ulist"><ul> @@ -1002,7 +1002,7 @@ <div class="sect2"> <h3 id="_per_repository_gitweb_configuration">Per-repository gitweb configuration</h3> <div class="paragraph"><p>You can configure individual repositories shown in gitweb by creating file -in the <em>GIT_DIR</em> of git repository, or by setting some repo configuration +in the <em>GIT_DIR</em> of Git repository, or by setting some repo configuration variable (in <em>GIT_DIR/config</em>, see <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>).</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>You can use the following files in repository:</p></div> <div class="dlist"><dl> @@ -1432,7 +1432,7 @@ </div></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>The above configuration expects your public repositories to live under <em>/pub/git</em> and will serve them as <code>http://git.domain.org/dir-under-pub-git</code>, -both as cloneable GIT URL and as browseable gitweb interface. If you then +both as cloneable Git URL and as browseable gitweb interface. If you then start your <a href="git-daemon.html">git-daemon(1)</a> with <code>--base-path=/pub/git --export-all</code> then you can even use the <code>git://</code> URL with exactly the same path.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>Setting the environment variable <code>GITWEB_CONFIG</code> will tell gitweb to use the @@ -1509,7 +1509,7 @@ <code>$per_request_config</code> must be false, or the above must be put in code referenced by <code>$per_request_config</code>;</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>These configurations enable two things. First, each unix user (<code><user></code>) of -the server will be able to browse through gitweb git repositories found in +the server will be able to browse through gitweb Git repositories found in <em>~/public_git/</em> with the following url:</p></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> @@ -1598,7 +1598,7 @@ <div class="content"> <pre><code>http://git.example.com/project.git</code></pre> </div></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>will give raw access to the project’s git dir (so that the project can be +<div class="paragraph"><p>will give raw access to the project’s Git dir (so that the project can be cloned), while</p></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> @@ -1639,7 +1639,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2012-03-31 11:18:40 PDT +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/gitweb.txt b/gitweb.txt index 168e8bf..40969f1 100644 --- a/gitweb.txt +++ b/gitweb.txt
@@ -7,14 +7,14 @@ SYNOPSIS -------- -To get started with gitweb, run linkgit:git-instaweb[1] from a git repository. +To get started with gitweb, run linkgit:git-instaweb[1] from a Git repository. This would configure and start your web server, and run web browser pointing to gitweb. DESCRIPTION ----------- -Gitweb provides a web interface to git repositories. Its features include: +Gitweb provides a web interface to Git repositories. Its features include: * Viewing multiple Git repositories with common root. * Browsing every revision of the repository. @@ -54,9 +54,9 @@ The default value for `$projectroot` is '/pub/git'. You can change it during building gitweb via `GITWEB_PROJECTROOT` build configuration variable. -By default all git repositories under `$projectroot` are visible and available +By default all Git repositories under `$projectroot` are visible and available to gitweb. The list of projects is generated by default by scanning the -`$projectroot` directory for git repositories (for object databases to be +`$projectroot` directory for Git repositories (for object databases to be more exact; gitweb is not interested in a working area, and is best suited to showing "bare" repositories). @@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ By default this file controls only which projects are *visible* on projects -list page (note that entries that do not point to correctly recognized git +list page (note that entries that do not point to correctly recognized Git repositories won't be displayed by gitweb). Even if a project is not visible on projects list page, you can view it nevertheless by hand-crafting a gitweb URL. By setting `$strict_export` configuration variable (see @@ -151,9 +151,9 @@ filename. -Controlling access to git repositories +Controlling access to Git repositories ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -By default all git repositories under `$projectroot` are visible and +By default all Git repositories under `$projectroot` are visible and available to gitweb. You can however configure how gitweb controls access to repositories. @@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ Per-repository gitweb configuration ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ You can configure individual repositories shown in gitweb by creating file -in the 'GIT_DIR' of git repository, or by setting some repo configuration +in the 'GIT_DIR' of Git repository, or by setting some repo configuration variable (in 'GIT_DIR/config', see linkgit:git-config[1]). You can use the following files in repository: @@ -504,7 +504,7 @@ The above configuration expects your public repositories to live under '/pub/git' and will serve them as `http://git.domain.org/dir-under-pub-git`, -both as cloneable GIT URL and as browseable gitweb interface. If you then +both as cloneable Git URL and as browseable gitweb interface. If you then start your linkgit:git-daemon[1] with `--base-path=/pub/git --export-all` then you can even use the `git://` URL with exactly the same path. @@ -584,7 +584,7 @@ referenced by `$per_request_config`; These configurations enable two things. First, each unix user (`<user>`) of -the server will be able to browse through gitweb git repositories found in +the server will be able to browse through gitweb Git repositories found in '~/public_git/' with the following url: http://git.example.org/~<user>/ @@ -673,7 +673,7 @@ http://git.example.com/project.git -will give raw access to the project's git dir (so that the project can be +will give raw access to the project's Git dir (so that the project can be cloned), while http://git.example.com/project
diff --git a/gitworkflows.html b/gitworkflows.html index 86e25ed..5bfbffe 100644 --- a/gitworkflows.html +++ b/gitworkflows.html
@@ -737,7 +737,7 @@ <h2>NAME</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <p>gitworkflows - - An overview of recommended workflows with git + An overview of recommended workflows with Git </p> </div> </div> @@ -969,9 +969,9 @@ <div class="exampleblock"> <div class="title">Recipe: Release tagging</div> <div class="content"> -<div class="paragraph"><p><code>git tag -s -m "GIT X.Y.Z" vX.Y.Z master</code></p></div> +<div class="paragraph"><p><code>git tag -s -m "Git X.Y.Z" vX.Y.Z master</code></p></div> </div></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>You need to push the new tag to a public git server (see +<div class="paragraph"><p>You need to push the new tag to a public Git server (see "DISTRIBUTED WORKFLOWS" below). This makes the tag available to others tracking your project. The push could also trigger a post-update hook to perform release-related items such as building @@ -1226,7 +1226,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2012-05-02 15:00:44 PDT +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/gitworkflows.txt b/gitworkflows.txt index 8b8c6ae..f16c414 100644 --- a/gitworkflows.txt +++ b/gitworkflows.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ NAME ---- -gitworkflows - An overview of recommended workflows with git +gitworkflows - An overview of recommended workflows with Git SYNOPSIS -------- @@ -242,10 +242,10 @@ .Release tagging [caption="Recipe: "] ===================================== -`git tag -s -m "GIT X.Y.Z" vX.Y.Z master` +`git tag -s -m "Git X.Y.Z" vX.Y.Z master` ===================================== -You need to push the new tag to a public git server (see +You need to push the new tag to a public Git server (see "DISTRIBUTED WORKFLOWS" below). This makes the tag available to others tracking your project. The push could also trigger a post-update hook to perform release-related items such as building
diff --git a/glossary-content.txt b/glossary-content.txt index f928b57..eb7ba84 100644 --- a/glossary-content.txt +++ b/glossary-content.txt
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ A bare repository is normally an appropriately named <<def_directory,directory>> with a `.git` suffix that does not have a locally checked-out copy of any of the files under - revision control. That is, all of the `git` + revision control. That is, all of the Git administrative and control files that would normally be present in the hidden `.git` sub-directory are directly present in the `repository.git` directory instead, @@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ <<def_commit,commit>> on a branch is referred to as the tip of that branch. The tip of the branch is referenced by a branch <<def_head,head>>, which moves forward as additional development - is done on the branch. A single git + is done on the branch. A single Git <<def_repository,repository>> can track an arbitrary number of branches, but your <<def_working_tree,working tree>> is associated with just one of them (the "current" or "checked out" @@ -37,9 +37,9 @@ <<def_commit,commit>> could be one of its <<def_parent,parents>>). [[def_changeset]]changeset:: - BitKeeper/cvsps speak for "<<def_commit,commit>>". Since git does not + BitKeeper/cvsps speak for "<<def_commit,commit>>". Since Git does not store changes, but states, it really does not make sense to use the term - "changesets" with git. + "changesets" with Git. [[def_checkout]]checkout:: The action of updating all or part of the @@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ [[def_cherry-picking]]cherry-picking:: In <<def_SCM,SCM>> jargon, "cherry pick" means to choose a subset of changes out of a series of changes (typically commits) and record them - as a new series of changes on top of a different codebase. In GIT, this is + as a new series of changes on top of a different codebase. In Git, this is performed by the "git cherry-pick" command to extract the change introduced by an existing <<def_commit,commit>> and to record it based on the tip of the current <<def_branch,branch>> as a new commit. @@ -64,14 +64,14 @@ [[def_commit]]commit:: As a noun: A single point in the - git history; the entire history of a project is represented as a + Git history; the entire history of a project is represented as a set of interrelated commits. The word "commit" is often - used by git in the same places other revision control systems + used by Git in the same places other revision control systems use the words "revision" or "version". Also used as a short hand for <<def_commit_object,commit object>>. + As a verb: The action of storing a new snapshot of the project's -state in the git history, by creating a new commit representing the current +state in the Git history, by creating a new commit representing the current state of the <<def_index,index>> and advancing <<def_HEAD,HEAD>> to point at the new commit. @@ -82,8 +82,8 @@ to the top <<def_directory,directory>> of the stored revision. -[[def_core_git]]core git:: - Fundamental data structures and utilities of git. Exposes only limited +[[def_core_git]]core Git:: + Fundamental data structures and utilities of Git. Exposes only limited source code management tools. [[def_DAG]]DAG:: @@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ [[def_detached_HEAD]]detached HEAD:: Normally the <<def_HEAD,HEAD>> stores the name of a - <<def_branch,branch>>. However, git also allows you to <<def_checkout,check out>> + <<def_branch,branch>>. However, Git also allows you to <<def_checkout,check out>> an arbitrary <<def_commit,commit>> that isn't necessarily the tip of any particular branch. In this case HEAD is said to be "detached". @@ -142,22 +142,26 @@ and to get them, too. See also linkgit:git-fetch[1]. [[def_file_system]]file system:: - Linus Torvalds originally designed git to be a user space file system, + Linus Torvalds originally designed Git to be a user space file system, i.e. the infrastructure to hold files and directories. That ensured the - efficiency and speed of git. + efficiency and speed of Git. -[[def_git_archive]]git archive:: +[[def_git_archive]]Git archive:: Synonym for <<def_repository,repository>> (for arch people). +[[def_gitfile]]gitfile:: + A plain file `.git` at the root of a working tree that + points at the directory that is the real repository. + [[def_grafts]]grafts:: Grafts enables two otherwise different lines of development to be joined together by recording fake ancestry information for commits. This way - you can make git pretend the set of <<def_parent,parents>> a <<def_commit,commit>> has + you can make Git pretend the set of <<def_parent,parents>> a <<def_commit,commit>> has is different from what was recorded when the commit was created. Configured via the `.git/info/grafts` file. [[def_hash]]hash:: - In git's context, synonym to <<def_object_name,object name>>. + In Git's context, synonym to <<def_object_name,object name>>. [[def_head]]head:: A <<def_ref,named reference>> to the <<def_commit,commit>> at the tip of a @@ -177,14 +181,14 @@ A synonym for <<def_head,head>>. [[def_hook]]hook:: - During the normal execution of several git commands, call-outs are made + During the normal execution of several Git commands, call-outs are made to optional scripts that allow a developer to add functionality or checking. Typically, the hooks allow for a command to be pre-verified and potentially aborted, and allow for a post-notification after the operation is done. The hook scripts are found in the `$GIT_DIR/hooks/` directory, and are enabled by simply removing the `.sample` suffix from the filename. In earlier versions - of git you had to make them executable. + of Git you had to make them executable. [[def_index]]index:: A collection of files with stat information, whose contents are stored @@ -201,7 +205,7 @@ [[def_master]]master:: The default development <<def_branch,branch>>. Whenever you - create a git <<def_repository,repository>>, a branch named + create a Git <<def_repository,repository>>, a branch named "master" is created, and becomes the active branch. In most cases, this contains the local development, though that is purely by convention and is not required. @@ -228,7 +232,7 @@ "merge". [[def_object]]object:: - The unit of storage in git. It is uniquely identified by the + The unit of storage in Git. It is uniquely identified by the <<def_SHA1,SHA1>> of its contents. Consequently, an object can not be changed. @@ -323,7 +327,7 @@ + Currently only the slash `/` is recognized as the "magic signature", but it is envisioned that we will support more types of magic in later -versions of git. +versions of Git. + A pathspec with only a colon means "there is no pathspec". This form should not be combined with other pathspec. @@ -341,12 +345,12 @@ particular line of text. See linkgit:git-diff[1]. [[def_plumbing]]plumbing:: - Cute name for <<def_core_git,core git>>. + Cute name for <<def_core_git,core Git>>. [[def_porcelain]]porcelain:: Cute name for programs and program suites depending on - <<def_core_git,core git>>, presenting a high level access to - core git. Porcelains expose more of a <<def_SCM,SCM>> + <<def_core_git,core Git>>, presenting a high level access to + core Git. Porcelains expose more of a <<def_SCM,SCM>> interface than the <<def_plumbing,plumbing>>. [[def_pull]]pull:: @@ -406,7 +410,7 @@ linkgit:git-push[1]. [[def_remote_tracking_branch]]remote-tracking branch:: - A regular git <<def_branch,branch>> that is used to follow changes from + A regular Git <<def_branch,branch>> that is used to follow changes from another <<def_repository,repository>>. A remote-tracking branch should not contain direct modifications or have local commits made to it. A remote-tracking branch can usually be @@ -443,7 +447,7 @@ [[def_shallow_repository]]shallow repository:: A shallow <<def_repository,repository>> has an incomplete history some of whose <<def_commit,commits>> have <<def_parent,parents>> cauterized away (in other - words, git is told to pretend that these commits do not have the + words, Git is told to pretend that these commits do not have the parents, even though they are recorded in the <<def_commit_object,commit object>>). This is sometimes useful when you are interested only in the recent history of a project even though the real history recorded in the @@ -464,9 +468,9 @@ object of an arbitrary type (typically a tag points to either a <<def_tag_object,tag>> or a <<def_commit_object,commit object>>). In contrast to a <<def_head,head>>, a tag is not updated by - the `commit` command. A git tag has nothing to do with a Lisp + the `commit` command. A Git tag has nothing to do with a Lisp tag (which would be called an <<def_object_type,object type>> - in git's context). A tag is most typically used to mark a particular + in Git's context). A tag is most typically used to mark a particular point in the commit ancestry <<def_chain,chain>>. [[def_tag_object]]tag object:: @@ -476,7 +480,7 @@ signature, in which case it is called a "signed tag object". [[def_topic_branch]]topic branch:: - A regular git <<def_branch,branch>> that is used by a developer to + A regular Git <<def_branch,branch>> that is used by a developer to identify a conceptual line of development. Since branches are very easy and inexpensive, it is often desirable to have several small branches that each contain very well defined concepts or small incremental yet
diff --git a/howto-index.html b/howto-index.html index 0576800..d1ffd83 100644 --- a/howto-index.html +++ b/howto-index.html
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="application/xhtml+xml; charset=UTF-8" /> <meta name="generator" content="AsciiDoc 8.6.8" /> -<title>GIT Howto Index</title> +<title>Git Howto Index</title> <style type="text/css"> /* Shared CSS for AsciiDoc xhtml11 and html5 backends */ @@ -731,13 +731,13 @@ </head> <body class="article"> <div id="header"> -<h1>GIT Howto Index</h1> +<h1>Git Howto Index</h1> </div> <div id="content"> <div id="preamble"> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"><p>Here is a collection of mailing list postings made by various -people describing how they use git in their workflow.</p></div> +people describing how they use Git in their workflow.</p></div> <div class="ulist"><ul> <li> <p> @@ -745,7 +745,7 @@ </p> </li> </ul></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>Imagine that git development is racing along as usual, when our friendly +<div class="paragraph"><p>Imagine that Git development is racing along as usual, when our friendly neighborhood maintainer is struck down by a wayward bus. Out of the hordes of suckers (loyal developers), you have been tricked (chosen) to step up as the new maintainer. This howto will show you "how to" do it.</p></div> @@ -757,7 +757,7 @@ </li> </ul></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>This is how-to documentation for people who want to add extension -commands to git. It should be read alongside api-builtin.txt.</p></div> +commands to Git. It should be read alongside api-builtin.txt.</p></div> <div class="ulist"><ul> <li> <p> @@ -766,7 +766,7 @@ </li> </ul></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>In this article, JC talks about how he rebases the -public "pu" branch using the core GIT tools when he updates +public "pu" branch using the core Git tools when he updates the "master" branch, and how "rebase" works. Also discussed is how this applies to individual developers who sends patches upstream.</p></div> @@ -778,7 +778,7 @@ </li> </ul></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>In this how-to article, JC talks about how he -uses the post-update hook to automate git documentation page +uses the post-update hook to automate Git documentation page shown at <a href="http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/">http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/</a>.</p></div> <div class="ulist"><ul> <li> @@ -864,7 +864,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2012-12-31 16:06:32 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:27 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/howto-index.txt b/howto-index.txt index 98d0ed6..798798e 100644 --- a/howto-index.txt +++ b/howto-index.txt
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@ -GIT Howto Index +Git Howto Index =============== Here is a collection of mailing list postings made by various -people describing how they use git in their workflow. +people describing how they use Git in their workflow. * link:howto/maintain-git.html[maintain-git] by Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> -Imagine that git development is racing along as usual, when our friendly +Imagine that Git development is racing along as usual, when our friendly neighborhood maintainer is struck down by a wayward bus. Out of the hordes of suckers (loyal developers), you have been tricked (chosen) to step up as the new maintainer. This howto will show you "how to" do it. @@ -15,13 +15,13 @@ * link:howto/new-command.html[new-command] by Eric S. Raymond <esr@thyrsus.com> This is how-to documentation for people who want to add extension -commands to git. It should be read alongside api-builtin.txt. +commands to Git. It should be read alongside api-builtin.txt. * link:howto/rebase-from-internal-branch.html[rebase-from-internal-branch] by Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> In this article, JC talks about how he rebases the -public "pu" branch using the core GIT tools when he updates +public "pu" branch using the core Git tools when he updates the "master" branch, and how "rebase" works. Also discussed is how this applies to individual developers who sends patches upstream. @@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ * link:howto/rebuild-from-update-hook.html[rebuild-from-update-hook] by Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> In this how-to article, JC talks about how he -uses the post-update hook to automate git documentation page +uses the post-update hook to automate Git documentation page shown at http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/.
diff --git a/howto/maintain-git.html b/howto/maintain-git.html index 700a1db..df21a07 100644 --- a/howto/maintain-git.html +++ b/howto/maintain-git.html
@@ -737,7 +737,7 @@ <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_activities">Activities</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> -<div class="paragraph"><p>The maintainer’s git time is spent on three activities.</p></div> +<div class="paragraph"><p>The maintainer’s Git time is spent on three activities.</p></div> <div class="ulist"><ul> <li> <p> @@ -867,7 +867,7 @@ <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_a_typical_git_day">A Typical Git Day</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> -<div class="paragraph"><p>A typical git day for the maintainer implements the above policy +<div class="paragraph"><p>A typical Git day for the maintainer implements the above policy by doing the following:</p></div> <div class="ulist"><ul> <li> @@ -1428,7 +1428,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2013-01-25 13:32:11 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:08:56 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/howto/maintain-git.txt b/howto/maintain-git.txt index 816c791..33ae69c 100644 --- a/howto/maintain-git.txt +++ b/howto/maintain-git.txt
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ From: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> Date: Wed, 21 Nov 2007 16:32:55 -0800 Subject: Addendum to "MaintNotes" -Abstract: Imagine that git development is racing along as usual, when our friendly +Abstract: Imagine that Git development is racing along as usual, when our friendly neighborhood maintainer is struck down by a wayward bus. Out of the hordes of suckers (loyal developers), you have been tricked (chosen) to step up as the new maintainer. This howto will show you "how to" do it. @@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ Activities ---------- -The maintainer's git time is spent on three activities. +The maintainer's Git time is spent on three activities. - Communication (45%) @@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ A Typical Git Day ----------------- -A typical git day for the maintainer implements the above policy +A typical Git day for the maintainer implements the above policy by doing the following: - Scan mailing list. Respond with review comments, suggestions
diff --git a/howto/new-command.html b/howto/new-command.html index e7957ac..49fe6ac 100644 --- a/howto/new-command.html +++ b/howto/new-command.html
@@ -737,19 +737,19 @@ <div id="preamble"> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"><p>This is how-to documentation for people who want to add extension -commands to git. It should be read alongside api-builtin.txt.</p></div> +commands to Git. It should be read alongside api-builtin.txt.</p></div> </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_runtime_environment">Runtime environment</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> -<div class="paragraph"><p>git subcommands are standalone executables that live in the git exec +<div class="paragraph"><p>Git subcommands are standalone executables that live in the Git exec path, normally /usr/lib/git-core. The git executable itself is a thin wrapper that knows where the subcommands live, and runs them by passing command-line arguments to them.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>(If "git foo" is not found in the git exec path, the wrapper +<div class="paragraph"><p>(If "git foo" is not found in the Git exec path, the wrapper will look in the rest of your $PATH for it. Thus, it’s possible -to write local git extensions that don’t live in system space.)</p></div> +to write local Git extensions that don’t live in system space.)</p></div> </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> @@ -760,12 +760,12 @@ <div class="paragraph"><p>While we strongly encourage coding in portable C for portability, these specific scripting languages are also acceptable. We won’t accept more without a very strong technical case, as we don’t want -to broaden the git suite’s required dependencies. Import utilities, +to broaden the Git suite’s required dependencies. Import utilities, surgical tools, remote helpers and other code at the edges of the -git suite are more lenient and we allow Python (and even Tcl/tk), +Git suite are more lenient and we allow Python (and even Tcl/tk), but they should not be used for core functions.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>This may change in the future. Especially Python is not allowed in -core because we need better Python integration in the git Windows +core because we need better Python integration in the Git Windows installer before we can be confident people in that environment won’t experience an unacceptably large loss of capability.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>C commands are normally written as single modules, named after the @@ -782,7 +782,7 @@ <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_what_every_extension_command_needs">What every extension command needs</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> -<div class="paragraph"><p>You must have a man page, written in asciidoc (this is what git help +<div class="paragraph"><p>You must have a man page, written in asciidoc (this is what Git help followed by your subcommand name will display). Be aware that there is a local asciidoc configuration and macros which you should use. It’s often helpful to start by cloning an existing page and replacing the @@ -801,7 +801,7 @@ <h2 id="_integrating_a_command">Integrating a command</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"><p>Here are the things you need to do when you want to merge a new -subcommand into the git tree.</p></div> +subcommand into the Git tree.</p></div> <div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic"> <li> <p> @@ -857,7 +857,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2012-12-31 16:06:35 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:08:50 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/howto/new-command.txt b/howto/new-command.txt index 36502f6..2abc3a0 100644 --- a/howto/new-command.txt +++ b/howto/new-command.txt
@@ -1,25 +1,25 @@ From: Eric S. Raymond <esr@thyrsus.com> Abstract: This is how-to documentation for people who want to add extension - commands to git. It should be read alongside api-builtin.txt. + commands to Git. It should be read alongside api-builtin.txt. Content-type: text/asciidoc How to integrate new subcommands ================================ This is how-to documentation for people who want to add extension -commands to git. It should be read alongside api-builtin.txt. +commands to Git. It should be read alongside api-builtin.txt. Runtime environment ------------------- -git subcommands are standalone executables that live in the git exec +Git subcommands are standalone executables that live in the Git exec path, normally /usr/lib/git-core. The git executable itself is a thin wrapper that knows where the subcommands live, and runs them by passing command-line arguments to them. -(If "git foo" is not found in the git exec path, the wrapper +(If "git foo" is not found in the Git exec path, the wrapper will look in the rest of your $PATH for it. Thus, it's possible -to write local git extensions that don't live in system space.) +to write local Git extensions that don't live in system space.) Implementation languages ------------------------ @@ -30,13 +30,13 @@ While we strongly encourage coding in portable C for portability, these specific scripting languages are also acceptable. We won't accept more without a very strong technical case, as we don't want -to broaden the git suite's required dependencies. Import utilities, +to broaden the Git suite's required dependencies. Import utilities, surgical tools, remote helpers and other code at the edges of the -git suite are more lenient and we allow Python (and even Tcl/tk), +Git suite are more lenient and we allow Python (and even Tcl/tk), but they should not be used for core functions. This may change in the future. Especially Python is not allowed in -core because we need better Python integration in the git Windows +core because we need better Python integration in the Git Windows installer before we can be confident people in that environment won't experience an unacceptably large loss of capability. @@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ What every extension command needs ---------------------------------- -You must have a man page, written in asciidoc (this is what git help +You must have a man page, written in asciidoc (this is what Git help followed by your subcommand name will display). Be aware that there is a local asciidoc configuration and macros which you should use. It's often helpful to start by cloning an existing page and replacing the @@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ --------------------- Here are the things you need to do when you want to merge a new -subcommand into the git tree. +subcommand into the Git tree. 1. Don't forget to sign off your patch!
diff --git a/howto/rebase-from-internal-branch.html b/howto/rebase-from-internal-branch.html index f9db64d..41bc5c3 100644 --- a/howto/rebase-from-internal-branch.html +++ b/howto/rebase-from-internal-branch.html
@@ -753,7 +753,7 @@ up. With its basing philosophical ancestry on quilt, this is the kind of task StGIT is designed to do.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>I just have done a simpler one, this time using only the core -GIT tools.</p></div> +Git tools.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>I had a handful of commits that were ahead of master in pu, and I wanted to add some documentation bypassing my usual habit of placing new things in pu first. At the beginning, the commit @@ -818,7 +818,7 @@ you ran fsck-cache, which is normal. After testing "pu", you can run "git prune" to get rid of those original three commits.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>While I am talking about "git rebase", I should talk about how -to do cherrypicking using only the core GIT tools.</p></div> +to do cherrypicking using only the core Git tools.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>Let’s go back to the earlier picture, with different labels.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>You, as an individual developer, cloned upstream repository and made a couple of commits on top of it.</p></div> @@ -891,7 +891,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2012-12-31 16:06:41 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:08:55 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/howto/rebase-from-internal-branch.txt b/howto/rebase-from-internal-branch.txt index 4627ee4..19ab604 100644 --- a/howto/rebase-from-internal-branch.txt +++ b/howto/rebase-from-internal-branch.txt
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Subject: Re: sending changesets from the middle of a git tree Date: Sun, 14 Aug 2005 18:37:39 -0700 Abstract: In this article, JC talks about how he rebases the - public "pu" branch using the core GIT tools when he updates + public "pu" branch using the core Git tools when he updates the "master" branch, and how "rebase" works. Also discussed is how this applies to individual developers who sends patches upstream. @@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ the kind of task StGIT is designed to do. I just have done a simpler one, this time using only the core -GIT tools. +Git tools. I had a handful of commits that were ahead of master in pu, and I wanted to add some documentation bypassing my usual habit of @@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ can run "git prune" to get rid of those original three commits. While I am talking about "git rebase", I should talk about how -to do cherrypicking using only the core GIT tools. +to do cherrypicking using only the core Git tools. Let's go back to the earlier picture, with different labels.
diff --git a/howto/rebuild-from-update-hook.html b/howto/rebuild-from-update-hook.html index 323f97d..15dc0f5 100644 --- a/howto/rebuild-from-update-hook.html +++ b/howto/rebuild-from-update-hook.html
@@ -741,11 +741,11 @@ and needed to be kept up-to-date. The www.kernel.org/ servers are mirrored and I was told that the origin of the mirror is on the machine $some.kernel.org, on which I was given an account -when I took over git maintainership from Linus.</p></div> +when I took over Git maintainership from Linus.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>The directories relevant to this how-to are these two:</p></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> -<pre><code>/pub/scm/git/git.git/ The public git repository. +<pre><code>/pub/scm/git/git.git/ The public Git repository. /pub/software/scm/git/docs/ The HTML documentation page.</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>So I made a repository to generate the documentation under my @@ -778,7 +778,7 @@ EOF</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>Initially I used to run this by hand whenever I push into the -public git repository. Then I did a cron job that ran twice a +public Git repository. Then I did a cron job that ran twice a day. The current round uses the post-update hook mechanism, like this:</p></div> <div class="literalblock"> @@ -843,7 +843,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2012-12-31 16:06:40 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:08:55 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/howto/rebuild-from-update-hook.txt b/howto/rebuild-from-update-hook.txt index 00c1b45..25378f6 100644 --- a/howto/rebuild-from-update-hook.txt +++ b/howto/rebuild-from-update-hook.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ From: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> Date: Fri, 26 Aug 2005 18:19:10 -0700 Abstract: In this how-to article, JC talks about how he - uses the post-update hook to automate git documentation page + uses the post-update hook to automate Git documentation page shown at http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/. Content-type: text/asciidoc @@ -15,11 +15,11 @@ and needed to be kept up-to-date. The www.kernel.org/ servers are mirrored and I was told that the origin of the mirror is on the machine $some.kernel.org, on which I was given an account -when I took over git maintainership from Linus. +when I took over Git maintainership from Linus. The directories relevant to this how-to are these two: - /pub/scm/git/git.git/ The public git repository. + /pub/scm/git/git.git/ The public Git repository. /pub/software/scm/git/docs/ The HTML documentation page. So I made a repository to generate the documentation under my @@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ EOF Initially I used to run this by hand whenever I push into the -public git repository. Then I did a cron job that ran twice a +public Git repository. Then I did a cron job that ran twice a day. The current round uses the post-update hook mechanism, like this:
diff --git a/howto/recover-corrupted-blob-object.html b/howto/recover-corrupted-blob-object.html index b619172..793b2ca 100644 --- a/howto/recover-corrupted-blob-object.html +++ b/howto/recover-corrupted-blob-object.html
@@ -747,7 +747,7 @@ itself doesn’t actually tell you anything, in order to fix a corrupt object you basically have to find the "original source" for it.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>The easiest way to do that is almost always to have backups, and find the -same object somewhere else. Backups really are a good idea, and git makes +same object somewhere else. Backups really are a good idea, and Git makes it pretty easy (if nothing else, just clone the repository somewhere else, and make sure that you do <strong>not</strong> use a hard-linked clone, and preferably not the same disk/machine).</p></div> @@ -861,7 +861,7 @@ <pre><code>git log --raw --all</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>and just looked for the sha of the missing object (4b9458b..) in that -whole thing. It’s up to you - git does <strong>have</strong> a lot of information, it is +whole thing. It’s up to you - Git does <strong>have</strong> a lot of information, it is just missing one particular blob version.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>Trying to recreate trees and especially commits is <strong>much</strong> harder. So you were lucky that it’s a blob. It’s quite possible that you can recreate the @@ -876,7 +876,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2012-12-31 16:06:40 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:08:54 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/howto/recover-corrupted-blob-object.txt b/howto/recover-corrupted-blob-object.txt index 7484735..6d362ce 100644 --- a/howto/recover-corrupted-blob-object.txt +++ b/howto/recover-corrupted-blob-object.txt
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ object you basically have to find the "original source" for it. The easiest way to do that is almost always to have backups, and find the -same object somewhere else. Backups really are a good idea, and git makes +same object somewhere else. Backups really are a good idea, and Git makes it pretty easy (if nothing else, just clone the repository somewhere else, and make sure that you do *not* use a hard-linked clone, and preferably not the same disk/machine). @@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ git log --raw --all and just looked for the sha of the missing object (4b9458b..) in that -whole thing. It's up to you - git does *have* a lot of information, it is +whole thing. It's up to you - Git does *have* a lot of information, it is just missing one particular blob version. Trying to recreate trees and especially commits is *much* harder. So you
diff --git a/howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.html b/howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.html index 26bb0d1..0663638 100644 --- a/howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.html +++ b/howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.html
@@ -906,7 +906,7 @@ merged. So it’s debugging hell, because now you don’t have lots of small changes that you can try to pinpoint which <em>part</em> of it changes.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>But does it all work? Sure it does. You can revert a merge, and from a -purely technical angle, git did it very naturally and had no real +purely technical angle, Git did it very naturally and had no real troubles. It just considered it a change from "state before merge" to "state after merge", and that was it. Nothing complicated, nothing odd, nothing really dangerous. Git will do it without even thinking about it.</p></div> @@ -1021,7 +1021,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2012-12-31 16:06:39 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:08:53 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.txt b/howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.txt index 8a68548..075418e 100644 --- a/howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.txt +++ b/howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.txt
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ changes that you can try to pinpoint which _part_ of it changes. But does it all work? Sure it does. You can revert a merge, and from a -purely technical angle, git did it very naturally and had no real +purely technical angle, Git did it very naturally and had no real troubles. It just considered it a change from "state before merge" to "state after merge", and that was it. Nothing complicated, nothing odd, nothing really dangerous. Git will do it without even thinking about it.
diff --git a/howto/revert-branch-rebase.html b/howto/revert-branch-rebase.html index c90348a..3dc1a72 100644 --- a/howto/revert-branch-rebase.html +++ b/howto/revert-branch-rebase.html
@@ -737,10 +737,10 @@ <div id="preamble"> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"><p>One of the changes I pulled into the <em>master</em> branch turns out to -break building GIT with GCC 2.95. While they were well intentioned +break building Git with GCC 2.95. While they were well intentioned portability fixes, keeping things working with gcc-2.95 was also important. Here is what I did to revert the change in the <em>master</em> -branch and to adjust the <em>pu</em> branch, using core GIT tools and +branch and to adjust the <em>pu</em> branch, using core Git tools and barebone Porcelain.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>First, prepare a throw-away branch in case I screw things up.</p></div> <div class="listingblock"> @@ -903,7 +903,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2012-12-31 16:06:35 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:08:51 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/howto/revert-branch-rebase.txt b/howto/revert-branch-rebase.txt index a59ced8..84dd839 100644 --- a/howto/revert-branch-rebase.txt +++ b/howto/revert-branch-rebase.txt
@@ -12,10 +12,10 @@ ================================ One of the changes I pulled into the 'master' branch turns out to -break building GIT with GCC 2.95. While they were well intentioned +break building Git with GCC 2.95. While they were well intentioned portability fixes, keeping things working with gcc-2.95 was also important. Here is what I did to revert the change in the 'master' -branch and to adjust the 'pu' branch, using core GIT tools and +branch and to adjust the 'pu' branch, using core Git tools and barebone Porcelain. First, prepare a throw-away branch in case I screw things up.
diff --git a/howto/setup-git-server-over-http.html b/howto/setup-git-server-over-http.html index dd1f893..9a23b45 100644 --- a/howto/setup-git-server-over-http.html +++ b/howto/setup-git-server-over-http.html
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="application/xhtml+xml; charset=UTF-8" /> <meta name="generator" content="AsciiDoc 8.6.8" /> -<title>How to setup git server over http</title> +<title>How to setup Git server over http</title> <style type="text/css"> /* Shared CSS for AsciiDoc xhtml11 and html5 backends */ @@ -731,7 +731,7 @@ </head> <body class="article"> <div id="header"> -<h1>How to setup git server over http</h1> +<h1>How to setup Git server over http</h1> </div> <div id="content"> <div id="preamble"> @@ -796,12 +796,12 @@ </li> <li> <p> -have git installed on the client, and +have Git installed on the client, and </p> </li> <li> <p> -either have git installed on the server or have a webdav client on +either have Git installed on the server or have a webdav client on the client. </p> </li> @@ -811,10 +811,10 @@ </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> -<h2 id="_step_1_setup_a_bare_git_repository">Step 1: setup a bare GIT repository</h2> +<h2 id="_step_1_setup_a_bare_git_repository">Step 1: setup a bare Git repository</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> -<div class="paragraph"><p>At the time of writing, git-http-push cannot remotely create a GIT -repository. So we have to do that at the server side with git. Another +<div class="paragraph"><p>At the time of writing, git-http-push cannot remotely create a Git +repository. So we have to do that at the server side with Git. Another option is to generate an empty bare repository at the client and copy it to the server with a WebDAV client (which is the only option if Git is not installed on the server).</p></div> @@ -965,7 +965,7 @@ <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_step_3_setup_the_client">Step 3: setup the client</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> -<div class="paragraph"><p>Make sure that you have HTTP support, i.e. your git was built with +<div class="paragraph"><p>Make sure that you have HTTP support, i.e. your Git was built with libcurl (version more recent than 7.10). The command <em>git http-push</em> with no argument should display a usage message.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>Then, add the following to your $HOME/.netrc (you can do without, but will be @@ -1043,7 +1043,7 @@ <div class="content"> <pre><code>On Debian: Read /var/log/apache2/error.log instead.</code></pre> </div></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>If you access HTTPS locations, git may fail verifying the SSL +<div class="paragraph"><p>If you access HTTPS locations, Git may fail verifying the SSL certificate (this is return code 60). Setting http.sslVerify=false can help diagnosing the problem, but removes security checks.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>Debian References: <a href="http://www.debian-administration.org/articles/285">http://www.debian-administration.org/articles/285</a></p></div> @@ -1057,7 +1057,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2012-12-31 16:06:38 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:08:53 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/howto/setup-git-server-over-http.txt b/howto/setup-git-server-over-http.txt index a695f01..7f4943e 100644 --- a/howto/setup-git-server-over-http.txt +++ b/howto/setup-git-server-over-http.txt
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@ From: Rutger Nijlunsing <rutger@nospam.com> -Subject: Setting up a git repository which can be pushed into and pulled from over HTTP(S). +Subject: Setting up a Git repository which can be pushed into and pulled from over HTTP(S). Date: Thu, 10 Aug 2006 22:00:26 +0200 Content-type: text/asciidoc -How to setup git server over http +How to setup Git server over http ================================= Since Apache is one of those packages people like to compile @@ -44,20 +44,20 @@ - have permissions to chown a directory -- have git installed on the client, and +- have Git installed on the client, and -- either have git installed on the server or have a webdav client on +- either have Git installed on the server or have a webdav client on the client. In effect, this means you're going to be root, or that you're using a preconfigured WebDAV server. -Step 1: setup a bare GIT repository +Step 1: setup a bare Git repository ----------------------------------- -At the time of writing, git-http-push cannot remotely create a GIT -repository. So we have to do that at the server side with git. Another +At the time of writing, git-http-push cannot remotely create a Git +repository. So we have to do that at the server side with Git. Another option is to generate an empty bare repository at the client and copy it to the server with a WebDAV client (which is the only option if Git is not installed on the server). @@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ Step 3: setup the client ------------------------ -Make sure that you have HTTP support, i.e. your git was built with +Make sure that you have HTTP support, i.e. your Git was built with libcurl (version more recent than 7.10). The command 'git http-push' with no argument should display a usage message. @@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ On Debian: Read /var/log/apache2/error.log instead. -If you access HTTPS locations, git may fail verifying the SSL +If you access HTTPS locations, Git may fail verifying the SSL certificate (this is return code 60). Setting http.sslVerify=false can help diagnosing the problem, but removes security checks.
diff --git a/howto/use-git-daemon.html b/howto/use-git-daemon.html index 900e8d7..fa8ae80 100644 --- a/howto/use-git-daemon.html +++ b/howto/use-git-daemon.html
@@ -737,7 +737,7 @@ <div id="preamble"> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"><p>Git can be run in inetd mode and in stand alone mode. But all you want is -let a coworker pull from you, and therefore need to set up a git server +let a coworker pull from you, and therefore need to set up a Git server real quick, right?</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>Note that git-daemon is not really chatty at the moment, especially when things do not go according to plan (e.g. a socket could not be bound).</p></div> @@ -787,7 +787,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2012-12-31 16:06:37 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:08:52 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/howto/use-git-daemon.txt b/howto/use-git-daemon.txt index 23cdf35..7af2e52 100644 --- a/howto/use-git-daemon.txt +++ b/howto/use-git-daemon.txt
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ ===================== Git can be run in inetd mode and in stand alone mode. But all you want is -let a coworker pull from you, and therefore need to set up a git server +let a coworker pull from you, and therefore need to set up a Git server real quick, right? Note that git-daemon is not really chatty at the moment, especially when
diff --git a/howto/using-signed-tag-in-pull-request.html b/howto/using-signed-tag-in-pull-request.html index 7e37403..74d2375 100644 --- a/howto/using-signed-tag-in-pull-request.html +++ b/howto/using-signed-tag-in-pull-request.html
@@ -748,7 +748,7 @@ Froboz 3.2 (2011-09-30 14:20:57 -0700) - are available in the git repository at: + are available in the Git repository at: example.com:/git/froboz.git for-xyzzy</code></pre> </div></div> @@ -834,7 +834,7 @@ Froboz 3.2 (2011-09-30 14:20:57 -0700) - are available in the git repository at: + are available in the Git repository at: example.com:/git/froboz.git tags/frotz-for-xyzzy @@ -948,7 +948,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2012-12-31 16:06:36 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:08:51 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/howto/using-signed-tag-in-pull-request.txt b/howto/using-signed-tag-in-pull-request.txt index 00f693b..bbf040e 100644 --- a/howto/using-signed-tag-in-pull-request.txt +++ b/howto/using-signed-tag-in-pull-request.txt
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ Froboz 3.2 (2011-09-30 14:20:57 -0700) - are available in the git repository at: + are available in the Git repository at: example.com:/git/froboz.git for-xyzzy ------------ @@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ Froboz 3.2 (2011-09-30 14:20:57 -0700) - are available in the git repository at: + are available in the Git repository at: example.com:/git/froboz.git tags/frotz-for-xyzzy
diff --git a/i18n.txt b/i18n.txt index 625d315..e9a1d5d 100644 --- a/i18n.txt +++ b/i18n.txt
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@ -At the core level, git is character encoding agnostic. +At the core level, Git is character encoding agnostic. - The pathnames recorded in the index and in the tree objects are treated as uninterpreted sequences of non-NUL bytes. What readdir(2) returns are what are recorded and compared - with the data git keeps track of, which in turn are expected + with the data Git keeps track of, which in turn are expected to be what lstat(2) and creat(2) accepts. There is no such thing as pathname encoding translation. @@ -15,9 +15,9 @@ bytes. Although we encourage that the commit log messages are encoded -in UTF-8, both the core and git Porcelain are designed not to +in UTF-8, both the core and Git Porcelain are designed not to force UTF-8 on projects. If all participants of a particular -project find it more convenient to use legacy encodings, git +project find it more convenient to use legacy encodings, Git does not forbid it. However, there are a few things to keep in mind.
diff --git a/merge-config.txt b/merge-config.txt index 9bb4956..897329b 100644 --- a/merge-config.txt +++ b/merge-config.txt
@@ -17,10 +17,10 @@ these tracking branches are merged. merge.ff:: - By default, git does not create an extra merge commit when merging + By default, Git does not create an extra merge commit when merging a commit that is a descendant of the current commit. Instead, the tip of the current branch is fast-forwarded. When set to `false`, - this variable tells git to create an extra merge commit in such + this variable tells Git to create an extra merge commit in such a case (equivalent to giving the `--no-ff` option from the command line). When set to `only`, only such fast-forward merges are allowed (equivalent to giving the `--ff-only` option from the @@ -38,10 +38,10 @@ diff.renameLimit. merge.renormalize:: - Tell git that canonical representation of files in the + Tell Git that canonical representation of files in the repository has changed over time (e.g. earlier commits record text files with CRLF line endings, but recent ones use LF line - endings). In such a repository, git can convert the data + endings). In such a repository, Git can convert the data recorded in commits to a canonical form before performing a merge to reduce unnecessary conflicts. For more information, see section "Merging branches with differing checkin/checkout
diff --git a/rev-list-options.txt b/rev-list-options.txt index 1ec14a0..3bdbf5e 100644 --- a/rev-list-options.txt +++ b/rev-list-options.txt
@@ -649,7 +649,7 @@ Object Traversal ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -These options are mostly targeted for packing of git repositories. +These options are mostly targeted for packing of Git repositories. --objects:: @@ -717,7 +717,7 @@ + `--date=short` shows only date but not time, in `YYYY-MM-DD` format. + -`--date=raw` shows the date in the internal raw git format `%s %z` format. +`--date=raw` shows the date in the internal raw Git format `%s %z` format. + `--date=default` shows timestamps in the original timezone (either committer's or author's).
diff --git a/revisions.txt b/revisions.txt index 991fcd8..678d175 100644 --- a/revisions.txt +++ b/revisions.txt
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ A symbolic ref name. E.g. 'master' typically means the commit object referenced by 'refs/heads/master'. If you happen to have both 'heads/master' and 'tags/master', you can - explicitly say 'heads/master' to tell git which one you mean. + explicitly say 'heads/master' to tell Git which one you mean. When ambiguous, a '<refname>' is disambiguated by taking the first match in the following rules:
diff --git a/technical/api-builtin.html b/technical/api-builtin.html index f0e598c..9bfb6b3 100644 --- a/technical/api-builtin.html +++ b/technical/api-builtin.html
@@ -738,7 +738,7 @@ <h2 id="_adding_a_new_built_in">Adding a new built-in</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"><p>There are 4 things to do to add a built-in command implementation to -git:</p></div> +Git:</p></div> <div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic"> <li> <p> @@ -771,7 +771,7 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - Make sure there is a git directory to work on, and if there is a + Make sure there is a Git directory to work on, and if there is a work tree, chdir to the top of it if the command was invoked in a subdirectory. If there is no work tree, no chdir() is done. @@ -849,7 +849,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2011-11-15 13:45:02 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/technical/api-builtin.txt b/technical/api-builtin.txt index b0cafe8..4a4228b 100644 --- a/technical/api-builtin.txt +++ b/technical/api-builtin.txt
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ --------------------- There are 4 things to do to add a built-in command implementation to -git: +Git: . Define the implementation of the built-in command `foo` with signature: @@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ `RUN_SETUP`:: - Make sure there is a git directory to work on, and if there is a + Make sure there is a Git directory to work on, and if there is a work tree, chdir to the top of it if the command was invoked in a subdirectory. If there is no work tree, no chdir() is done.
diff --git a/technical/api-config.html b/technical/api-config.html index 25a27fd..3834067 100644 --- a/technical/api-config.html +++ b/technical/api-config.html
@@ -736,7 +736,7 @@ <div id="content"> <div id="preamble"> <div class="sectionbody"> -<div class="paragraph"><p>The config API gives callers a way to access git configuration files +<div class="paragraph"><p>The config API gives callers a way to access Git configuration files (and files which have the same syntax). See <a href="../git-config.html">git-config(1)</a> for a discussion of the config file syntax.</p></div> </div> @@ -748,7 +748,7 @@ caller-provided callback function. The callback function is responsible for any actions to be taken on the config option, and is free to ignore some options. It is not uncommon for the configuration to be parsed -several times during the run of a git program, with different callbacks +several times during the run of a Git program, with different callbacks picking out different variables useful to themselves.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>A config callback function takes three parameters:</p></div> <div class="ulist"><ul> @@ -782,7 +782,7 @@ <h2 id="_basic_config_querying">Basic Config Querying</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"><p>Most programs will simply want to look up variables in all config files -that git knows about, using the normal precedence rules. To do this, +that Git knows about, using the normal precedence rules. To do this, call <code>git_config</code> with a callback function and void data pointer.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p><code>git_config</code> will read all config sources in order of increasing priority. Thus a callback should typically overwrite previously-seen @@ -793,7 +793,7 @@ value is left at the end).</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>The <code>git_config_with_options</code> function lets the caller examine config while adjusting some of the default behavior of <code>git_config</code>. It should -almost never be used by "regular" git code that is looking up +almost never be used by "regular" Git code that is looking up configuration variables. It is intended for advanced callers like <code>git-config</code>, which are intentionally tweaking the normal config-lookup process. It takes two extra parameters:</p></div> @@ -821,7 +821,7 @@ <div class="paragraph"><p>There is a special version of <code>git_config</code> called <code>git_config_early</code>. This version takes an additional parameter to specify the repository config, instead of having it looked up via <code>git_path</code>. This is useful -early in a git program before the repository has been found. Unless +early in a Git program before the repository has been found. Unless you’re working with early setup code, you probably don’t want to use this.</p></div> </div> @@ -939,7 +939,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2012-06-08 11:37:18 PDT +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/technical/api-config.txt b/technical/api-config.txt index edf8dfb..230b3a0 100644 --- a/technical/api-config.txt +++ b/technical/api-config.txt
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ config API ========== -The config API gives callers a way to access git configuration files +The config API gives callers a way to access Git configuration files (and files which have the same syntax). See linkgit:git-config[1] for a discussion of the config file syntax. @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ caller-provided callback function. The callback function is responsible for any actions to be taken on the config option, and is free to ignore some options. It is not uncommon for the configuration to be parsed -several times during the run of a git program, with different callbacks +several times during the run of a Git program, with different callbacks picking out different variables useful to themselves. A config callback function takes three parameters: @@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ --------------------- Most programs will simply want to look up variables in all config files -that git knows about, using the normal precedence rules. To do this, +that Git knows about, using the normal precedence rules. To do this, call `git_config` with a callback function and void data pointer. `git_config` will read all config sources in order of increasing @@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ The `git_config_with_options` function lets the caller examine config while adjusting some of the default behavior of `git_config`. It should -almost never be used by "regular" git code that is looking up +almost never be used by "regular" Git code that is looking up configuration variables. It is intended for advanced callers like `git-config`, which are intentionally tweaking the normal config-lookup process. It takes two extra parameters: @@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ There is a special version of `git_config` called `git_config_early`. This version takes an additional parameter to specify the repository config, instead of having it looked up via `git_path`. This is useful -early in a git program before the repository has been found. Unless +early in a Git program before the repository has been found. Unless you're working with early setup code, you probably don't want to use this.
diff --git a/technical/api-credentials.html b/technical/api-credentials.html index bce8089..29484ee 100644 --- a/technical/api-credentials.html +++ b/technical/api-credentials.html
@@ -741,9 +741,9 @@ world can take many forms, in this document the word "credential" always refers to a username and password pair).</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>This document describes two interfaces: the C API that the credential -subsystem provides to the rest of git, and the protocol that git uses to +subsystem provides to the rest of Git, and the protocol that Git uses to communicate with system-specific "credential helpers". If you are -writing git code that wants to look up or prompt for credentials, see +writing Git code that wants to look up or prompt for credentials, see the section "C API" below. If you want to write your own helper, see the section on "Credential Helpers" below.</p></div> </div> @@ -754,7 +754,7 @@ <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>+-----------------------+ -| git code (C) |--- to server requiring ---> +| Git code (C) |--- to server requiring ---> | | authentication |.......................| | C credential API |--- prompt ---> User @@ -763,10 +763,10 @@ | pipe | | v +-----------------------+ -| git credential helper | +| Git credential helper | +-----------------------+</code></pre> </div></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>The git code (typically a remote-helper) will call the C API to obtain +<div class="paragraph"><p>The Git code (typically a remote-helper) will call the C API to obtain credential data like a login/password pair (credential_fill). The API will itself call a remote helper (e.g. "git credential-cache" or "git credential-store") that may retrieve credential data from a @@ -778,7 +778,7 @@ <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_c_api">C API</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> -<div class="paragraph"><p>The credential C API is meant to be called by git code which needs to +<div class="paragraph"><p>The credential C API is meant to be called by Git code which needs to acquire or store a credential. It is centered around an object representing a single credential and provides three basic operations: fill (acquire credentials by calling helpers and/or prompting the user), @@ -941,13 +941,13 @@ <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_credential_helpers">Credential Helpers</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> -<div class="paragraph"><p>Credential helpers are programs executed by git to fetch or save +<div class="paragraph"><p>Credential helpers are programs executed by Git to fetch or save credentials from and to long-term storage (where "long-term" is simply -longer than a single git process; e.g., credentials may be stored +longer than a single Git process; e.g., credentials may be stored in-memory for a few minutes, or indefinitely on disk).</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>Each helper is specified by a single string in the configuration variable <code>credential.helper</code> (and others, see <a href="../git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>). -The string is transformed by git into a command to be executed using +The string is transformed by Git into a command to be executed using these rules:</p></div> <div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic"> <li> @@ -1030,7 +1030,7 @@ <div class="paragraph"><p>For a <code>get</code> operation, the helper should produce a list of attributes on stdout in the same format. A helper is free to produce a subset, or even no values at all if it has nothing useful to provide. Any provided -attributes will overwrite those already known about by git.</p></div> +attributes will overwrite those already known about by Git.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>For a <code>store</code> or <code>erase</code> operation, the helper’s output is ignored. If it fails to perform the requested operation, it may complain to stderr to inform the user. If it does not support the requested @@ -1052,7 +1052,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2012-07-09 13:33:29 PDT +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/technical/api-credentials.txt b/technical/api-credentials.txt index 5977b58..516fda7 100644 --- a/technical/api-credentials.txt +++ b/technical/api-credentials.txt
@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@ refers to a username and password pair). This document describes two interfaces: the C API that the credential -subsystem provides to the rest of git, and the protocol that git uses to +subsystem provides to the rest of Git, and the protocol that Git uses to communicate with system-specific "credential helpers". If you are -writing git code that wants to look up or prompt for credentials, see +writing Git code that wants to look up or prompt for credentials, see the section "C API" below. If you want to write your own helper, see the section on "Credential Helpers" below. @@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ ------------ +-----------------------+ -| git code (C) |--- to server requiring ---> +| Git code (C) |--- to server requiring ---> | | authentication |.......................| | C credential API |--- prompt ---> User @@ -27,11 +27,11 @@ | pipe | | v +-----------------------+ -| git credential helper | +| Git credential helper | +-----------------------+ ------------ -The git code (typically a remote-helper) will call the C API to obtain +The Git code (typically a remote-helper) will call the C API to obtain credential data like a login/password pair (credential_fill). The API will itself call a remote helper (e.g. "git credential-cache" or "git credential-store") that may retrieve credential data from a @@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ C API ----- -The credential C API is meant to be called by git code which needs to +The credential C API is meant to be called by Git code which needs to acquire or store a credential. It is centered around an object representing a single credential and provides three basic operations: fill (acquire credentials by calling helpers and/or prompting the user), @@ -177,14 +177,14 @@ Credential Helpers ------------------ -Credential helpers are programs executed by git to fetch or save +Credential helpers are programs executed by Git to fetch or save credentials from and to long-term storage (where "long-term" is simply -longer than a single git process; e.g., credentials may be stored +longer than a single Git process; e.g., credentials may be stored in-memory for a few minutes, or indefinitely on disk). Each helper is specified by a single string in the configuration variable `credential.helper` (and others, see linkgit:git-config[1]). -The string is transformed by git into a command to be executed using +The string is transformed by Git into a command to be executed using these rules: 1. If the helper string begins with "!", it is considered a shell @@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ For a `get` operation, the helper should produce a list of attributes on stdout in the same format. A helper is free to produce a subset, or even no values at all if it has nothing useful to provide. Any provided -attributes will overwrite those already known about by git. +attributes will overwrite those already known about by Git. For a `store` or `erase` operation, the helper's output is ignored. If it fails to perform the requested operation, it may complain to
diff --git a/technical/api-directory-listing.html b/technical/api-directory-listing.html index e865b16..e9b652f 100644 --- a/technical/api-directory-listing.html +++ b/technical/api-directory-listing.html
@@ -797,7 +797,7 @@ </dt> <dd> <p> - If set, recurse into a directory that looks like a git + If set, recurse into a directory that looks like a Git directory. Otherwise it is shown as a directory. </p> </dd> @@ -888,7 +888,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2013-01-25 13:32:06 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/technical/api-directory-listing.txt b/technical/api-directory-listing.txt index 9d3e352..1f349b2 100644 --- a/technical/api-directory-listing.txt +++ b/technical/api-directory-listing.txt
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ `DIR_NO_GITLINKS`::: - If set, recurse into a directory that looks like a git + If set, recurse into a directory that looks like a Git directory. Otherwise it is shown as a directory. The result of the enumeration is left in these fields:
diff --git a/technical/api-index-skel.txt b/technical/api-index-skel.txt index 730cfac..eda8c19 100644 --- a/technical/api-index-skel.txt +++ b/technical/api-index-skel.txt
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -GIT API Documents +Git API Documents ================= -GIT has grown a set of internal API over time. This collection +Git has grown a set of internal API over time. This collection documents them. ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
diff --git a/technical/api-index.html b/technical/api-index.html index 9fdd5f1..533d6c0 100644 --- a/technical/api-index.html +++ b/technical/api-index.html
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="application/xhtml+xml; charset=UTF-8" /> <meta name="generator" content="AsciiDoc 8.6.8" /> -<title>GIT API Documents</title> +<title>Git API Documents</title> <style type="text/css"> /* Shared CSS for AsciiDoc xhtml11 and html5 backends */ @@ -731,12 +731,12 @@ </head> <body class="article"> <div id="header"> -<h1>GIT API Documents</h1> +<h1>Git API Documents</h1> </div> <div id="content"> <div id="preamble"> <div class="sectionbody"> -<div class="paragraph"><p>GIT has grown a set of internal API over time. This collection +<div class="paragraph"><p>Git has grown a set of internal API over time. This collection documents them.</p></div> <div class="ulist"><ul> <li> @@ -891,7 +891,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2012-12-31 16:06:52 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:09:08 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/technical/api-index.txt b/technical/api-index.txt index 79a91fc..1a824f6 100644 --- a/technical/api-index.txt +++ b/technical/api-index.txt
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -GIT API Documents +Git API Documents ================= -GIT has grown a set of internal API over time. This collection +Git has grown a set of internal API over time. This collection documents them. ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
diff --git a/technical/api-parse-options.html b/technical/api-parse-options.html index 48b2a7f..c2c074e 100644 --- a/technical/api-parse-options.html +++ b/technical/api-parse-options.html
@@ -736,7 +736,7 @@ <div id="content"> <div id="preamble"> <div class="sectionbody"> -<div class="paragraph"><p>The parse-options API is used to parse and massage options in git +<div class="paragraph"><p>The parse-options API is used to parse and massage options in Git and to provide a usage help with consistent look.</p></div> </div> </div> @@ -1231,7 +1231,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2012-05-02 15:00:44 PDT +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/technical/api-parse-options.txt b/technical/api-parse-options.txt index 3062389..32ddc1c 100644 --- a/technical/api-parse-options.txt +++ b/technical/api-parse-options.txt
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ parse-options API ================= -The parse-options API is used to parse and massage options in git +The parse-options API is used to parse and massage options in Git and to provide a usage help with consistent look. Basics
diff --git a/technical/api-remote.html b/technical/api-remote.html index cf3532a..2ea053d 100644 --- a/technical/api-remote.html +++ b/technical/api-remote.html
@@ -738,7 +738,7 @@ <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"><p>The API in remote.h gives access to the configuration related to remotes. It handles all three configuration mechanisms historically -and currently used by git, and presents the information in a uniform +and currently used by Git, and presents the information in a uniform fashion. Note that the code also handles plain URLs without any configuration, giving them just the default information.</p></div> </div> @@ -809,7 +809,7 @@ <dd> <p> The configured helper programs to run on the remote side, for - git-native protocols. + Git-native protocols. </p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"> @@ -927,7 +927,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2011-11-15 13:45:02 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/technical/api-remote.txt b/technical/api-remote.txt index c54b17d..4be8776 100644 --- a/technical/api-remote.txt +++ b/technical/api-remote.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ The API in remote.h gives access to the configuration related to remotes. It handles all three configuration mechanisms historically -and currently used by git, and presents the information in a uniform +and currently used by Git, and presents the information in a uniform fashion. Note that the code also handles plain URLs without any configuration, giving them just the default information. @@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ `receivepack`, `uploadpack`:: The configured helper programs to run on the remote side, for - git-native protocols. + Git-native protocols. `http_proxy`::
diff --git a/technical/index-format.html b/technical/index-format.html index 02168e2..3b79dcb 100644 --- a/technical/index-format.html +++ b/technical/index-format.html
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="application/xhtml+xml; charset=UTF-8" /> <meta name="generator" content="AsciiDoc 8.6.8" /> -<title>GIT index format</title> +<title>Git index format</title> <style type="text/css"> /* Shared CSS for AsciiDoc xhtml11 and html5 backends */ @@ -731,11 +731,11 @@ </head> <body class="article"> <div id="header"> -<h1>GIT index format</h1> +<h1>Git index format</h1> </div> <div id="content"> <div class="sect1"> -<h2 id="_the_git_index_file_has_the_following_format">The git index file has the following format</h2> +<h2 id="_the_git_index_file_has_the_following_format">The Git index file has the following format</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> @@ -774,11 +774,11 @@ <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>Extensions are identified by signature. Optional extensions can -be ignored if GIT does not understand them.</code></pre> +be ignored if Git does not understand them.</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> -<pre><code>GIT currently supports cached tree and resolve undo extensions.</code></pre> +<pre><code>Git currently supports cached tree and resolve undo extensions.</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> @@ -1089,7 +1089,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2012-12-21 15:43:34 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/technical/index-format.txt b/technical/index-format.txt index 7324154..27c716b 100644 --- a/technical/index-format.txt +++ b/technical/index-format.txt
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -GIT index format +Git index format ================ -== The git index file has the following format +== The Git index file has the following format All binary numbers are in network byte order. Version 2 is described here unless stated otherwise. @@ -21,9 +21,9 @@ - Extensions Extensions are identified by signature. Optional extensions can - be ignored if GIT does not understand them. + be ignored if Git does not understand them. - GIT currently supports cached tree and resolve undo extensions. + Git currently supports cached tree and resolve undo extensions. 4-byte extension signature. If the first byte is 'A'..'Z' the extension is optional and can be ignored.
diff --git a/technical/pack-format.html b/technical/pack-format.html index 69bddd8..e81cfd2 100644 --- a/technical/pack-format.html +++ b/technical/pack-format.html
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="application/xhtml+xml; charset=UTF-8" /> <meta name="generator" content="AsciiDoc 8.6.8" /> -<title>GIT pack format</title> +<title>Git pack format</title> <style type="text/css"> /* Shared CSS for AsciiDoc xhtml11 and html5 backends */ @@ -731,7 +731,7 @@ </head> <body class="article"> <div id="header"> -<h1>GIT pack format</h1> +<h1>Git pack format</h1> </div> <div id="content"> <div class="sect1"> @@ -750,7 +750,7 @@ <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>4-byte version number (network byte order): - GIT currently accepts version number 2 or 3 but + Git currently accepts version number 2 or 3 but generates version 2 only.</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> @@ -985,7 +985,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2012-11-20 13:06:02 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/technical/pack-format.txt b/technical/pack-format.txt index a7871fb..0e37ec9 100644 --- a/technical/pack-format.txt +++ b/technical/pack-format.txt
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -GIT pack format +Git pack format =============== == pack-*.pack files have the following format: @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ The signature is: {'P', 'A', 'C', 'K'} 4-byte version number (network byte order): - GIT currently accepts version number 2 or 3 but + Git currently accepts version number 2 or 3 but generates version 2 only. 4-byte number of objects contained in the pack (network byte order) diff --git a/technical/pack-heuristics.html b/technical/pack-heuristics.html index 979e835..c2891e5 100644 --- a/technical/pack-heuristics.html +++ b/technical/pack-heuristics.html
@@ -746,10 +746,10 @@ <div class="content"> <pre><code> Where do I go to learn the details -of git's packing heuristics?</code></pre> +of Git's packing heuristics?</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>Be careful what you ask!</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>Followers of the git, please open the git IRC Log and turn to +<div class="paragraph"><p>Followers of the Git, please open the Git IRC Log and turn to February 10, 2006.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>It’s a rare occasion, and we are joined by the King Git Himself, Linus Torvalds (linus). Nathaniel Smith, (njs`), has the floor @@ -758,7 +758,7 @@ <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code><njs`> Oh, here's a really stupid question -- where do I go to - learn the details of git's packing heuristics? google avails + learn the details of Git's packing heuristics? google avails me not, reading the source didn't help a lot, and wading through the whole mailing list seems less efficient than any of that.</code></pre> @@ -778,7 +778,7 @@ <div class="content"> <pre><code><linus> njs, I don't think the docs exist. That's something where I don't think anybody else than me even really got involved. - Most of the rest of git others have been busy with (especially + Most of the rest of Git others have been busy with (especially Junio), but packing nobody touched after I did it.</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>It’s cryptic, yet vague. Linus in style for sure. Wise men @@ -802,7 +802,7 @@ <div class="paragraph"><p>And switch. That ought to do it!</p></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> -<pre><code><linus> Remember: git really doesn't follow files. So what it does is +<pre><code><linus> Remember: Git really doesn't follow files. So what it does is - generate a list of all objects - sort the list according to magic heuristics - walk the list, using a sliding window, seeing if an object @@ -1224,7 +1224,7 @@ <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code><linus> Anyway, the pack-file could easily be denser still, but - because it's used both for streaming (the git protocol) and + because it's used both for streaming (the Git protocol) and for on-disk, it has a few pessimizations.</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>Actually, it is a made-up word. But it is a made-up word being @@ -1294,14 +1294,14 @@ design options, etc.</p></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> -<pre><code><linus> More importantly, they allow git to still _conceptually_ +<pre><code><linus> More importantly, they allow Git to still _conceptually_ never deal with deltas at all, and be a "whole object" store.</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code>Which has some problems (we discussed bad huge-file -behaviour on the git lists the other day), but it does mean -that the basic git concepts are really really simple and +behaviour on the Git lists the other day), but it does mean +that the basic Git concepts are really really simple and straightforward.</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> @@ -1338,14 +1338,14 @@ <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><code><njs`> appreciate the infodump, I really was failing to find the - details on git packs :-)</code></pre> + details on Git packs :-)</code></pre> </div></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>And now you know the rest of the story.</p></div> </div> <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2011-11-15 13:45:02 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/technical/pack-heuristics.txt b/technical/pack-heuristics.txt index 103eb5d..dbdf7ba 100644 --- a/technical/pack-heuristics.txt +++ b/technical/pack-heuristics.txt
@@ -5,11 +5,11 @@ Where do I go to learn the details - of git's packing heuristics? + of Git's packing heuristics? Be careful what you ask! -Followers of the git, please open the git IRC Log and turn to +Followers of the Git, please open the Git IRC Log and turn to February 10, 2006. It's a rare occasion, and we are joined by the King Git Himself, @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ Let's listen in! <njs`> Oh, here's a really stupid question -- where do I go to - learn the details of git's packing heuristics? google avails + learn the details of Git's packing heuristics? google avails me not, reading the source didn't help a lot, and wading through the whole mailing list seems less efficient than any of that. @@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ <linus> njs, I don't think the docs exist. That's something where I don't think anybody else than me even really got involved. - Most of the rest of git others have been busy with (especially + Most of the rest of Git others have been busy with (especially Junio), but packing nobody touched after I did it. It's cryptic, yet vague. Linus in style for sure. Wise men @@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ And switch. That ought to do it! - <linus> Remember: git really doesn't follow files. So what it does is + <linus> Remember: Git really doesn't follow files. So what it does is - generate a list of all objects - sort the list according to magic heuristics - walk the list, using a sliding window, seeing if an object @@ -382,7 +382,7 @@ <njs`> (if only it happened more...) <linus> Anyway, the pack-file could easily be denser still, but - because it's used both for streaming (the git protocol) and + because it's used both for streaming (the Git protocol) and for on-disk, it has a few pessimizations. Actually, it is a made-up word. But it is a made-up word being @@ -432,12 +432,12 @@ In fact, Linus reflects on some Basic Engineering Fundamentals, design options, etc. - <linus> More importantly, they allow git to still _conceptually_ + <linus> More importantly, they allow Git to still _conceptually_ never deal with deltas at all, and be a "whole object" store. Which has some problems (we discussed bad huge-file - behaviour on the git lists the other day), but it does mean - that the basic git concepts are really really simple and + behaviour on the Git lists the other day), but it does mean + that the basic Git concepts are really really simple and straightforward. It's all been quite stable. @@ -461,6 +461,6 @@ <njs`> :-) <njs`> appreciate the infodump, I really was failing to find the - details on git packs :-) + details on Git packs :-) And now you know the rest of the story.
diff --git a/technical/racy-git.html b/technical/racy-git.html index bf6362d..dd34594 100644 --- a/technical/racy-git.html +++ b/technical/racy-git.html
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="application/xhtml+xml; charset=UTF-8" /> <meta name="generator" content="AsciiDoc 8.6.8" /> -<title>Use of index and Racy git problem</title> +<title>Use of index and Racy Git problem</title> <style type="text/css"> /* Shared CSS for AsciiDoc xhtml11 and html5 backends */ @@ -731,23 +731,23 @@ </head> <body class="article"> <div id="header"> -<h1>Use of index and Racy git problem</h1> +<h1>Use of index and Racy Git problem</h1> </div> <div id="content"> <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_background">Background</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> -<div class="paragraph"><p>The index is one of the most important data structures in git. +<div class="paragraph"><p>The index is one of the most important data structures in Git. It represents a virtual working tree state by recording list of paths and their object names and serves as a staging area to write out the next tree object to be committed. The state is "virtual" in the sense that it does not necessarily have to, and often does not, match the files in the working tree.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>There are cases git needs to examine the differences between the +<div class="paragraph"><p>There are cases Git needs to examine the differences between the virtual working tree state in the index and the files in the working tree. The most obvious case is when the user asks <code>git diff</code> (or its low level implementation, <code>git diff-files</code>) or -<code>git-ls-files --modified</code>. In addition, git internally checks +<code>git-ls-files --modified</code>. In addition, Git internally checks if the files in the working tree are different from what are recorded in the index to avoid stomping on local changes in them during patch application, switching branches, and merging.</p></div> @@ -755,15 +755,15 @@ working tree and the index entries, the index entries record the information obtained from the filesystem via <code>lstat(2)</code> system call when they were last updated. When checking if they differ, -git first runs <code>lstat(2)</code> on the files and compares the result +Git first runs <code>lstat(2)</code> on the files and compares the result with this information (this is what was originally done by the <code>ce_match_stat()</code> function, but the current code does it in <code>ce_match_stat_basic()</code> function). If some of these "cached -stat information" fields do not match, git can tell that the +stat information" fields do not match, Git can tell that the files are modified without even looking at their contents.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>Note: not all members in <code>struct stat</code> obtained via <code>lstat(2)</code> are used for this comparison. For example, <code>st_atime</code> obviously -is not useful. Currently, git compares the file type (regular +is not useful. Currently, Git compares the file type (regular files vs symbolic links) and executable bits (only for regular files) from <code>st_mode</code> member, <code>st_mtime</code> and <code>st_ctime</code> timestamps, <code>st_uid</code>, <code>st_gid</code>, <code>st_ino</code>, and <code>st_size</code> members. @@ -781,7 +781,7 @@ </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> -<h2 id="_racy_git">Racy git</h2> +<h2 id="_racy_git">Racy Git</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"><p>There is one slight problem with the optimization based on the cached stat information. Consider this sequence:</p></div> @@ -799,12 +799,12 @@ information the index entry records still exactly match what you would see in the filesystem, even though the file <code>foo</code> is now different. -This way, git can incorrectly think files in the working tree +This way, Git can incorrectly think files in the working tree are unmodified even though they actually are. This is called -the "racy git" problem (discovered by Pasky), and the entries +the "racy Git" problem (discovered by Pasky), and the entries that appear clean when they may not be because of this problem are called "racily clean".</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>To avoid this problem, git does two things:</p></div> +<div class="paragraph"><p>To avoid this problem, Git does two things:</p></div> <div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic"> <li> <p> @@ -853,7 +853,7 @@ The latter makes sure that the cached stat information for <code>foo</code> would never match with the file in the working tree, so later checks by <code>ce_match_stat_basic()</code> would report that the index entry -does not match the file and git does not have to fall back on more +does not match the file and Git does not have to fall back on more expensive <code>ce_modified_check_fs()</code>.</p></div> </div> </div> @@ -898,7 +898,7 @@ <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_avoiding_runtime_penalty">Avoiding runtime penalty</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> -<div class="paragraph"><p>In order to avoid the above runtime penalty, post 1.4.2 git used +<div class="paragraph"><p>In order to avoid the above runtime penalty, post 1.4.2 Git used to have a code that made sure the index file got timestamp newer than the youngest files in the index when there are many young files with the same timestamp as the @@ -944,7 +944,7 @@ <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> -Last updated 2011-11-15 13:45:02 PST +Last updated 2013-02-05 21:07:26 PST </div> </div> </body>
diff --git a/technical/racy-git.txt b/technical/racy-git.txt index 53aa0c8..6dc82ca 100644 --- a/technical/racy-git.txt +++ b/technical/racy-git.txt
@@ -1,21 +1,21 @@ -Use of index and Racy git problem +Use of index and Racy Git problem ================================= Background ---------- -The index is one of the most important data structures in git. +The index is one of the most important data structures in Git. It represents a virtual working tree state by recording list of paths and their object names and serves as a staging area to write out the next tree object to be committed. The state is "virtual" in the sense that it does not necessarily have to, and often does not, match the files in the working tree. -There are cases git needs to examine the differences between the +There are cases Git needs to examine the differences between the virtual working tree state in the index and the files in the working tree. The most obvious case is when the user asks `git diff` (or its low level implementation, `git diff-files`) or -`git-ls-files --modified`. In addition, git internally checks +`git-ls-files --modified`. In addition, Git internally checks if the files in the working tree are different from what are recorded in the index to avoid stomping on local changes in them during patch application, switching branches, and merging. @@ -24,16 +24,16 @@ working tree and the index entries, the index entries record the information obtained from the filesystem via `lstat(2)` system call when they were last updated. When checking if they differ, -git first runs `lstat(2)` on the files and compares the result +Git first runs `lstat(2)` on the files and compares the result with this information (this is what was originally done by the `ce_match_stat()` function, but the current code does it in `ce_match_stat_basic()` function). If some of these "cached -stat information" fields do not match, git can tell that the +stat information" fields do not match, Git can tell that the files are modified without even looking at their contents. Note: not all members in `struct stat` obtained via `lstat(2)` are used for this comparison. For example, `st_atime` obviously -is not useful. Currently, git compares the file type (regular +is not useful. Currently, Git compares the file type (regular files vs symbolic links) and executable bits (only for regular files) from `st_mode` member, `st_mtime` and `st_ctime` timestamps, `st_uid`, `st_gid`, `st_ino`, and `st_size` members. @@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ ([PATCH] Sync in core time granuality with filesystems, 2005-01-04). -Racy git +Racy Git -------- There is one slight problem with the optimization based on the @@ -67,13 +67,13 @@ information the index entry records still exactly match what you would see in the filesystem, even though the file `foo` is now different. -This way, git can incorrectly think files in the working tree +This way, Git can incorrectly think files in the working tree are unmodified even though they actually are. This is called -the "racy git" problem (discovered by Pasky), and the entries +the "racy Git" problem (discovered by Pasky), and the entries that appear clean when they may not be because of this problem are called "racily clean". -To avoid this problem, git does two things: +To avoid this problem, Git does two things: . When the cached stat information says the file has not been modified, and the `st_mtime` is the same as (or newer than) @@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ The latter makes sure that the cached stat information for `foo` would never match with the file in the working tree, so later checks by `ce_match_stat_basic()` would report that the index entry -does not match the file and git does not have to fall back on more +does not match the file and Git does not have to fall back on more expensive `ce_modified_check_fs()`. @@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ Avoiding runtime penalty ------------------------ -In order to avoid the above runtime penalty, post 1.4.2 git used +In order to avoid the above runtime penalty, post 1.4.2 Git used to have a code that made sure the index file got timestamp newer than the youngest files in the index when there are many young files with the same timestamp as the
diff --git a/urls-remotes.txt b/urls-remotes.txt index 00f7e79..282758e 100644 --- a/urls-remotes.txt +++ b/urls-remotes.txt
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ The name of one of the following can be used instead of a URL as `<repository>` argument: -* a remote in the git configuration file: `$GIT_DIR/config`, +* a remote in the Git configuration file: `$GIT_DIR/config`, * a file in the `$GIT_DIR/remotes` directory, or * a file in the `$GIT_DIR/branches` directory.
diff --git a/urls.txt b/urls.txt index 1d15ee7..539c0a0 100644 --- a/urls.txt +++ b/urls.txt
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ - git://host.xz{startsb}:port{endsb}/~{startsb}user{endsb}/path/to/repo.git/ - {startsb}user@{endsb}host.xz:/~{startsb}user{endsb}/path/to/repo.git/ -For local repositories, also supported by git natively, the following +For local repositories, also supported by Git natively, the following syntaxes may be used: - /path/to/repo.git/ @@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ --local option. endif::git-clone[] -When git doesn't know how to handle a certain transport protocol, it +When Git doesn't know how to handle a certain transport protocol, it attempts to use the 'remote-<transport>' remote helper, if one exists. To explicitly request a remote helper, the following syntax may be used: diff --git a/user-manual.html b/user-manual.html index 2a0e34c..86c307f 100644 --- a/user-manual.html +++ b/user-manual.html
@@ -1,18 +1,18 @@ <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> -<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><title></title><link rel="stylesheet" href="docbook-xsl.css" type="text/css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.75.2"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div lang="en" class="book"><div class="titlepage"><hr></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl><dt><span class="part"><a href="#_git_user_8217_s_manual_for_version_1_5_3_or_newer">I. Git User’s Manual (for version 1.5.3 or newer)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#repositories-and-branches">1. Repositories and Branches</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-get-a-git-repository">How to get a git repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-check-out">How to check out a different version of a project</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#understanding-commits">Understanding History: Commits</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#understanding-reachability">Understanding history: commits, parents, and reachability</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#history-diagrams">Understanding history: History diagrams</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#what-is-a-branch">Understanding history: What is a branch?</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#manipulating-branches">Manipulating branches</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#detached-head">Examining an old version without creating a new branch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#examining-remote-branches">Examining branches from a remote repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-git-stores-references">Naming branches, tags, and other references</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#Updating-a-repository-With-git-fetch">Updating a repository with git fetch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fetching-branches">Fetching branches from other repositories</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#exploring-git-history">2. Exploring git history</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#using-bisect">How to use bisect to find a regression</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#naming-commits">Naming commits</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#creating-tags">Creating tags</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#browsing-revisions">Browsing revisions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#generating-diffs">Generating diffs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#viewing-old-file-versions">Viewing old file versions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#history-examples">Examples</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#counting-commits-on-a-branch">Counting the number of commits on a branch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#checking-for-equal-branches">Check whether two branches point at the same history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#finding-tagged-descendants">Find first tagged version including a given fix</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#showing-commits-unique-to-a-branch">Showing commits unique to a given branch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#making-a-release">Creating a changelog and tarball for a software release</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#Finding-commits-With-given-Content">Finding commits referencing a file with given content</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#Developing-With-git">3. Developing with git</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#telling-git-your-name">Telling git your name</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#creating-a-new-repository">Creating a new repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-make-a-commit">How to make a commit</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#creating-good-commit-messages">Creating good commit messages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ignoring-files">Ignoring files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-merge">How to merge</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#resolving-a-merge">Resolving a merge</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#conflict-resolution">Getting conflict-resolution help during a merge</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#undoing-a-merge">Undoing a merge</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fast-forwards">Fast-forward merges</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fixing-mistakes">Fixing mistakes</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#reverting-a-commit">Fixing a mistake with a new commit</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fixing-a-mistake-by-rewriting-history">Fixing a mistake by rewriting history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#checkout-of-path">Checking out an old version of a file</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#interrupted-work">Temporarily setting aside work in progress</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ensuring-good-performance">Ensuring good performance</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ensuring-reliability">Ensuring reliability</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#checking-for-corruption">Checking the repository for corruption</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#recovering-lost-changes">Recovering lost changes</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#sharing-development">4. Sharing development with others</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#getting-updates-With-git-pull">Getting updates with git pull</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#submitting-patches">Submitting patches to a project</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#importing-patches">Importing patches to a project</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#public-repositories">Public git repositories</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#setting-up-a-public-repository">Setting up a public repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#exporting-via-git">Exporting a git repository via the git protocol</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#exporting-via-http">Exporting a git repository via http</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#pushing-changes-to-a-public-repository">Pushing changes to a public repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#forcing-push">What to do when a push fails</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#setting-up-a-shared-repository">Setting up a shared repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#setting-up-gitweb">Allowing web browsing of a repository</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sharing-development-examples">Examples</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#maintaining-topic-branches">Maintaining topic branches for a Linux subsystem maintainer</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#cleaning-up-history">5. Rewriting history and maintaining patch series</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#patch-series">Creating the perfect patch series</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#using-git-rebase">Keeping a patch series up to date using git rebase</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#rewriting-one-commit">Rewriting a single commit</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#reordering-patch-series">Reordering or selecting from a patch series</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#patch-series-tools">Other tools</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#problems-With-rewriting-history">Problems with rewriting history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#bisect-merges">Why bisecting merge commits can be harder than bisecting linear history</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#advanced-branch-management">6. Advanced branch management</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fetching-individual-branches">Fetching individual branches</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fetch-fast-forwards">git fetch and fast-forwards</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#forcing-fetch">Forcing git fetch to do non-fast-forward updates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#remote-branch-configuration">Configuring remote-tracking branches</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#git-concepts">7. Git concepts</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#the-object-database">The Object Database</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#commit-object">Commit Object</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#tree-object">Tree Object</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#blob-object">Blob Object</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#trust">Trust</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#tag-object">Tag Object</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#pack-files">How git stores objects efficiently: pack files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#dangling-objects">Dangling objects</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#recovering-from-repository-corruption">Recovering from repository corruption</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#the-index">The index</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#submodules">8. Submodules</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_pitfalls_with_submodules">Pitfalls with submodules</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#low-level-operations">9. Low-level git operations</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#object-manipulation">Object access and manipulation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#the-workflow">The Workflow</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#working-directory-to-index">working directory → index</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#index-to-object-database">index → object database</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#object-database-to-index">object database → index</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#index-to-working-directory">index → working directory</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#tying-it-all-together">Tying it all together</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#examining-the-data">Examining the data</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#merging-multiple-trees">Merging multiple trees</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#merging-multiple-trees-2">Merging multiple trees, continued</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#hacking-git">10. Hacking git</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#object-details">Object storage format</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#birdview-on-the-source-code">A birds-eye view of Git’s source code</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#glossary">11. Git Glossary</a></span></dt><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#git-quick-start">A. Git Quick Reference</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#quick-creating-a-new-repository">Creating a new repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#managing-branches">Managing branches</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#exploring-history">Exploring history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#making-changes">Making changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#merging">Merging</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sharing-your-changes">Sharing your changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#repository-maintenance">Repository maintenance</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#todo">B. Notes and todo list for this manual</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="part" title="Part I. Git User’s Manual (for version 1.5.3 or newer)"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a name="_git_user_8217_s_manual_for_version_1_5_3_or_newer"></a>Part I. Git User’s Manual (for version 1.5.3 or newer)</h1></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#repositories-and-branches">1. Repositories and Branches</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-get-a-git-repository">How to get a git repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-check-out">How to check out a different version of a project</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#understanding-commits">Understanding History: Commits</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#understanding-reachability">Understanding history: commits, parents, and reachability</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#history-diagrams">Understanding history: History diagrams</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#what-is-a-branch">Understanding history: What is a branch?</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#manipulating-branches">Manipulating branches</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#detached-head">Examining an old version without creating a new branch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#examining-remote-branches">Examining branches from a remote repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-git-stores-references">Naming branches, tags, and other references</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#Updating-a-repository-With-git-fetch">Updating a repository with git fetch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fetching-branches">Fetching branches from other repositories</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#exploring-git-history">2. Exploring git history</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#using-bisect">How to use bisect to find a regression</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#naming-commits">Naming commits</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#creating-tags">Creating tags</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#browsing-revisions">Browsing revisions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#generating-diffs">Generating diffs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#viewing-old-file-versions">Viewing old file versions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#history-examples">Examples</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#counting-commits-on-a-branch">Counting the number of commits on a branch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#checking-for-equal-branches">Check whether two branches point at the same history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#finding-tagged-descendants">Find first tagged version including a given fix</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#showing-commits-unique-to-a-branch">Showing commits unique to a given branch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#making-a-release">Creating a changelog and tarball for a software release</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#Finding-commits-With-given-Content">Finding commits referencing a file with given content</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#Developing-With-git">3. Developing with git</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#telling-git-your-name">Telling git your name</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#creating-a-new-repository">Creating a new repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-make-a-commit">How to make a commit</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#creating-good-commit-messages">Creating good commit messages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ignoring-files">Ignoring files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-merge">How to merge</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#resolving-a-merge">Resolving a merge</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#conflict-resolution">Getting conflict-resolution help during a merge</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#undoing-a-merge">Undoing a merge</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fast-forwards">Fast-forward merges</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fixing-mistakes">Fixing mistakes</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#reverting-a-commit">Fixing a mistake with a new commit</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fixing-a-mistake-by-rewriting-history">Fixing a mistake by rewriting history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#checkout-of-path">Checking out an old version of a file</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#interrupted-work">Temporarily setting aside work in progress</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ensuring-good-performance">Ensuring good performance</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ensuring-reliability">Ensuring reliability</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#checking-for-corruption">Checking the repository for corruption</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#recovering-lost-changes">Recovering lost changes</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#sharing-development">4. Sharing development with others</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#getting-updates-With-git-pull">Getting updates with git pull</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#submitting-patches">Submitting patches to a project</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#importing-patches">Importing patches to a project</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#public-repositories">Public git repositories</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#setting-up-a-public-repository">Setting up a public repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#exporting-via-git">Exporting a git repository via the git protocol</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#exporting-via-http">Exporting a git repository via http</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#pushing-changes-to-a-public-repository">Pushing changes to a public repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#forcing-push">What to do when a push fails</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#setting-up-a-shared-repository">Setting up a shared repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#setting-up-gitweb">Allowing web browsing of a repository</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sharing-development-examples">Examples</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#maintaining-topic-branches">Maintaining topic branches for a Linux subsystem maintainer</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#cleaning-up-history">5. Rewriting history and maintaining patch series</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#patch-series">Creating the perfect patch series</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#using-git-rebase">Keeping a patch series up to date using git rebase</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#rewriting-one-commit">Rewriting a single commit</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#reordering-patch-series">Reordering or selecting from a patch series</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#patch-series-tools">Other tools</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#problems-With-rewriting-history">Problems with rewriting history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#bisect-merges">Why bisecting merge commits can be harder than bisecting linear history</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#advanced-branch-management">6. Advanced branch management</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fetching-individual-branches">Fetching individual branches</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fetch-fast-forwards">git fetch and fast-forwards</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#forcing-fetch">Forcing git fetch to do non-fast-forward updates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#remote-branch-configuration">Configuring remote-tracking branches</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#git-concepts">7. Git concepts</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#the-object-database">The Object Database</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#commit-object">Commit Object</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#tree-object">Tree Object</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#blob-object">Blob Object</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#trust">Trust</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#tag-object">Tag Object</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#pack-files">How git stores objects efficiently: pack files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#dangling-objects">Dangling objects</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#recovering-from-repository-corruption">Recovering from repository corruption</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#the-index">The index</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#submodules">8. Submodules</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_pitfalls_with_submodules">Pitfalls with submodules</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#low-level-operations">9. Low-level git operations</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#object-manipulation">Object access and manipulation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#the-workflow">The Workflow</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#working-directory-to-index">working directory → index</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#index-to-object-database">index → object database</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#object-database-to-index">object database → index</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#index-to-working-directory">index → working directory</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#tying-it-all-together">Tying it all together</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#examining-the-data">Examining the data</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#merging-multiple-trees">Merging multiple trees</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#merging-multiple-trees-2">Merging multiple trees, continued</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#hacking-git">10. Hacking git</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#object-details">Object storage format</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#birdview-on-the-source-code">A birds-eye view of Git’s source code</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#glossary">11. Git Glossary</a></span></dt><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#git-quick-start">A. Git Quick Reference</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#quick-creating-a-new-repository">Creating a new repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#managing-branches">Managing branches</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#exploring-history">Exploring history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#making-changes">Making changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#merging">Merging</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sharing-your-changes">Sharing your changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#repository-maintenance">Repository maintenance</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#todo">B. Notes and todo list for this manual</a></span></dt></dl></div><p>Git is a fast distributed revision control system.</p><p>This manual is designed to be readable by someone with basic UNIX -command-line skills, but no previous knowledge of git.</p><p><a class="xref" href="#repositories-and-branches" title="Chapter 1. Repositories and Branches">Chapter 1, <i>Repositories and Branches</i></a> and <a class="xref" href="#exploring-git-history" title="Chapter 2. Exploring git history">Chapter 2, <i>Exploring git history</i></a> explain how +<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><title></title><link rel="stylesheet" href="docbook-xsl.css" type="text/css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.75.2"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div lang="en" class="book"><div class="titlepage"><hr></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl><dt><span class="part"><a href="#_git_user_8217_s_manual_for_version_1_5_3_or_newer">I. Git User’s Manual (for version 1.5.3 or newer)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#repositories-and-branches">1. Repositories and Branches</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-get-a-git-repository">How to get a Git repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-check-out">How to check out a different version of a project</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#understanding-commits">Understanding History: Commits</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#understanding-reachability">Understanding history: commits, parents, and reachability</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#history-diagrams">Understanding history: History diagrams</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#what-is-a-branch">Understanding history: What is a branch?</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#manipulating-branches">Manipulating branches</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#detached-head">Examining an old version without creating a new branch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#examining-remote-branches">Examining branches from a remote repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-git-stores-references">Naming branches, tags, and other references</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#Updating-a-repository-With-git-fetch">Updating a repository with git fetch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fetching-branches">Fetching branches from other repositories</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#exploring-git-history">2. Exploring Git history</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#using-bisect">How to use bisect to find a regression</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#naming-commits">Naming commits</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#creating-tags">Creating tags</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#browsing-revisions">Browsing revisions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#generating-diffs">Generating diffs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#viewing-old-file-versions">Viewing old file versions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#history-examples">Examples</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#counting-commits-on-a-branch">Counting the number of commits on a branch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#checking-for-equal-branches">Check whether two branches point at the same history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#finding-tagged-descendants">Find first tagged version including a given fix</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#showing-commits-unique-to-a-branch">Showing commits unique to a given branch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#making-a-release">Creating a changelog and tarball for a software release</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#Finding-commits-With-given-Content">Finding commits referencing a file with given content</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#Developing-With-git">3. Developing with Git</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#telling-git-your-name">Telling Git your name</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#creating-a-new-repository">Creating a new repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-make-a-commit">How to make a commit</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#creating-good-commit-messages">Creating good commit messages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ignoring-files">Ignoring files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-merge">How to merge</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#resolving-a-merge">Resolving a merge</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#conflict-resolution">Getting conflict-resolution help during a merge</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#undoing-a-merge">Undoing a merge</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fast-forwards">Fast-forward merges</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fixing-mistakes">Fixing mistakes</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#reverting-a-commit">Fixing a mistake with a new commit</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fixing-a-mistake-by-rewriting-history">Fixing a mistake by rewriting history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#checkout-of-path">Checking out an old version of a file</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#interrupted-work">Temporarily setting aside work in progress</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ensuring-good-performance">Ensuring good performance</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ensuring-reliability">Ensuring reliability</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#checking-for-corruption">Checking the repository for corruption</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#recovering-lost-changes">Recovering lost changes</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#sharing-development">4. Sharing development with others</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#getting-updates-With-git-pull">Getting updates with git pull</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#submitting-patches">Submitting patches to a project</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#importing-patches">Importing patches to a project</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#public-repositories">Public Git repositories</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#setting-up-a-public-repository">Setting up a public repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#exporting-via-git">Exporting a Git repository via the Git protocol</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#exporting-via-http">Exporting a Git repository via http</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#pushing-changes-to-a-public-repository">Pushing changes to a public repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#forcing-push">What to do when a push fails</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#setting-up-a-shared-repository">Setting up a shared repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#setting-up-gitweb">Allowing web browsing of a repository</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sharing-development-examples">Examples</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#maintaining-topic-branches">Maintaining topic branches for a Linux subsystem maintainer</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#cleaning-up-history">5. Rewriting history and maintaining patch series</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#patch-series">Creating the perfect patch series</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#using-git-rebase">Keeping a patch series up to date using git rebase</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#rewriting-one-commit">Rewriting a single commit</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#reordering-patch-series">Reordering or selecting from a patch series</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#patch-series-tools">Other tools</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#problems-With-rewriting-history">Problems with rewriting history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#bisect-merges">Why bisecting merge commits can be harder than bisecting linear history</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#advanced-branch-management">6. Advanced branch management</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fetching-individual-branches">Fetching individual branches</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fetch-fast-forwards">git fetch and fast-forwards</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#forcing-fetch">Forcing git fetch to do non-fast-forward updates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#remote-branch-configuration">Configuring remote-tracking branches</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#git-concepts">7. Git concepts</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#the-object-database">The Object Database</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#commit-object">Commit Object</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#tree-object">Tree Object</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#blob-object">Blob Object</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#trust">Trust</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#tag-object">Tag Object</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#pack-files">How Git stores objects efficiently: pack files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#dangling-objects">Dangling objects</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#recovering-from-repository-corruption">Recovering from repository corruption</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#the-index">The index</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#submodules">8. Submodules</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_pitfalls_with_submodules">Pitfalls with submodules</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#low-level-operations">9. Low-level Git operations</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#object-manipulation">Object access and manipulation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#the-workflow">The Workflow</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#working-directory-to-index">working directory → index</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#index-to-object-database">index → object database</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#object-database-to-index">object database → index</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#index-to-working-directory">index → working directory</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#tying-it-all-together">Tying it all together</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#examining-the-data">Examining the data</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#merging-multiple-trees">Merging multiple trees</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#merging-multiple-trees-2">Merging multiple trees, continued</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#hacking-git">10. Hacking Git</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#object-details">Object storage format</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#birdview-on-the-source-code">A birds-eye view of Git’s source code</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#glossary">11. Git Glossary</a></span></dt><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#git-quick-start">A. Git Quick Reference</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#quick-creating-a-new-repository">Creating a new repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#managing-branches">Managing branches</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#exploring-history">Exploring history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#making-changes">Making changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#merging">Merging</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sharing-your-changes">Sharing your changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#repository-maintenance">Repository maintenance</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#todo">B. Notes and todo list for this manual</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="part" title="Part I. Git User’s Manual (for version 1.5.3 or newer)"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a name="_git_user_8217_s_manual_for_version_1_5_3_or_newer"></a>Part I. Git User’s Manual (for version 1.5.3 or newer)</h1></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#repositories-and-branches">1. Repositories and Branches</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-get-a-git-repository">How to get a Git repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-check-out">How to check out a different version of a project</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#understanding-commits">Understanding History: Commits</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#understanding-reachability">Understanding history: commits, parents, and reachability</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#history-diagrams">Understanding history: History diagrams</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#what-is-a-branch">Understanding history: What is a branch?</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#manipulating-branches">Manipulating branches</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#detached-head">Examining an old version without creating a new branch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#examining-remote-branches">Examining branches from a remote repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-git-stores-references">Naming branches, tags, and other references</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#Updating-a-repository-With-git-fetch">Updating a repository with git fetch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fetching-branches">Fetching branches from other repositories</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#exploring-git-history">2. Exploring Git history</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#using-bisect">How to use bisect to find a regression</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#naming-commits">Naming commits</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#creating-tags">Creating tags</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#browsing-revisions">Browsing revisions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#generating-diffs">Generating diffs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#viewing-old-file-versions">Viewing old file versions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#history-examples">Examples</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#counting-commits-on-a-branch">Counting the number of commits on a branch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#checking-for-equal-branches">Check whether two branches point at the same history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#finding-tagged-descendants">Find first tagged version including a given fix</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#showing-commits-unique-to-a-branch">Showing commits unique to a given branch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#making-a-release">Creating a changelog and tarball for a software release</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#Finding-commits-With-given-Content">Finding commits referencing a file with given content</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#Developing-With-git">3. Developing with Git</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#telling-git-your-name">Telling Git your name</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#creating-a-new-repository">Creating a new repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-make-a-commit">How to make a commit</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#creating-good-commit-messages">Creating good commit messages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ignoring-files">Ignoring files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-merge">How to merge</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#resolving-a-merge">Resolving a merge</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#conflict-resolution">Getting conflict-resolution help during a merge</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#undoing-a-merge">Undoing a merge</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fast-forwards">Fast-forward merges</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fixing-mistakes">Fixing mistakes</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#reverting-a-commit">Fixing a mistake with a new commit</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fixing-a-mistake-by-rewriting-history">Fixing a mistake by rewriting history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#checkout-of-path">Checking out an old version of a file</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#interrupted-work">Temporarily setting aside work in progress</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ensuring-good-performance">Ensuring good performance</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ensuring-reliability">Ensuring reliability</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#checking-for-corruption">Checking the repository for corruption</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#recovering-lost-changes">Recovering lost changes</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#sharing-development">4. Sharing development with others</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#getting-updates-With-git-pull">Getting updates with git pull</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#submitting-patches">Submitting patches to a project</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#importing-patches">Importing patches to a project</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#public-repositories">Public Git repositories</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#setting-up-a-public-repository">Setting up a public repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#exporting-via-git">Exporting a Git repository via the Git protocol</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#exporting-via-http">Exporting a Git repository via http</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#pushing-changes-to-a-public-repository">Pushing changes to a public repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#forcing-push">What to do when a push fails</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#setting-up-a-shared-repository">Setting up a shared repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#setting-up-gitweb">Allowing web browsing of a repository</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sharing-development-examples">Examples</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#maintaining-topic-branches">Maintaining topic branches for a Linux subsystem maintainer</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#cleaning-up-history">5. Rewriting history and maintaining patch series</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#patch-series">Creating the perfect patch series</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#using-git-rebase">Keeping a patch series up to date using git rebase</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#rewriting-one-commit">Rewriting a single commit</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#reordering-patch-series">Reordering or selecting from a patch series</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#patch-series-tools">Other tools</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#problems-With-rewriting-history">Problems with rewriting history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#bisect-merges">Why bisecting merge commits can be harder than bisecting linear history</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#advanced-branch-management">6. Advanced branch management</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fetching-individual-branches">Fetching individual branches</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fetch-fast-forwards">git fetch and fast-forwards</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#forcing-fetch">Forcing git fetch to do non-fast-forward updates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#remote-branch-configuration">Configuring remote-tracking branches</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#git-concepts">7. Git concepts</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#the-object-database">The Object Database</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#commit-object">Commit Object</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#tree-object">Tree Object</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#blob-object">Blob Object</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#trust">Trust</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#tag-object">Tag Object</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#pack-files">How Git stores objects efficiently: pack files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#dangling-objects">Dangling objects</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#recovering-from-repository-corruption">Recovering from repository corruption</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#the-index">The index</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#submodules">8. Submodules</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_pitfalls_with_submodules">Pitfalls with submodules</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#low-level-operations">9. Low-level Git operations</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#object-manipulation">Object access and manipulation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#the-workflow">The Workflow</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#working-directory-to-index">working directory → index</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#index-to-object-database">index → object database</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#object-database-to-index">object database → index</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#index-to-working-directory">index → working directory</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#tying-it-all-together">Tying it all together</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#examining-the-data">Examining the data</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#merging-multiple-trees">Merging multiple trees</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#merging-multiple-trees-2">Merging multiple trees, continued</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#hacking-git">10. Hacking Git</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#object-details">Object storage format</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#birdview-on-the-source-code">A birds-eye view of Git’s source code</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#glossary">11. Git Glossary</a></span></dt><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#git-quick-start">A. Git Quick Reference</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#quick-creating-a-new-repository">Creating a new repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#managing-branches">Managing branches</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#exploring-history">Exploring history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#making-changes">Making changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#merging">Merging</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sharing-your-changes">Sharing your changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#repository-maintenance">Repository maintenance</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#todo">B. Notes and todo list for this manual</a></span></dt></dl></div><p>Git is a fast distributed revision control system.</p><p>This manual is designed to be readable by someone with basic UNIX +command-line skills, but no previous knowledge of Git.</p><p><a class="xref" href="#repositories-and-branches" title="Chapter 1. Repositories and Branches">Chapter 1, <i>Repositories and Branches</i></a> and <a class="xref" href="#exploring-git-history" title="Chapter 2. Exploring Git history">Chapter 2, <i>Exploring Git history</i></a> explain how to fetch and study a project using git—read these chapters to learn how to build and test a particular version of a software project, search for regressions, and so on.</p><p>People needing to do actual development will also want to read -<a class="xref" href="#Developing-With-git" title="Chapter 3. Developing with git">Chapter 3, <i>Developing with git</i></a> and <a class="xref" href="#sharing-development" title="Chapter 4. Sharing development with others">Chapter 4, <i>Sharing development with others</i></a>.</p><p>Further chapters cover more specialized topics.</p><p>Comprehensive reference documentation is available through the man +<a class="xref" href="#Developing-With-git" title="Chapter 3. Developing with Git">Chapter 3, <i>Developing with Git</i></a> and <a class="xref" href="#sharing-development" title="Chapter 4. Sharing development with others">Chapter 4, <i>Sharing development with others</i></a>.</p><p>Further chapters cover more specialized topics.</p><p>Comprehensive reference documentation is available through the man pages, or <a class="ulink" href="git-help.html" target="_top">git-help(1)</a> command. For example, for the command "git clone <repo>", you can either use:</p><pre class="literallayout">$ man git-clone</pre><p>or:</p><pre class="literallayout">$ git help clone</pre><p>With the latter, you can use the manual viewer of your choice; see -<a class="ulink" href="git-help.html" target="_top">git-help(1)</a> for more information.</p><p>See also <a class="xref" href="#git-quick-start" title="Appendix A. Git Quick Reference">Appendix A, <i>Git Quick Reference</i></a> for a brief overview of git commands, +<a class="ulink" href="git-help.html" target="_top">git-help(1)</a> for more information.</p><p>See also <a class="xref" href="#git-quick-start" title="Appendix A. Git Quick Reference">Appendix A, <i>Git Quick Reference</i></a> for a brief overview of Git commands, without any explanation.</p><p>Finally, see <a class="xref" href="#todo" title="Appendix B. Notes and todo list for this manual">Appendix B, <i>Notes and todo list for this manual</i></a> for ways that you can help make this manual more -complete.</p><div class="chapter" title="Chapter 1. Repositories and Branches"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a name="repositories-and-branches"></a>Chapter 1. Repositories and Branches</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-get-a-git-repository">How to get a git repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-check-out">How to check out a different version of a project</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#understanding-commits">Understanding History: Commits</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#understanding-reachability">Understanding history: commits, parents, and reachability</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#history-diagrams">Understanding history: History diagrams</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#what-is-a-branch">Understanding history: What is a branch?</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#manipulating-branches">Manipulating branches</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#detached-head">Examining an old version without creating a new branch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#examining-remote-branches">Examining branches from a remote repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-git-stores-references">Naming branches, tags, and other references</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#Updating-a-repository-With-git-fetch">Updating a repository with git fetch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fetching-branches">Fetching branches from other repositories</a></span></dt></dl></div><div class="section" title="How to get a git repository"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="how-to-get-a-git-repository"></a>How to get a git repository</h2></div></div></div><p>It will be useful to have a git repository to experiment with as you +complete.</p><div class="chapter" title="Chapter 1. Repositories and Branches"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a name="repositories-and-branches"></a>Chapter 1. Repositories and Branches</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-get-a-git-repository">How to get a Git repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-check-out">How to check out a different version of a project</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#understanding-commits">Understanding History: Commits</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#understanding-reachability">Understanding history: commits, parents, and reachability</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#history-diagrams">Understanding history: History diagrams</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#what-is-a-branch">Understanding history: What is a branch?</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#manipulating-branches">Manipulating branches</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#detached-head">Examining an old version without creating a new branch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#examining-remote-branches">Examining branches from a remote repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-git-stores-references">Naming branches, tags, and other references</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#Updating-a-repository-With-git-fetch">Updating a repository with git fetch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fetching-branches">Fetching branches from other repositories</a></span></dt></dl></div><div class="section" title="How to get a Git repository"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="how-to-get-a-git-repository"></a>How to get a Git repository</h2></div></div></div><p>It will be useful to have a Git repository to experiment with as you read this manual.</p><p>The best way to get one is by using the <a class="ulink" href="git-clone.html" target="_top">git-clone(1)</a> command to download a copy of an existing repository. If you don’t already have a -project in mind, here are some interesting examples:</p><pre class="literallayout"> # git itself (approx. 10MB download): +project in mind, here are some interesting examples:</p><pre class="literallayout"> # Git itself (approx. 10MB download): $ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/git/git.git # the Linux kernel (approx. 150MB download): $ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6.git</pre><p>The initial clone may be time-consuming for a large project, but you @@ -23,11 +23,11 @@ top-level directory named ".git", which contains all the information about the history of the project.</p></div><div class="section" title="How to check out a different version of a project"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="how-to-check-out"></a>How to check out a different version of a project</h2></div></div></div><p>Git is best thought of as a tool for storing the history of a collection of files. It stores the history as a compressed collection of -interrelated snapshots of the project’s contents. In git each such +interrelated snapshots of the project’s contents. In Git each such version is called a <a class="link" href="#def_commit">commit</a>.</p><p>Those snapshots aren’t necessarily all arranged in a single line from oldest to newest; instead, work may simultaneously proceed along parallel lines of development, called <a class="link" href="#def_branch">branches</a>, which may -merge and diverge.</p><p>A single git repository can track development on multiple branches. It +merge and diverge.</p><p>A single Git repository can track development on multiple branches. It does this by keeping a list of <a class="link" href="#def_head">heads</a> which reference the latest commit on each branch; the <a class="ulink" href="git-branch.html" target="_top">git-branch(1)</a> command shows you the list of branch heads:</p><pre class="literallayout">$ git branch @@ -88,22 +88,22 @@ commit in their repository that it does in yours (assuming their repository has that commit at all). Since the object name is computed as a hash over the contents of the commit, you are guaranteed that the commit can never change -without its name also changing.</p><p>In fact, in <a class="xref" href="#git-concepts" title="Chapter 7. Git concepts">Chapter 7, <i>Git concepts</i></a> we shall see that everything stored in git +without its name also changing.</p><p>In fact, in <a class="xref" href="#git-concepts" title="Chapter 7. Git concepts">Chapter 7, <i>Git concepts</i></a> we shall see that everything stored in Git history, including file data and directory contents, is stored in an object with a name that is a hash of its contents.</p><div class="section" title="Understanding history: commits, parents, and reachability"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="understanding-reachability"></a>Understanding history: commits, parents, and reachability</h3></div></div></div><p>Every commit (except the very first commit in a project) also has a parent commit which shows what happened before this commit. Following the chain of parents will eventually take you back to the -beginning of the project.</p><p>However, the commits do not form a simple list; git allows lines of +beginning of the project.</p><p>However, the commits do not form a simple list; Git allows lines of development to diverge and then reconverge, and the point where two lines of development reconverge is called a "merge". The commit representing a merge can therefore have more than one parent, with each parent representing the most recent commit on one of the lines of development leading to that point.</p><p>The best way to see how this works is using the <a class="ulink" href="gitk.html" target="_top">gitk(1)</a> -command; running gitk now on a git repository and looking for merge -commits will help understand how the git organizes history.</p><p>In the following, we say that commit X is "reachable" from commit Y +command; running gitk now on a Git repository and looking for merge +commits will help understand how the Git organizes history.</p><p>In the following, we say that commit X is "reachable" from commit Y if commit X is an ancestor of commit Y. Equivalently, you could say that Y is a descendant of X, or that there is a chain of parents -leading from commit Y to commit X.</p></div><div class="section" title="Understanding history: History diagrams"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="history-diagrams"></a>Understanding history: History diagrams</h3></div></div></div><p>We will sometimes represent git history using diagrams like the one +leading from commit Y to commit X.</p></div><div class="section" title="Understanding history: History diagrams"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="history-diagrams"></a>Understanding history: History diagrams</h3></div></div></div><p>We will sometimes represent Git history using diagrams like the one below. Commits are shown as "o", and the links between them with lines drawn with - / and \. Time goes left to right:</p><pre class="literallayout"> o--o--o <-- Branch A / @@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ even if the branch points to a commit not reachable from the current branch, you may know that that commit is still reachable from some other branch or tag. In that - case it is safe to use this command to force git to delete + case it is safe to use this command to force Git to delete the branch. </dd><dt><span class="term"> git checkout <branch> @@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ create a new branch <new> referencing <start-point>, and check it out. </dd></dl></div><p>The special symbol "HEAD" can always be used to refer to the current -branch. In fact, git uses a file named "HEAD" in the .git directory to +branch. In fact, Git uses a file named "HEAD" in the .git directory to remember which branch is current:</p><pre class="literallayout">$ cat .git/HEAD ref: refs/heads/master</pre></div><div class="section" title="Examining an old version without creating a new branch"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="detached-head"></a>Examining an old version without creating a new branch</h2></div></div></div><p>The <code class="literal">git checkout</code> command normally expects a branch head, but will also accept an arbitrary commit; for example, you can check out the commit @@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ be updated by "git fetch" (hence "git pull") and "git push". See <a class="xref" href="#Updating-a-repository-With-git-fetch" title="Updating a repository with git fetch">the section called “Updating a repository with git fetch”</a> for details.</p><p>You might want to build on one of these remote-tracking branches on a branch of your own, just as you would for a tag:</p><pre class="literallayout">$ git checkout -b my-todo-copy origin/todo</pre><p>You can also check out "origin/todo" directly to examine it or -write a one-off patch. See <a class="link" href="#detached-head" title="Examining an old version without creating a new branch">detached head</a>.</p><p>Note that the name "origin" is just the name that git uses by default +write a one-off patch. See <a class="link" href="#detached-head" title="Examining an old version without creating a new branch">detached head</a>.</p><p>Note that the name "origin" is just the name that Git uses by default to refer to the repository that you cloned from.</p></div><div class="section" title="Naming branches, tags, and other references"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="how-git-stores-references"></a>Naming branches, tags, and other references</h2></div></div></div><p>Branches, remote-tracking branches, and tags are all references to commits. All references are named with a slash-separated path name starting with "refs"; the names we’ve been using so far are actually @@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ they may also be packed together in a single file; see <a class="ulink" href="git-pack-refs.html" target="_top">git-pack-refs(1)</a>).</p><p>As another useful shortcut, the "HEAD" of a repository can be referred to just using the name of that repository. So, for example, "origin" -is usually a shortcut for the HEAD branch in the repository "origin".</p><p>For the complete list of paths which git checks for references, and +is usually a shortcut for the HEAD branch in the repository "origin".</p><p>For the complete list of paths which Git checks for references, and the order it uses to decide which to choose when there are multiple references with the same shorthand name, see the "SPECIFYING REVISIONS" section of <a class="ulink" href="gitrevisions.html" target="_top">gitrevisions(7)</a>.</p></div><div class="section" title="Updating a repository with git fetch"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="Updating-a-repository-With-git-fetch"></a>Updating a repository with git fetch</h2></div></div></div><p>Eventually the developer cloned from will do additional work in her @@ -225,16 +225,16 @@ that you gave "git remote add", in this case linux-nfs:</p><pre class="literallayout">$ git branch -r linux-nfs/master origin/master</pre><p>If you run "git fetch <remote>" later, the remote-tracking branches for the -named <remote> will be updated.</p><p>If you examine the file .git/config, you will see that git has added +named <remote> will be updated.</p><p>If you examine the file .git/config, you will see that Git has added a new stanza:</p><pre class="literallayout">$ cat .git/config ... [remote "linux-nfs"] url = git://linux-nfs.org/pub/nfs-2.6.git fetch = +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/linux-nfs/* -...</pre><p>This is what causes git to track the remote’s branches; you may modify +...</pre><p>This is what causes Git to track the remote’s branches; you may modify or delete these configuration options by editing .git/config with a text editor. (See the "CONFIGURATION FILE" section of -<a class="ulink" href="git-config.html" target="_top">git-config(1)</a> for details.)</p></div></div><div class="chapter" title="Chapter 2. Exploring git history"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a name="exploring-git-history"></a>Chapter 2. Exploring git history</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#using-bisect">How to use bisect to find a regression</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#naming-commits">Naming commits</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#creating-tags">Creating tags</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#browsing-revisions">Browsing revisions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#generating-diffs">Generating diffs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#viewing-old-file-versions">Viewing old file versions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#history-examples">Examples</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#counting-commits-on-a-branch">Counting the number of commits on a branch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#checking-for-equal-branches">Check whether two branches point at the same history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#finding-tagged-descendants">Find first tagged version including a given fix</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#showing-commits-unique-to-a-branch">Showing commits unique to a given branch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#making-a-release">Creating a changelog and tarball for a software release</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#Finding-commits-With-given-Content">Finding commits referencing a file with given content</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><p>Git is best thought of as a tool for storing the history of a +<a class="ulink" href="git-config.html" target="_top">git-config(1)</a> for details.)</p></div></div><div class="chapter" title="Chapter 2. Exploring Git history"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a name="exploring-git-history"></a>Chapter 2. Exploring Git history</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#using-bisect">How to use bisect to find a regression</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#naming-commits">Naming commits</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#creating-tags">Creating tags</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#browsing-revisions">Browsing revisions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#generating-diffs">Generating diffs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#viewing-old-file-versions">Viewing old file versions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#history-examples">Examples</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#counting-commits-on-a-branch">Counting the number of commits on a branch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#checking-for-equal-branches">Check whether two branches point at the same history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#finding-tagged-descendants">Find first tagged version including a given fix</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#showing-commits-unique-to-a-branch">Showing commits unique to a given branch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#making-a-release">Creating a changelog and tarball for a software release</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#Finding-commits-With-given-Content">Finding commits referencing a file with given content</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><p>Git is best thought of as a tool for storing the history of a collection of files. It does this by storing compressed snapshots of the contents of a file hierarchy, together with "commits" which show the relationships between these snapshots.</p><p>Git provides extremely flexible and fast tools for exploring the @@ -247,13 +247,13 @@ $ git bisect good v2.6.18 $ git bisect bad master Bisecting: 3537 revisions left to test after this -[65934a9a028b88e83e2b0f8b36618fe503349f8e] BLOCK: Make USB storage depend on SCSI rather than selecting it [try #6]</pre><p>If you run "git branch" at this point, you’ll see that git has +[65934a9a028b88e83e2b0f8b36618fe503349f8e] BLOCK: Make USB storage depend on SCSI rather than selecting it [try #6]</pre><p>If you run "git branch" at this point, you’ll see that Git has temporarily moved you in "(no branch)". HEAD is now detached from any branch and points directly to a commit (with commit id 65934…) that is reachable from "master" but not from v2.6.18. Compile and test it, and see whether it crashes. Assume it does crash. Then:</p><pre class="literallayout">$ git bisect bad Bisecting: 1769 revisions left to test after this -[7eff82c8b1511017ae605f0c99ac275a7e21b867] i2c-core: Drop useless bitmaskings</pre><p>checks out an older version. Continue like this, telling git at each +[7eff82c8b1511017ae605f0c99ac275a7e21b867] i2c-core: Drop useless bitmaskings</pre><p>checks out an older version. Continue like this, telling Git at each stage whether the version it gives you is good or bad, and notice that the number of revisions left to test is cut approximately in half each time.</p><p>After about 13 tests (in this case), it will output the commit id of @@ -267,8 +267,8 @@ says "bisect". Choose a safe-looking commit nearby, note its commit id, and check it out with:</p><pre class="literallayout">$ git reset --hard fb47ddb2db...</pre><p>then test, run "bisect good" or "bisect bad" as appropriate, and continue.</p><p>Instead of "git bisect visualize" and then "git reset --hard -fb47ddb2db…", you might just want to tell git that you want to skip -the current commit:</p><pre class="literallayout">$ git bisect skip</pre><p>In this case, though, git may not eventually be able to tell the first +fb47ddb2db…", you might just want to tell Git that you want to skip +the current commit:</p><pre class="literallayout">$ git bisect skip</pre><p>In this case, though, Git may not eventually be able to tell the first bad one between some first skipped commits and a later bad commit.</p><p>There are also ways to automate the bisecting process if you have a test script that can tell a good from a bad commit. See <a class="ulink" href="git-bisect.html" target="_top">git-bisect(1)</a> for more information about this and other "git @@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ # matching the string 'foo()'</pre><p>And of course you can combine all of these; the following finds commits since v2.5 which touch the Makefile or any file under fs:</p><pre class="literallayout">$ git log v2.5.. Makefile fs/</pre><p>You can also ask git log to show patches:</p><pre class="literallayout">$ git log -p</pre><p>See the "--pretty" option in the <a class="ulink" href="git-log.html" target="_top">git-log(1)</a> man page for more display options.</p><p>Note that git log starts with the most recent commit and works -backwards through the parents; however, since git history can contain +backwards through the parents; however, since Git history can contain multiple independent lines of development, the particular order that commits are listed in may be somewhat arbitrary.</p></div><div class="section" title="Generating diffs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="generating-diffs"></a>Generating diffs</h2></div></div></div><p>You can generate diffs between any two versions using <a class="ulink" href="git-diff.html" target="_top">git-diff(1)</a>:</p><pre class="literallayout">$ git diff master..test</pre><p>That will produce the diff between the tips of the two branches. If @@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ correct revision first. But sometimes it is more convenient to be able to view an old version of a single file without checking anything out; this command does that:</p><pre class="literallayout">$ git show v2.5:fs/locks.c</pre><p>Before the colon may be anything that names a commit, and after it -may be any path to a file tracked by git.</p></div><div class="section" title="Examples"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="history-examples"></a>Examples</h2></div></div></div><div class="section" title="Counting the number of commits on a branch"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="counting-commits-on-a-branch"></a>Counting the number of commits on a branch</h3></div></div></div><p>Suppose you want to know how many commits you’ve made on "mybranch" +may be any path to a file tracked by Git.</p></div><div class="section" title="Examples"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="history-examples"></a>Examples</h2></div></div></div><div class="section" title="Counting the number of commits on a branch"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="counting-commits-on-a-branch"></a>Counting the number of commits on a branch</h3></div></div></div><p>Suppose you want to know how many commits you’ve made on "mybranch" since it diverged from "origin":</p><pre class="literallayout">$ git log --pretty=oneline origin..mybranch | wc -l</pre><p>Alternatively, you may often see this sort of thing done with the lower-level command <a class="ulink" href="git-rev-list.html" target="_top">git-rev-list(1)</a>, which just lists the SHA-1’s of all the given commits:</p><pre class="literallayout">$ git rev-list origin..mybranch | wc -l</pre></div><div class="section" title="Check whether two branches point at the same history"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="checking-for-equal-branches"></a>Check whether two branches point at the same history</h3></div></div></div><p>Suppose you want to check whether two branches point at the same point @@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ commit. You can find out with this:</p><pre class="literallayout">$ git log --raw --abbrev=40 --pretty=oneline | grep -B 1 `git hash-object filename`</pre><p>Figuring out why this works is left as an exercise to the (advanced) student. The <a class="ulink" href="git-log.html" target="_top">git-log(1)</a>, <a class="ulink" href="git-diff-tree.html" target="_top">git-diff-tree(1)</a>, and -<a class="ulink" href="git-hash-object.html" target="_top">git-hash-object(1)</a> man pages may prove helpful.</p></div></div></div><div class="chapter" title="Chapter 3. Developing with git"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a name="Developing-With-git"></a>Chapter 3. Developing with git</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#telling-git-your-name">Telling git your name</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#creating-a-new-repository">Creating a new repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-make-a-commit">How to make a commit</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#creating-good-commit-messages">Creating good commit messages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ignoring-files">Ignoring files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-merge">How to merge</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#resolving-a-merge">Resolving a merge</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#conflict-resolution">Getting conflict-resolution help during a merge</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#undoing-a-merge">Undoing a merge</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fast-forwards">Fast-forward merges</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fixing-mistakes">Fixing mistakes</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#reverting-a-commit">Fixing a mistake with a new commit</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fixing-a-mistake-by-rewriting-history">Fixing a mistake by rewriting history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#checkout-of-path">Checking out an old version of a file</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#interrupted-work">Temporarily setting aside work in progress</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ensuring-good-performance">Ensuring good performance</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ensuring-reliability">Ensuring reliability</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#checking-for-corruption">Checking the repository for corruption</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#recovering-lost-changes">Recovering lost changes</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="section" title="Telling git your name"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="telling-git-your-name"></a>Telling git your name</h2></div></div></div><p>Before creating any commits, you should introduce yourself to git. The +<a class="ulink" href="git-hash-object.html" target="_top">git-hash-object(1)</a> man pages may prove helpful.</p></div></div></div><div class="chapter" title="Chapter 3. Developing with Git"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a name="Developing-With-git"></a>Chapter 3. Developing with Git</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#telling-git-your-name">Telling Git your name</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#creating-a-new-repository">Creating a new repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-make-a-commit">How to make a commit</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#creating-good-commit-messages">Creating good commit messages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ignoring-files">Ignoring files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-merge">How to merge</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#resolving-a-merge">Resolving a merge</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#conflict-resolution">Getting conflict-resolution help during a merge</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#undoing-a-merge">Undoing a merge</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fast-forwards">Fast-forward merges</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fixing-mistakes">Fixing mistakes</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#reverting-a-commit">Fixing a mistake with a new commit</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fixing-a-mistake-by-rewriting-history">Fixing a mistake by rewriting history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#checkout-of-path">Checking out an old version of a file</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#interrupted-work">Temporarily setting aside work in progress</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ensuring-good-performance">Ensuring good performance</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ensuring-reliability">Ensuring reliability</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#checking-for-corruption">Checking the repository for corruption</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#recovering-lost-changes">Recovering lost changes</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="section" title="Telling Git your name"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="telling-git-your-name"></a>Telling Git your name</h2></div></div></div><p>Before creating any commits, you should introduce yourself to Git. The easiest way to do so is to make sure the following lines appear in a file named .gitconfig in your home directory:</p><pre class="literallayout">[user] name = Your Name Comes Here @@ -421,20 +421,20 @@ Making some changes to the working directory using your favorite editor. </li><li class="listitem"> -Telling git about your changes. +Telling Git about your changes. </li><li class="listitem"> -Creating the commit using the content you told git about +Creating the commit using the content you told Git about in step 2. </li></ol></div><p>In practice, you can interleave and repeat steps 1 and 2 as many times as you want: in order to keep track of what you want committed -at step 3, git maintains a snapshot of the tree’s contents in a +at step 3, Git maintains a snapshot of the tree’s contents in a special staging area called "the index."</p><p>At the beginning, the content of the index will be identical to that of the HEAD. The command "git diff --cached", which shows the difference between the HEAD and the index, should therefore produce no output at that point.</p><p>Modifying the index is easy:</p><p>To update the index with the new contents of a modified file, use</p><pre class="literallayout">$ git add path/to/file</pre><p>To add the contents of a new file to the index, use</p><pre class="literallayout">$ git add path/to/file</pre><p>To remove a file from the index and from the working tree,</p><pre class="literallayout">$ git rm path/to/file</pre><p>After each step you can verify that</p><pre class="literallayout">$ git diff --cached</pre><p>always shows the difference between the HEAD and the index file—this is what you’d commit if you created the commit now—and that</p><pre class="literallayout">$ git diff</pre><p>shows the difference between the working tree and the index file.</p><p>Note that "git add" always adds just the current contents of a file to the index; further changes to the same file will be ignored unless -you run <code class="literal">git add</code> on the file again.</p><p>When you’re ready, just run</p><pre class="literallayout">$ git commit</pre><p>and git will prompt you for a commit message and then create the new +you run <code class="literal">git add</code> on the file again.</p><p>When you’re ready, just run</p><pre class="literallayout">$ git commit</pre><p>and Git will prompt you for a commit message and then create the new commit. Check to make sure it looks like what you expected with</p><pre class="literallayout">$ git show</pre><p>As a special shortcut,</p><pre class="literallayout">$ git commit -a</pre><p>will update the index with any files that you’ve modified or removed and create a commit, all in one step.</p><p>A number of commands are useful for keeping track of what you’re about to commit:</p><pre class="literallayout">$ git diff --cached # difference between HEAD and the index; what @@ -452,15 +452,15 @@ change, followed by a blank line and then a more thorough description. The text up to the first blank line in a commit message is treated as the commit title, and that title is used -throughout git. For example, <a class="ulink" href="git-format-patch.html" target="_top">git-format-patch(1)</a> turns a +throughout Git. For example, <a class="ulink" href="git-format-patch.html" target="_top">git-format-patch(1)</a> turns a commit into email, and it uses the title on the Subject line and the -rest of the commit in the body.</p></div><div class="section" title="Ignoring files"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="ignoring-files"></a>Ignoring files</h2></div></div></div><p>A project will often generate files that you do <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span> want to track with git. +rest of the commit in the body.</p></div><div class="section" title="Ignoring files"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="ignoring-files"></a>Ignoring files</h2></div></div></div><p>A project will often generate files that you do <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span> want to track with Git. This typically includes files generated by a build process or temporary -backup files made by your editor. Of course, <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span> tracking files with git +backup files made by your editor. Of course, <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span> tracking files with Git is just a matter of <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span> calling <code class="literal">git add</code> on them. But it quickly becomes annoying to have these untracked files lying around; e.g. they make <code class="literal">git add .</code> practically useless, and they keep showing up in the output of -<code class="literal">git status</code>.</p><p>You can tell git to ignore certain files by creating a file called .gitignore +<code class="literal">git status</code>.</p><p>You can tell Git to ignore certain files by creating a file called .gitignore in the top level of your working directory, with contents such as:</p><pre class="literallayout"># Lines starting with '#' are considered comments. # Ignore any file named foo.txt. foo.txt @@ -478,7 +478,7 @@ for other users who clone your repository.</p><p>If you wish the exclude patterns to affect only certain repositories (instead of every repository for a given project), you may instead put them in a file in your repository named .git/info/exclude, or in any file -specified by the <code class="literal">core.excludesfile</code> configuration variable. Some git +specified by the <code class="literal">core.excludesfile</code> configuration variable. Some Git commands can also take exclude patterns directly on the command line. See <a class="ulink" href="gitignore.html" target="_top">gitignore(5)</a> for the details.</p></div><div class="section" title="How to merge"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="how-to-merge"></a>How to merge</h2></div></div></div><p>You can rejoin two diverging branches of development using <a class="ulink" href="git-merge.html" target="_top">git-merge(1)</a>:</p><pre class="literallayout">$ git merge branchname</pre><p>merges the development in the branch "branchname" into the current @@ -502,10 +502,10 @@ CONFLICT (content): Merge conflict in file.txt Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.</pre><p>Conflict markers are left in the problematic files, and after you resolve the conflicts manually, you can update the index -with the contents and run git commit, as you normally would when +with the contents and run Git commit, as you normally would when creating a new file.</p><p>If you examine the resulting commit using gitk, you will see that it has two parents, one pointing to the top of the current branch, and -one to the top of the other branch.</p></div><div class="section" title="Resolving a merge"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="resolving-a-merge"></a>Resolving a merge</h2></div></div></div><p>When a merge isn’t resolved automatically, git leaves the index and +one to the top of the other branch.</p></div><div class="section" title="Resolving a merge"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="resolving-a-merge"></a>Resolving a merge</h2></div></div></div><p>When a merge isn’t resolved automatically, Git leaves the index and the working tree in a special state that gives you all the information you need to help resolve the merge.</p><p>Files with conflicts are marked specially in the index, so until you resolve the problem and update the index, <a class="ulink" href="git-commit.html" target="_top">git-commit(1)</a> will @@ -519,8 +519,8 @@ $ git commit</pre><p>Note that the commit message will already be filled in for you with some information about the merge. Normally you can just use this default message unchanged, but you may add additional commentary of -your own if desired.</p><p>The above is all you need to know to resolve a simple merge. But git -also provides more information to help resolve conflicts:</p><div class="section" title="Getting conflict-resolution help during a merge"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="conflict-resolution"></a>Getting conflict-resolution help during a merge</h3></div></div></div><p>All of the changes that git was able to merge automatically are +your own if desired.</p><p>The above is all you need to know to resolve a simple merge. But Git +also provides more information to help resolve conflicts:</p><div class="section" title="Getting conflict-resolution help during a merge"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="conflict-resolution"></a>Getting conflict-resolution help during a merge</h3></div></div></div><p>All of the changes that Git was able to merge automatically are already added to the index file, so <a class="ulink" href="git-diff.html" target="_top">git-diff(1)</a> shows only the conflicts. It uses an unusual syntax:</p><pre class="literallayout">$ git diff diff --cc file.txt @@ -578,7 +578,7 @@ differently. Normally, a merge results in a merge commit, with two parents, one pointing at each of the two lines of development that were merged.</p><p>However, if the current branch is a descendant of the other—so every -commit present in the one is already contained in the other—then git +commit present in the one is already contained in the other—then Git just performs a "fast-forward"; the head of the current branch is moved forward to point at the head of the merged-in branch, without any new commits being created.</p></div><div class="section" title="Fixing mistakes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="fixing-mistakes"></a>Fixing mistakes</h2></div></div></div><p>If you’ve messed up the working tree, but haven’t yet committed your @@ -591,13 +591,13 @@ </li><li class="listitem"> You can go back and modify the old commit. You should never do this if you have already made the history public; - git does not normally expect the "history" of a project to + Git does not normally expect the "history" of a project to change, and cannot correctly perform repeated merges from a branch that has had its history changed. </li></ol></div><div class="section" title="Fixing a mistake with a new commit"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="reverting-a-commit"></a>Fixing a mistake with a new commit</h3></div></div></div><p>Creating a new commit that reverts an earlier change is very easy; just pass the <a class="ulink" href="git-revert.html" target="_top">git-revert(1)</a> command a reference to the bad commit; for example, to revert the most recent commit:</p><pre class="literallayout">$ git revert HEAD</pre><p>This will create a new commit which undoes the change in HEAD. You -will be given a chance to edit the commit message for the new commit.</p><p>You can also revert an earlier change, for example, the next-to-last:</p><pre class="literallayout">$ git revert HEAD^</pre><p>In this case git will attempt to undo the old change while leaving +will be given a chance to edit the commit message for the new commit.</p><p>You can also revert an earlier change, for example, the next-to-last:</p><pre class="literallayout">$ git revert HEAD^</pre><p>In this case Git will attempt to undo the old change while leaving intact any changes made since then. If more recent changes overlap with the changes to be reverted, then you will be asked to fix conflicts manually, just as in the case of <a class="link" href="#resolving-a-merge" title="Resolving a merge">resolving a merge</a>.</p></div><div class="section" title="Fixing a mistake by rewriting history"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="fixing-a-mistake-by-rewriting-history"></a>Fixing a mistake by rewriting history</h3></div></div></div><p>If the problematic commit is the most recent commit, and you have not @@ -625,7 +625,7 @@ reset your working tree and the index to match the tip of your current branch. Then you can make your fix as usual.</p><pre class="literallayout">... edit and test ... $ git commit -a -m "blorpl: typofix"</pre><p>After that, you can go back to what you were working on with -<code class="literal">git stash pop</code>:</p><pre class="literallayout">$ git stash pop</pre></div></div><div class="section" title="Ensuring good performance"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="ensuring-good-performance"></a>Ensuring good performance</h2></div></div></div><p>On large repositories, git depends on compression to keep the history +<code class="literal">git stash pop</code>:</p><pre class="literallayout">$ git stash pop</pre></div></div><div class="section" title="Ensuring good performance"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="ensuring-good-performance"></a>Ensuring good performance</h2></div></div></div><p>On large repositories, Git depends on compression to keep the history information from taking up too much space on disk or in memory.</p><p>This compression is not performed automatically. Therefore you should occasionally run <a class="ulink" href="git-gc.html" target="_top">git-gc(1)</a>:</p><pre class="literallayout">$ git gc</pre><p>to recompress the archive. This can be very time-consuming, so you may prefer to run <code class="literal">git gc</code> when you are not doing other work.</p></div><div class="section" title="Ensuring reliability"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="ensuring-reliability"></a>Ensuring reliability</h2></div></div></div><div class="section" title="Checking the repository for corruption"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="checking-for-corruption"></a>Checking the repository for corruption</h3></div></div></div><p>The <a class="ulink" href="git-fsck.html" target="_top">git-fsck(1)</a> command runs a number of self-consistency checks @@ -645,10 +645,10 @@ You can run <code class="literal">git fsck --no-dangling</code> to suppress these messages, and still view real errors.</p></div><div class="section" title="Recovering lost changes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="recovering-lost-changes"></a>Recovering lost changes</h3></div></div></div><div class="section" title="Reflogs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="reflogs"></a>Reflogs</h4></div></div></div><p>Say you modify a branch with <code class="literal"><a class="ulink" href="git-reset.html" target="_top">git-reset(1)</a> --hard</code>, and then realize that the branch was the only reference you had to that point in -history.</p><p>Fortunately, git also keeps a log, called a "reflog", of all the +history.</p><p>Fortunately, Git also keeps a log, called a "reflog", of all the previous values of each branch. So in this case you can still find the old history using, for example,</p><pre class="literallayout">$ git log master@{1}</pre><p>This lists the commits reachable from the previous version of the -"master" branch head. This syntax can be used with any git command +"master" branch head. This syntax can be used with any Git command that accepts a commit, not just with git log. Some other examples:</p><pre class="literallayout">$ git show master@{2} # See where the branch pointed 2, $ git show master@{3} # 3, ... changes ago. $ gitk master@{yesterday} # See where it pointed yesterday, @@ -658,7 +658,7 @@ you’ve checked out.</p><p>The reflogs are kept by default for 30 days, after which they may be pruned. See <a class="ulink" href="git-reflog.html" target="_top">git-reflog(1)</a> and <a class="ulink" href="git-gc.html" target="_top">git-gc(1)</a> to learn how to control this pruning, and see the "SPECIFYING REVISIONS" -section of <a class="ulink" href="gitrevisions.html" target="_top">gitrevisions(7)</a> for details.</p><p>Note that the reflog history is very different from normal git history. +section of <a class="ulink" href="gitrevisions.html" target="_top">gitrevisions(7)</a> for details.</p><p>Note that the reflog history is very different from normal Git history. While normal history is shared by every repository that works on the same project, the reflog history is not shared: it tells you only about how the branches in your local repository have changed over time.</p></div><div class="section" title="Examining dangling objects"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="dangling-object-recovery"></a>Examining dangling objects</h4></div></div></div><p>In some situations the reflog may not be able to save you. For example, @@ -679,7 +679,7 @@ "tip of the line" as being dangling, but there might be a whole deep and complex commit history that was dropped.)</p><p>If you decide you want the history back, you can always create a new reference pointing to it, for example, a new branch:</p><pre class="literallayout">$ git branch recovered-branch 7281251ddd</pre><p>Other types of dangling objects (blobs and trees) are also possible, and -dangling objects can arise in other situations.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="chapter" title="Chapter 4. Sharing development with others"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a name="sharing-development"></a>Chapter 4. Sharing development with others</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#getting-updates-With-git-pull">Getting updates with git pull</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#submitting-patches">Submitting patches to a project</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#importing-patches">Importing patches to a project</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#public-repositories">Public git repositories</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#setting-up-a-public-repository">Setting up a public repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#exporting-via-git">Exporting a git repository via the git protocol</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#exporting-via-http">Exporting a git repository via http</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#pushing-changes-to-a-public-repository">Pushing changes to a public repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#forcing-push">What to do when a push fails</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#setting-up-a-shared-repository">Setting up a shared repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#setting-up-gitweb">Allowing web browsing of a repository</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sharing-development-examples">Examples</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#maintaining-topic-branches">Maintaining topic branches for a Linux subsystem maintainer</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="section" title="Getting updates with git pull"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="getting-updates-With-git-pull"></a>Getting updates with git pull</h2></div></div></div><p>After you clone a repository and commit a few changes of your own, you +dangling objects can arise in other situations.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="chapter" title="Chapter 4. Sharing development with others"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a name="sharing-development"></a>Chapter 4. Sharing development with others</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#getting-updates-With-git-pull">Getting updates with git pull</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#submitting-patches">Submitting patches to a project</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#importing-patches">Importing patches to a project</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#public-repositories">Public Git repositories</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#setting-up-a-public-repository">Setting up a public repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#exporting-via-git">Exporting a Git repository via the Git protocol</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#exporting-via-http">Exporting a Git repository via http</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#pushing-changes-to-a-public-repository">Pushing changes to a public repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#forcing-push">What to do when a push fails</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#setting-up-a-shared-repository">Setting up a shared repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#setting-up-gitweb">Allowing web browsing of a repository</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sharing-development-examples">Examples</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#maintaining-topic-branches">Maintaining topic branches for a Linux subsystem maintainer</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="section" title="Getting updates with git pull"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="getting-updates-With-git-pull"></a>Getting updates with git pull</h2></div></div></div><p>After you clone a repository and commit a few changes of your own, you may wish to check the original repository for updates and merge them into your own work.</p><p>We have already seen <a class="link" href="#Updating-a-repository-With-git-fetch" title="Updating a repository with git fetch">how to keep remote-tracking branches up to date</a> with <a class="ulink" href="git-fetch.html" target="_top">git-fetch(1)</a>, and how to merge two branches. So you can merge in changes from the @@ -719,12 +719,12 @@ single mailbox file, say "patches.mbox", then run</p><pre class="literallayout">$ git am -3 patches.mbox</pre><p>Git will apply each patch in order; if any conflicts are found, it will stop, and you can fix the conflicts as described in "<a class="link" href="#resolving-a-merge" title="Resolving a merge">Resolving a merge</a>". (The "-3" option tells -git to perform a merge; if you would prefer it just to abort and +Git to perform a merge; if you would prefer it just to abort and leave your tree and index untouched, you may omit that option.)</p><p>Once the index is updated with the results of the conflict -resolution, instead of creating a new commit, just run</p><pre class="literallayout">$ git am --resolved</pre><p>and git will create the commit for you and continue applying the +resolution, instead of creating a new commit, just run</p><pre class="literallayout">$ git am --resolved</pre><p>and Git will create the commit for you and continue applying the remaining patches from the mailbox.</p><p>The final result will be a series of commits, one for each patch in the original mailbox, with authorship and commit log message each -taken from the message containing each patch.</p></div><div class="section" title="Public git repositories"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="public-repositories"></a>Public git repositories</h2></div></div></div><p>Another way to submit changes to a project is to tell the maintainer +taken from the message containing each patch.</p></div><div class="section" title="Public Git repositories"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="public-repositories"></a>Public Git repositories</h2></div></div></div><p>Another way to submit changes to a project is to tell the maintainer of that project to pull the changes from your repository using <a class="ulink" href="git-pull.html" target="_top">git-pull(1)</a>. In the section "<a class="link" href="#getting-updates-With-git-pull" title="Getting updates with git pull">Getting updates with <code class="literal">git pull</code></a>" we described this as a way to get updates from the "main" repository, but it works just as well in the @@ -756,17 +756,17 @@ just the contents of the ".git" directory, without any files checked out around it.</p><p>Next, copy proj.git to the server where you plan to host the public repository. You can use scp, rsync, or whatever is most -convenient.</p></div><div class="section" title="Exporting a git repository via the git protocol"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="exporting-via-git"></a>Exporting a git repository via the git protocol</h3></div></div></div><p>This is the preferred method.</p><p>If someone else administers the server, they should tell you what +convenient.</p></div><div class="section" title="Exporting a Git repository via the Git protocol"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="exporting-via-git"></a>Exporting a Git repository via the Git protocol</h3></div></div></div><p>This is the preferred method.</p><p>If someone else administers the server, they should tell you what directory to put the repository in, and what git:// URL it will appear at. You can then skip to the section "<a class="link" href="#pushing-changes-to-a-public-repository" title="Pushing changes to a public repository">Pushing changes to a public repository</a>", below.</p><p>Otherwise, all you need to do is start <a class="ulink" href="git-daemon.html" target="_top">git-daemon(1)</a>; it will listen on port 9418. By default, it will allow access to any directory -that looks like a git directory and contains the magic file +that looks like a Git directory and contains the magic file git-daemon-export-ok. Passing some directory paths as <code class="literal">git daemon</code> arguments will further restrict the exports to those paths.</p><p>You can also run <code class="literal">git daemon</code> as an inetd service; see the <a class="ulink" href="git-daemon.html" target="_top">git-daemon(1)</a> man page for details. (See especially the -examples section.)</p></div><div class="section" title="Exporting a git repository via http"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="exporting-via-http"></a>Exporting a git repository via http</h3></div></div></div><p>The git protocol gives better performance and reliability, but on a -host with a web server set up, http exports may be simpler to set up.</p><p>All you need to do is place the newly created bare git repository in +examples section.)</p></div><div class="section" title="Exporting a Git repository via http"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="exporting-via-http"></a>Exporting a Git repository via http</h3></div></div></div><p>The Git protocol gives better performance and reliability, but on a +host with a web server set up, http exports may be simpler to set up.</p><p>All you need to do is place the newly created bare Git repository in a directory that is exported by the web server, and make some adjustments to give web clients some extra information they need:</p><pre class="literallayout">$ mv proj.git /home/you/public_html/proj.git $ cd proj.git @@ -777,7 +777,7 @@ <a class="ulink" href="howto/setup-git-server-over-http.txt" target="_top">setup-git-server-over-http</a> for a slightly more sophisticated setup using WebDAV which also allows pushing over http.)</p></div><div class="section" title="Pushing changes to a public repository"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="pushing-changes-to-a-public-repository"></a>Pushing changes to a public repository</h3></div></div></div><p>Note that the two techniques outlined above (exporting via -<a class="link" href="#exporting-via-http" title="Exporting a git repository via http">http</a> or <a class="link" href="#exporting-via-git" title="Exporting a git repository via the git protocol">git</a>) allow other +<a class="link" href="#exporting-via-http" title="Exporting a Git repository via http">http</a> or <a class="link" href="#exporting-via-git" title="Exporting a Git repository via the Git protocol">git</a>) allow other maintainers to fetch your latest changes, but they do not allow write access, which you will need to update the public repository with the latest changes created in your private repository.</p><p>The simplest way to do this is using <a class="ulink" href="git-push.html" target="_top">git-push(1)</a> and ssh; to @@ -822,9 +822,9 @@ commonly used in CVS, where several developers with special rights all push to and pull from a single shared repository. See <a class="ulink" href="gitcvs-migration.html" target="_top">gitcvs-migration(7)</a> for instructions on how to -set this up.</p><p>However, while there is nothing wrong with git’s support for shared +set this up.</p><p>However, while there is nothing wrong with Git’s support for shared repositories, this mode of operation is not generally recommended, -simply because the mode of collaboration that git supports—by +simply because the mode of collaboration that Git supports—by exchanging patches and pulling from public repositories—has so many advantages over the central shared repository:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc"><li class="listitem"> Git’s ability to quickly import and merge patches allows a @@ -844,8 +844,8 @@ less need for formal decisions about who is "in" and who is "out". </li></ul></div></div><div class="section" title="Allowing web browsing of a repository"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="setting-up-gitweb"></a>Allowing web browsing of a repository</h3></div></div></div><p>The gitweb cgi script provides users an easy way to browse your -project’s files and history without having to install git; see the file -gitweb/INSTALL in the git source tree for instructions on setting it up.</p></div></div><div class="section" title="Examples"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="sharing-development-examples"></a>Examples</h2></div></div></div><div class="section" title="Maintaining topic branches for a Linux subsystem maintainer"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="maintaining-topic-branches"></a>Maintaining topic branches for a Linux subsystem maintainer</h3></div></div></div><p>This describes how Tony Luck uses git in his role as maintainer of the +project’s files and history without having to install Git; see the file +gitweb/INSTALL in the Git source tree for instructions on setting it up.</p></div></div><div class="section" title="Examples"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="sharing-development-examples"></a>Examples</h2></div></div></div><div class="section" title="Maintaining topic branches for a Linux subsystem maintainer"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="maintaining-topic-branches"></a>Maintaining topic branches for a Linux subsystem maintainer</h3></div></div></div><p>This describes how Tony Luck uses Git in his role as maintainer of the IA64 architecture for the Linux kernel.</p><p>He uses two public branches:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc"><li class="listitem"> A "test" tree into which patches are initially placed so that they can get some exposure when integrated with other ongoing development. @@ -869,7 +869,7 @@ $ git branch --track release origin/master</pre><p>These can be easily kept up to date using <a class="ulink" href="git-pull.html" target="_top">git-pull(1)</a>.</p><pre class="literallayout">$ git checkout test && git pull $ git checkout release && git pull</pre><p>Important note! If you have any local changes in these branches, then this merge will create a commit object in the history (with no local -changes git will simply do a "fast-forward" merge). Many people dislike +changes Git will simply do a "fast-forward" merge). Many people dislike the "noise" that this creates in the Linux history, so you should avoid doing this capriciously in the "release" branch, as these noisy commits will become part of the permanent history when you ask Linus to pull @@ -907,7 +907,7 @@ these changes, just apply directly to the "release" branch, and then merge that into the "test" branch.</p><p>To create diffstat and shortlog summaries of changes to include in a "please pull" request to Linus you can use:</p><pre class="literallayout">$ git diff --stat origin..release</pre><p>and</p><pre class="literallayout">$ git log -p origin..release | git shortlog</pre><p>Here are some of the scripts that simplify all this even further.</p><pre class="literallayout">==== update script ==== -# Update a branch in my GIT tree. If the branch to be updated +# Update a branch in my Git tree. If the branch to be updated # is origin, then pull from kernel.org. Otherwise merge # origin/master branch into test|release branch @@ -957,7 +957,7 @@ usage ;; esac</pre><pre class="literallayout">==== status script ==== -# report on status of my ia64 GIT tree +# report on status of my ia64 Git tree gb=$(tput setab 2) rb=$(tput setab 1) @@ -1005,7 +1005,7 @@ git log origin/master..$branch | git shortlog done</pre></div></div></div><div class="chapter" title="Chapter 5. Rewriting history and maintaining patch series"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a name="cleaning-up-history"></a>Chapter 5. Rewriting history and maintaining patch series</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#patch-series">Creating the perfect patch series</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#using-git-rebase">Keeping a patch series up to date using git rebase</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#rewriting-one-commit">Rewriting a single commit</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#reordering-patch-series">Reordering or selecting from a patch series</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#patch-series-tools">Other tools</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#problems-With-rewriting-history">Problems with rewriting history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#bisect-merges">Why bisecting merge commits can be harder than bisecting linear history</a></span></dt></dl></div><p>Normally commits are only added to a project, never taken away or replaced. Git is designed with this assumption, and violating it will -cause git’s merge machinery (for example) to do the wrong thing.</p><p>However, there is a situation in which it can be useful to violate this +cause Git’s merge machinery (for example) to do the wrong thing.</p><p>However, there is a situation in which it can be useful to violate this assumption.</p><div class="section" title="Creating the perfect patch series"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="patch-series"></a>Creating the perfect patch series</h2></div></div></div><p>Suppose you are a contributor to a large project, and you want to add a complicated feature, and to present it to the other developers in a way that makes it easy for them to read your changes, verify that they are @@ -1051,7 +1051,7 @@ a'--b'--c' <-- mywork</pre><p>In the process, it may discover conflicts. In that case it will stop and allow you to fix the conflicts; after fixing conflicts, use <code class="literal">git add</code> to update the index with those contents, and then, instead of -running <code class="literal">git commit</code>, just run</p><pre class="literallayout">$ git rebase --continue</pre><p>and git will continue applying the rest of the patches.</p><p>At any point you may use the <code class="literal">--abort</code> option to abort this process and +running <code class="literal">git commit</code>, just run</p><pre class="literallayout">$ git rebase --continue</pre><p>and Git will continue applying the rest of the patches.</p><p>At any point you may use the <code class="literal">--abort</code> option to abort this process and return mywork to the state it had before you started the rebase:</p><pre class="literallayout">$ git rebase --abort</pre></div><div class="section" title="Rewriting a single commit"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="rewriting-one-commit"></a>Rewriting a single commit</h2></div></div></div><p>We saw in <a class="xref" href="#fixing-a-mistake-by-rewriting-history" title="Fixing a mistake by rewriting history">the section called “Fixing a mistake by rewriting history”</a> that you can replace the most recent commit using</p><pre class="literallayout">$ git commit --amend</pre><p>which will replace the old commit by a new commit incorporating your changes, giving you a chance to edit the old commit message first.</p><p>You can also use a combination of this and <a class="ulink" href="git-rebase.html" target="_top">git-rebase(1)</a> to @@ -1064,7 +1064,7 @@ $ git commit --amend $ git rebase --onto HEAD bad mywork</pre><p>When you’re done, you’ll be left with mywork checked out, with the top patches on mywork reapplied on top of your modified commit. You can -then clean up with</p><pre class="literallayout">$ git tag -d bad</pre><p>Note that the immutable nature of git history means that you haven’t really +then clean up with</p><pre class="literallayout">$ git tag -d bad</pre><p>Note that the immutable nature of Git history means that you haven’t really "modified" existing commits; instead, you have replaced the old commits with new commits having new object names.</p></div><div class="section" title="Reordering or selecting from a patch series"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="reordering-patch-series"></a>Reordering or selecting from a patch series</h2></div></div></div><p>Given one existing commit, the <a class="ulink" href="git-cherry-pick.html" target="_top">git-cherry-pick(1)</a> command allows you to apply the change introduced by that commit and create a @@ -1095,7 +1095,7 @@ the old head; it treats this situation exactly the same as it would if two developers had independently done the work on the old and new heads in parallel. At this point, if someone attempts to merge the new head -in to their branch, git will attempt to merge together the two (old and +in to their branch, Git will attempt to merge together the two (old and new) lines of development, instead of trying to replace the old by the new. The results are likely to be unexpected.</p><p>You may still choose to publish branches whose history is rewritten, and it may be useful for others to be able to fetch those branches in @@ -1132,13 +1132,13 @@ line of development.</p><p>On the other hand, if instead of merging at C you had rebased the history between Z to B on top of A, you would have gotten this linear history:</p><pre class="literallayout"> ---Z---o---X--...---o---A---o---o---Y*--...---o---B*--D*</pre><p>Bisecting between Z and D* would hit a single culprit commit Y*, -and understanding why Y* was broken would probably be easier.</p><p>Partly for this reason, many experienced git users, even when +and understanding why Y* was broken would probably be easier.</p><p>Partly for this reason, many experienced Git users, even when working on an otherwise merge-heavy project, keep the history linear by rebasing against the latest upstream version before publishing.</p></div></div><div class="chapter" title="Chapter 6. Advanced branch management"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a name="advanced-branch-management"></a>Chapter 6. Advanced branch management</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fetching-individual-branches">Fetching individual branches</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fetch-fast-forwards">git fetch and fast-forwards</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#forcing-fetch">Forcing git fetch to do non-fast-forward updates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#remote-branch-configuration">Configuring remote-tracking branches</a></span></dt></dl></div><div class="section" title="Fetching individual branches"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="fetching-individual-branches"></a>Fetching individual branches</h2></div></div></div><p>Instead of using <a class="ulink" href="git-remote.html" target="_top">git-remote(1)</a>, you can also choose just to update one branch at a time, and to store it locally under an -arbitrary name:</p><pre class="literallayout">$ git fetch origin todo:my-todo-work</pre><p>The first argument, "origin", just tells git to fetch from the -repository you originally cloned from. The second argument tells git +arbitrary name:</p><pre class="literallayout">$ git fetch origin todo:my-todo-work</pre><p>The first argument, "origin", just tells Git to fetch from the +repository you originally cloned from. The second argument tells Git to fetch the branch named "todo" from the remote repository, and to store it locally under the name refs/heads/my-todo-work.</p><p>You can also fetch branches from other repositories; so</p><pre class="literallayout">$ git fetch git://example.com/proj.git master:example-master</pre><p>will create a new branch named "example-master" and store in it the branch named "master" from the repository at the given URL. If you @@ -1155,7 +1155,7 @@ realized she made a serious mistake, and decided to backtrack, resulting in a situation like:</p><pre class="literallayout"> o--o--o--o--a--b <-- old head of the branch \ - o--o--o <-- new head of the branch</pre><p>In this case, "git fetch" will fail, and print out a warning.</p><p>In that case, you can still force git to update to the new head, as + o--o--o <-- new head of the branch</pre><p>In this case, "git fetch" will fail, and print out a warning.</p><p>In that case, you can still force Git to update to the new head, as described in the following section. However, note that in the situation above this may mean losing the commits labeled "a" and "b", unless you’ve already created a reference of your own pointing to @@ -1164,7 +1164,7 @@ flag to force updates of all the fetched branches, as in:</p><pre class="literallayout">$ git fetch -f origin</pre><p>Be aware that commits that the old version of example/master pointed at may be lost, as we saw in the previous section.</p></div><div class="section" title="Configuring remote-tracking branches"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="remote-branch-configuration"></a>Configuring remote-tracking branches</h2></div></div></div><p>We saw above that "origin" is just a shortcut to refer to the repository that you originally cloned from. This information is -stored in git configuration variables, which you can see using +stored in Git configuration variables, which you can see using <a class="ulink" href="git-config.html" target="_top">git-config(1)</a>:</p><pre class="literallayout">$ git config -l core.repositoryformatversion=0 core.filemode=true @@ -1181,9 +1181,9 @@ throwing away commits on <span class="emphasis"><em>example/master</em></span>.</p><p>Also note that all of the above configuration can be performed by directly editing the file .git/config instead of using <a class="ulink" href="git-config.html" target="_top">git-config(1)</a>.</p><p>See <a class="ulink" href="git-config.html" target="_top">git-config(1)</a> for more details on the configuration -options mentioned above.</p></div></div><div class="chapter" title="Chapter 7. Git concepts"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a name="git-concepts"></a>Chapter 7. Git concepts</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#the-object-database">The Object Database</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#commit-object">Commit Object</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#tree-object">Tree Object</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#blob-object">Blob Object</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#trust">Trust</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#tag-object">Tag Object</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#pack-files">How git stores objects efficiently: pack files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#dangling-objects">Dangling objects</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#recovering-from-repository-corruption">Recovering from repository corruption</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#the-index">The index</a></span></dt></dl></div><p>Git is built on a small number of simple but powerful ideas. While it +options mentioned above.</p></div></div><div class="chapter" title="Chapter 7. Git concepts"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a name="git-concepts"></a>Chapter 7. Git concepts</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#the-object-database">The Object Database</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#commit-object">Commit Object</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#tree-object">Tree Object</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#blob-object">Blob Object</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#trust">Trust</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#tag-object">Tag Object</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#pack-files">How Git stores objects efficiently: pack files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#dangling-objects">Dangling objects</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#recovering-from-repository-corruption">Recovering from repository corruption</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#the-index">The index</a></span></dt></dl></div><p>Git is built on a small number of simple but powerful ideas. While it is possible to get things done without understanding them, you will find -git much more intuitive if you do.</p><p>We start with the most important, the <a class="link" href="#def_object_database">object database</a> and the <a class="link" href="#def_index">index</a>.</p><div class="section" title="The Object Database"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="the-object-database"></a>The Object Database</h2></div></div></div><p>We already saw in <a class="xref" href="#understanding-commits" title="Understanding History: Commits">the section called “Understanding History: Commits”</a> that all commits are stored +Git much more intuitive if you do.</p><p>We start with the most important, the <a class="link" href="#def_object_database">object database</a> and the <a class="link" href="#def_index">index</a>.</p><div class="section" title="The Object Database"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="the-object-database"></a>The Object Database</h2></div></div></div><p>We already saw in <a class="xref" href="#understanding-commits" title="Understanding History: Commits">the section called “Understanding History: Commits”</a> that all commits are stored under a 40-digit "object name". In fact, all the information needed to represent the history of a project is stored in objects with such names. In each case the name is calculated by taking the SHA-1 hash of the @@ -1256,7 +1256,7 @@ </li></ul></div><p>Note that a commit does not itself contain any information about what actually changed; all changes are calculated by comparing the contents of the tree referred to by this commit with the trees associated with -its parents. In particular, git does not attempt to record file renames +its parents. In particular, Git does not attempt to record file renames explicitly, though it can identify cases where the existence of the same file data at changing paths suggests a rename. (See, for example, the -M option to <a class="ulink" href="git-diff.html" target="_top">git-diff(1)</a>).</p><p>A commit is usually created by <a class="ulink" href="git-commit.html" target="_top">git-commit(1)</a>, which creates a @@ -1279,10 +1279,10 @@ and blobs, like all other objects, are named by the SHA-1 hash of their contents, two trees have the same SHA-1 name if and only if their contents (including, recursively, the contents of all subdirectories) -are identical. This allows git to quickly determine the differences +are identical. This allows Git to quickly determine the differences between two related tree objects, since it can ignore any entries with identical object names.</p><p>(Note: in the presence of submodules, trees may also have commits as -entries. See <a class="xref" href="#submodules" title="Chapter 8. Submodules">Chapter 8, <i>Submodules</i></a> for documentation.)</p><p>Note that the files all have mode 644 or 755: git actually only pays +entries. See <a class="xref" href="#submodules" title="Chapter 8. Submodules">Chapter 8, <i>Submodules</i></a> for documentation.)</p><p>Note that the files all have mode 644 or 755: Git actually only pays attention to the executable bit.</p></div><div class="section" title="Blob Object"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="blob-object"></a>Blob Object</h3></div></div></div><p>You can use <a class="ulink" href="git-show.html" target="_top">git-show(1)</a> to examine the contents of a blob; take, for example, the blob in the entry for "COPYING" from the tree above:</p><pre class="literallayout">$ git show 6ff87c4664 @@ -1313,7 +1313,7 @@ commits tells others that they can trust the whole history.</p><p>In other words, you can easily validate a whole archive by just sending out a single email that tells the people the name (SHA-1 hash) of the top commit, and digitally sign that email using something -like GPG/PGP.</p><p>To assist in this, git also provides the tag object…</p></div><div class="section" title="Tag Object"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="tag-object"></a>Tag Object</h3></div></div></div><p>A tag object contains an object, object type, tag name, the name of the +like GPG/PGP.</p><p>To assist in this, Git also provides the tag object…</p></div><div class="section" title="Tag Object"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="tag-object"></a>Tag Object</h3></div></div></div><p>A tag object contains an object, object type, tag name, the name of the person ("tagger") who created the tag, and a message, which may contain a signature, as can be seen using <a class="ulink" href="git-cat-file.html" target="_top">git-cat-file(1)</a>:</p><pre class="literallayout">$ git cat-file tag v1.5.0 object 437b1b20df4b356c9342dac8d38849f24ef44f27 @@ -1331,12 +1331,12 @@ -----END PGP SIGNATURE-----</pre><p>See the <a class="ulink" href="git-tag.html" target="_top">git-tag(1)</a> command to learn how to create and verify tag objects. (Note that <a class="ulink" href="git-tag.html" target="_top">git-tag(1)</a> can also be used to create "lightweight tags", which are not tag objects at all, but just simple -references whose names begin with "refs/tags/").</p></div><div class="section" title="How git stores objects efficiently: pack files"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="pack-files"></a>How git stores objects efficiently: pack files</h3></div></div></div><p>Newly created objects are initially created in a file named after the +references whose names begin with "refs/tags/").</p></div><div class="section" title="How Git stores objects efficiently: pack files"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="pack-files"></a>How Git stores objects efficiently: pack files</h3></div></div></div><p>Newly created objects are initially created in a file named after the object’s SHA-1 hash (stored in .git/objects).</p><p>Unfortunately this system becomes inefficient once a project has a lot of objects. Try this on an old project:</p><pre class="literallayout">$ git count-objects 6930 objects, 47620 kilobytes</pre><p>The first number is the number of objects which are kept in individual files. The second is the amount of space taken up by -those "loose" objects.</p><p>You can save space and make git faster by moving these loose objects in +those "loose" objects.</p><p>You can save space and make Git faster by moving these loose objects in to a "pack file", which stores a group of objects in an efficient compressed format; the details of how pack files are formatted can be found in <a class="ulink" href="technical/pack-format.txt" target="_top">technical/pack-format.txt</a>.</p><p>To put the loose objects into a pack, just run git repack:</p><pre class="literallayout">$ git repack @@ -1395,10 +1395,10 @@ Running it while somebody is actually changing the repository can cause confusing and scary messages, but it won’t actually do anything bad. In contrast, running "git prune" while somebody is actively changing the -repository is a <span class="strong"><strong>BAD</strong></span> idea).</p></div><div class="section" title="Recovering from repository corruption"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="recovering-from-repository-corruption"></a>Recovering from repository corruption</h3></div></div></div><p>By design, git treats data trusted to it with caution. However, even in -the absence of bugs in git itself, it is still possible that hardware or +repository is a <span class="strong"><strong>BAD</strong></span> idea).</p></div><div class="section" title="Recovering from repository corruption"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="recovering-from-repository-corruption"></a>Recovering from repository corruption</h3></div></div></div><p>By design, Git treats data trusted to it with caution. However, even in +the absence of bugs in Git itself, it is still possible that hardware or operating system errors could corrupt data.</p><p>The first defense against such problems is backups. You can back up a -git directory using clone, or just using cp, tar, or any other backup +Git directory using clone, or just using cp, tar, or any other backup mechanism.</p><p>As a last resort, you can search for the corrupted objects and attempt to replace them by hand. Back up your repository before attempting this in case you corrupt things even more in the process.</p><p>We’ll assume that the problem is a single missing or corrupted blob, @@ -1444,7 +1444,7 @@ You also know the commit messages that went with the change from oldsha to 4b9458b and with the change from 4b9458b to newsha.</p><p>If you’ve been committing small enough changes, you may now have a good shot at reconstructing the contents of the in-between state 4b9458b.</p><p>If you can do that, you can now recreate the missing object with</p><pre class="literallayout">$ git hash-object -w <recreated-file></pre><p>and your repository is good again!</p><p>(Btw, you could have ignored the fsck, and started with doing a</p><pre class="literallayout">$ git log --raw --all</pre><p>and just looked for the sha of the missing object (4b9458b..) in that -whole thing. It’s up to you - git does <span class="strong"><strong>have</strong></span> a lot of information, it is +whole thing. It’s up to you - Git does <span class="strong"><strong>have</strong></span> a lot of information, it is just missing one particular blob version.</p></div></div><div class="section" title="The index"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="the-index"></a>The index</h2></div></div></div><p>The index is a binary file (generally kept in .git/index) containing a sorted list of path names, each with permissions and the SHA-1 of a blob object; <a class="ulink" href="git-ls-files.html" target="_top">git-ls-files(1)</a> can show you the contents of the index:</p><pre class="literallayout">$ git ls-files --stage @@ -1470,7 +1470,7 @@ the last modified time). This data is not displayed above, and is not stored in the created tree object, but it can be used to determine quickly which files in the working directory differ from what was -stored in the index, and thus save git from having to read all of the +stored in the index, and thus save Git from having to read all of the data from such files to look for changes.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p class="simpara"> It can efficiently represent information about merge conflicts between different tree objects, allowing each pathname to be @@ -1590,9 +1590,9 @@ $ git submodule update error: pathspec '261dfac35cb99d380eb966e102c1197139f7fa24' did not match any file(s) known to git. Did you forget to 'git add'? -Unable to checkout '261dfac35cb99d380eb966e102c1197139f7fa24' in submodule path 'a'</pre><p>In older git versions it could be easily forgotten to commit new or modified +Unable to checkout '261dfac35cb99d380eb966e102c1197139f7fa24' in submodule path 'a'</pre><p>In older Git versions it could be easily forgotten to commit new or modified files in a submodule, which silently leads to similar problems as not pushing -the submodule changes. Starting with git 1.7.0 both "git status" and "git diff" +the submodule changes. Starting with Git 1.7.0 both "git status" and "git diff" in the superproject show submodules as modified when they contain new or modified files to protect against accidentally committing such a state. "git diff" will also add a "-dirty" to the work tree side when generating patch @@ -1616,9 +1616,9 @@ Submodule path 'a': checked out 'd266b9873ad50488163457f025db7cdd9683d88b' $ cd a $ cat a.txt -module a</pre><div class="note" title="Note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"><h3 class="title">Note</h3><p>The changes are still visible in the submodule’s reflog.</p></div><p>This is not the case if you did not commit your changes.</p></div></div><div class="chapter" title="Chapter 9. Low-level git operations"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a name="low-level-operations"></a>Chapter 9. Low-level git operations</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#object-manipulation">Object access and manipulation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#the-workflow">The Workflow</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#working-directory-to-index">working directory → index</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#index-to-object-database">index → object database</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#object-database-to-index">object database → index</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#index-to-working-directory">index → working directory</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#tying-it-all-together">Tying it all together</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#examining-the-data">Examining the data</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#merging-multiple-trees">Merging multiple trees</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#merging-multiple-trees-2">Merging multiple trees, continued</a></span></dt></dl></div><p>Many of the higher-level commands were originally implemented as shell -scripts using a smaller core of low-level git commands. These can still -be useful when doing unusual things with git, or just as a way to +module a</pre><div class="note" title="Note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"><h3 class="title">Note</h3><p>The changes are still visible in the submodule’s reflog.</p></div><p>This is not the case if you did not commit your changes.</p></div></div><div class="chapter" title="Chapter 9. Low-level Git operations"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a name="low-level-operations"></a>Chapter 9. Low-level Git operations</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#object-manipulation">Object access and manipulation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#the-workflow">The Workflow</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#working-directory-to-index">working directory → index</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#index-to-object-database">index → object database</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#object-database-to-index">object database → index</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#index-to-working-directory">index → working directory</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#tying-it-all-together">Tying it all together</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#examining-the-data">Examining the data</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#merging-multiple-trees">Merging multiple trees</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#merging-multiple-trees-2">Merging multiple trees, continued</a></span></dt></dl></div><p>Many of the higher-level commands were originally implemented as shell +scripts using a smaller core of low-level Git commands. These can still +be useful when doing unusual things with Git, or just as a way to understand its inner workings.</p><div class="section" title="Object access and manipulation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="object-manipulation"></a>Object access and manipulation</h2></div></div></div><p>The <a class="ulink" href="git-cat-file.html" target="_top">git-cat-file(1)</a> command can show the contents of any object, though the higher-level <a class="ulink" href="git-show.html" target="_top">git-show(1)</a> is usually more useful.</p><p>The <a class="ulink" href="git-commit-tree.html" target="_top">git-commit-tree(1)</a> command allows constructing commits with arbitrary parents and trees.</p><p>A tree can be created with <a class="ulink" href="git-write-tree.html" target="_top">git-write-tree(1)</a> and its data can be @@ -1629,7 +1629,7 @@ <a class="ulink" href="git-checkout.html" target="_top">git-checkout(1)</a> and <a class="ulink" href="git-reset.html" target="_top">git-reset(1)</a> work by moving data between the working tree, the index, and the object database. Git provides low-level operations which perform each of these steps -individually.</p><p>Generally, all "git" operations work on the index file. Some operations +individually.</p><p>Generally, all Git operations work on the index file. Some operations work <span class="strong"><strong>purely</strong></span> on the index file (showing the current state of the index), but most operations move data between the index file and either the database or the working directory. Thus there are four main @@ -1638,7 +1638,7 @@ index information by just specifying the filename you want to update, like so:</p><pre class="literallayout">$ git update-index filename</pre><p>but to avoid common mistakes with filename globbing etc, the command will not normally add totally new entries or remove old entries, -i.e. it will normally just update existing cache entries.</p><p>To tell git that yes, you really do realize that certain files no +i.e. it will normally just update existing cache entries.</p><p>To tell Git that yes, you really do realize that certain files no longer exist, or that new files should be added, you should use the <code class="literal">--remove</code> and <code class="literal">--add</code> flags respectively.</p><p>NOTE! A <code class="literal">--remove</code> flag does <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span> mean that subsequent filenames will necessarily be removed: if the files still exist in your directory @@ -1683,7 +1683,7 @@ state at the time of the commit, and a list of parents:</p><pre class="literallayout">$ git commit-tree <tree> -p <parent> [(-p <parent2>)...]</pre><p>and then giving the reason for the commit on stdin (either through redirection from a pipe or file, or by just typing it at the tty).</p><p><code class="literal">git commit-tree</code> will return the name of the object that represents that commit, and you should save it away for later use. Normally, -you’d commit a new <code class="literal">HEAD</code> state, and while git doesn’t care where you +you’d commit a new <code class="literal">HEAD</code> state, and while Git doesn’t care where you save the note about that state, in practice we tend to just write the result to the file pointed at by <code class="literal">.git/HEAD</code>, so that we can always see what the last committed state was.</p><p>Here is an ASCII art by Jon Loeliger that illustrates how @@ -1758,7 +1758,7 @@ 100644 06fa6a24256dc7e560efa5687fa84b51f0263c3a 2 hello.c 100644 cc44c73eb783565da5831b4d820c962954019b69 3 hello.c</pre><p>Each line of the <code class="literal">git ls-files --unmerged</code> output begins with the blob mode bits, blob SHA-1, <span class="emphasis"><em>stage number</em></span>, and the -filename. The <span class="emphasis"><em>stage number</em></span> is git’s way to say which tree it +filename. The <span class="emphasis"><em>stage number</em></span> is Git’s way to say which tree it came from: stage 1 corresponds to the <code class="literal">$orig</code> tree, stage 2 to the <code class="literal">HEAD</code> tree, and stage 3 to the <code class="literal">$target</code> tree.</p><p>Earlier we said that trivial merges are done inside <code class="literal">git read-tree -m</code>. For example, if the file did not change @@ -1768,21 +1768,21 @@ above example shows is that file <code class="literal">hello.c</code> was changed from <code class="literal">$orig</code> to <code class="literal">HEAD</code> and <code class="literal">$orig</code> to <code class="literal">$target</code> in a different way. You could resolve this by running your favorite 3-way merge -program, e.g. <code class="literal">diff3</code>, <code class="literal">merge</code>, or git’s own merge-file, on +program, e.g. <code class="literal">diff3</code>, <code class="literal">merge</code>, or Git’s own merge-file, on the blob objects from these three stages yourself, like this:</p><pre class="literallayout">$ git cat-file blob 263414f... >hello.c~1 $ git cat-file blob 06fa6a2... >hello.c~2 $ git cat-file blob cc44c73... >hello.c~3 $ git merge-file hello.c~2 hello.c~1 hello.c~3</pre><p>This would leave the merge result in <code class="literal">hello.c~2</code> file, along with conflict markers if there are conflicts. After verifying -the merge result makes sense, you can tell git what the final +the merge result makes sense, you can tell Git what the final merge result for this file is by:</p><pre class="literallayout">$ mv -f hello.c~2 hello.c $ git update-index hello.c</pre><p>When a path is in the "unmerged" state, running <code class="literal">git update-index</code> for -that path tells git to mark the path resolved.</p><p>The above is the description of a git merge at the lowest level, +that path tells Git to mark the path resolved.</p><p>The above is the description of a Git merge at the lowest level, to help you understand what conceptually happens under the hood. -In practice, nobody, not even git itself, runs <code class="literal">git cat-file</code> three times +In practice, nobody, not even Git itself, runs <code class="literal">git cat-file</code> three times for this. There is a <code class="literal">git merge-index</code> program that extracts the -stages to temporary files and calls a "merge" script on it:</p><pre class="literallayout">$ git merge-index git-merge-one-file hello.c</pre><p>and that is what higher level <code class="literal">git merge -s resolve</code> is implemented with.</p></div></div><div class="chapter" title="Chapter 10. Hacking git"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a name="hacking-git"></a>Chapter 10. Hacking git</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#object-details">Object storage format</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#birdview-on-the-source-code">A birds-eye view of Git’s source code</a></span></dt></dl></div><p>This chapter covers internal details of the git implementation which -probably only git developers need to understand.</p><div class="section" title="Object storage format"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="object-details"></a>Object storage format</h2></div></div></div><p>All objects have a statically determined "type" which identifies the +stages to temporary files and calls a "merge" script on it:</p><pre class="literallayout">$ git merge-index git-merge-one-file hello.c</pre><p>and that is what higher level <code class="literal">git merge -s resolve</code> is implemented with.</p></div></div><div class="chapter" title="Chapter 10. Hacking Git"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a name="hacking-git"></a>Chapter 10. Hacking Git</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#object-details">Object storage format</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#birdview-on-the-source-code">A birds-eye view of Git’s source code</a></span></dt></dl></div><p>This chapter covers internal details of the Git implementation which +probably only Git developers need to understand.</p><div class="section" title="Object storage format"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="object-details"></a>Object storage format</h2></div></div></div><p>All objects have a statically determined "type" which identifies the format of the object (i.e. how it is used, and how it can refer to other objects). There are currently four different object types: "blob", "tree", "commit", and "tag".</p><p>Regardless of object type, all objects share the following @@ -1792,7 +1792,7 @@ that is used to name the object is the hash of the original data plus this header, so <code class="literal">sha1sum</code> <span class="emphasis"><em>file</em></span> does not match the object name for <span class="emphasis"><em>file</em></span>. -(Historical note: in the dawn of the age of git the hash +(Historical note: in the dawn of the age of Git the hash was the SHA-1 of the <span class="emphasis"><em>compressed</em></span> object.)</p><p>As a result, the general consistency of an object can always be tested independently of the contents or the type of the object: all objects can be validated by verifying that (a) their hashes match the content of the @@ -1804,7 +1804,7 @@ of all objects, and verifies their internal consistency (in addition to just verifying their superficial consistency through the hash).</p></div><div class="section" title="A birds-eye view of Git’s source code"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="birdview-on-the-source-code"></a>A birds-eye view of Git’s source code</h2></div></div></div><p>It is not always easy for new developers to find their way through Git’s source code. This section gives you a little guidance to show where to -start.</p><p>A good place to start is with the contents of the initial commit, with:</p><pre class="literallayout">$ git checkout e83c5163</pre><p>The initial revision lays the foundation for almost everything git has +start.</p><p>A good place to start is with the contents of the initial commit, with:</p><pre class="literallayout">$ git checkout e83c5163</pre><p>The initial revision lays the foundation for almost everything Git has today, but is small enough to read in one sitting.</p><p>Note that terminology has changed since that revision. For example, the README in that revision uses the word "changeset" to describe what we now call a <a class="link" href="#def_commit_object">commit</a>.</p><p>Also, we do not call it "cache" any more, but rather "index"; however, the @@ -1890,7 +1890,7 @@ buf = read_object_with_reference(sha1, argv[1], &size, NULL);</pre><p>This is how you read a blob (actually, not only a blob, but any type of object). To know how the function <code class="literal">read_object_with_reference()</code> actually works, find the source code for it (something like <code class="literal">git grep -read_object_with | grep ":[a-z]"</code> in the git repository), and read +read_object_with | grep ":[a-z]"</code> in the Git repository), and read the source.</p><p>To find out how the result can be used, just read on in <code class="literal">cmd_cat_file()</code>:</p><pre class="literallayout"> write_or_die(1, buf, size);</pre><p>Sometimes, you do not know where to look for a feature. In many such cases, it helps to search through the output of <code class="literal">git log</code>, and then <code class="literal">git show</code> the corresponding commit.</p><p>Example: If you know that there was some test case for <code class="literal">git bundle</code>, but @@ -1911,7 +1911,7 @@ A bare repository is normally an appropriately named <a class="link" href="#def_directory">directory</a> with a <code class="literal">.git</code> suffix that does not have a locally checked-out copy of any of the files under - revision control. That is, all of the <code class="literal">git</code> + revision control. That is, all of the Git administrative and control files that would normally be present in the hidden <code class="literal">.git</code> sub-directory are directly present in the <code class="literal">repository.git</code> directory instead, @@ -1928,7 +1928,7 @@ <a class="link" href="#def_commit">commit</a> on a branch is referred to as the tip of that branch. The tip of the branch is referenced by a branch <a class="link" href="#def_head">head</a>, which moves forward as additional development - is done on the branch. A single git + is done on the branch. A single Git <a class="link" href="#def_repository">repository</a> can track an arbitrary number of branches, but your <a class="link" href="#def_working_tree">working tree</a> is associated with just one of them (the "current" or "checked out" @@ -1946,9 +1946,9 @@ </dd><dt><span class="term"> <a name="def_changeset"></a>changeset </span></dt><dd> - BitKeeper/cvsps speak for "<a class="link" href="#def_commit">commit</a>". Since git does not + BitKeeper/cvsps speak for "<a class="link" href="#def_commit">commit</a>". Since Git does not store changes, but states, it really does not make sense to use the term - "changesets" with git. + "changesets" with Git. </dd><dt><span class="term"> <a name="def_checkout"></a>checkout </span></dt><dd> @@ -1963,7 +1963,7 @@ </span></dt><dd> In <a class="link" href="#def_SCM">SCM</a> jargon, "cherry pick" means to choose a subset of changes out of a series of changes (typically commits) and record them - as a new series of changes on top of a different codebase. In GIT, this is + as a new series of changes on top of a different codebase. In Git, this is performed by the "git cherry-pick" command to extract the change introduced by an existing <a class="link" href="#def_commit">commit</a> and to record it based on the tip of the current <a class="link" href="#def_branch">branch</a> as a new commit. @@ -1977,13 +1977,13 @@ <a name="def_commit"></a>commit </span></dt><dd><p class="simpara"> As a noun: A single point in the - git history; the entire history of a project is represented as a + Git history; the entire history of a project is represented as a set of interrelated commits. The word "commit" is often - used by git in the same places other revision control systems + used by Git in the same places other revision control systems use the words "revision" or "version". Also used as a short hand for <a class="link" href="#def_commit_object">commit object</a>. </p><p class="simpara">As a verb: The action of storing a new snapshot of the project’s -state in the git history, by creating a new commit representing the current +state in the Git history, by creating a new commit representing the current state of the <a class="link" href="#def_index">index</a> and advancing <a class="link" href="#def_HEAD">HEAD</a> to point at the new commit.</p></dd><dt><span class="term"> <a name="def_commit_object"></a>commit object @@ -1994,9 +1994,9 @@ to the top <a class="link" href="#def_directory">directory</a> of the stored revision. </dd><dt><span class="term"> -<a name="def_core_git"></a>core git +<a name="def_core_git"></a>core Git </span></dt><dd> - Fundamental data structures and utilities of git. Exposes only limited + Fundamental data structures and utilities of Git. Exposes only limited source code management tools. </dd><dt><span class="term"> <a name="def_DAG"></a>DAG @@ -2016,7 +2016,7 @@ <a name="def_detached_HEAD"></a>detached HEAD </span></dt><dd> Normally the <a class="link" href="#def_HEAD">HEAD</a> stores the name of a - <a class="link" href="#def_branch">branch</a>. However, git also allows you to <a class="link" href="#def_checkout">check out</a> + <a class="link" href="#def_branch">branch</a>. However, Git also allows you to <a class="link" href="#def_checkout">check out</a> an arbitrary <a class="link" href="#def_commit">commit</a> that isn’t necessarily the tip of any particular branch. In this case HEAD is said to be "detached". </dd><dt><span class="term"> @@ -2066,25 +2066,30 @@ </dd><dt><span class="term"> <a name="def_file_system"></a>file system </span></dt><dd> - Linus Torvalds originally designed git to be a user space file system, + Linus Torvalds originally designed Git to be a user space file system, i.e. the infrastructure to hold files and directories. That ensured the - efficiency and speed of git. + efficiency and speed of Git. </dd><dt><span class="term"> -<a name="def_git_archive"></a>git archive +<a name="def_git_archive"></a>Git archive </span></dt><dd> Synonym for <a class="link" href="#def_repository">repository</a> (for arch people). </dd><dt><span class="term"> +<a name="def_gitfile"></a>gitfile +</span></dt><dd> + A plain file <code class="literal">.git</code> at the root of a working tree that + points at the directory that is the real repository. +</dd><dt><span class="term"> <a name="def_grafts"></a>grafts </span></dt><dd> Grafts enables two otherwise different lines of development to be joined together by recording fake ancestry information for commits. This way - you can make git pretend the set of <a class="link" href="#def_parent">parents</a> a <a class="link" href="#def_commit">commit</a> has + you can make Git pretend the set of <a class="link" href="#def_parent">parents</a> a <a class="link" href="#def_commit">commit</a> has is different from what was recorded when the commit was created. Configured via the <code class="literal">.git/info/grafts</code> file. </dd><dt><span class="term"> <a name="def_hash"></a>hash </span></dt><dd> - In git’s context, synonym to <a class="link" href="#def_object_name">object name</a>. + In Git’s context, synonym to <a class="link" href="#def_object_name">object name</a>. </dd><dt><span class="term"> <a name="def_head"></a>head </span></dt><dd> @@ -2107,14 +2112,14 @@ </dd><dt><span class="term"> <a name="def_hook"></a>hook </span></dt><dd> - During the normal execution of several git commands, call-outs are made + During the normal execution of several Git commands, call-outs are made to optional scripts that allow a developer to add functionality or checking. Typically, the hooks allow for a command to be pre-verified and potentially aborted, and allow for a post-notification after the operation is done. The hook scripts are found in the <code class="literal">$GIT_DIR/hooks/</code> directory, and are enabled by simply removing the <code class="literal">.sample</code> suffix from the filename. In earlier versions - of git you had to make them executable. + of Git you had to make them executable. </dd><dt><span class="term"> <a name="def_index"></a>index </span></dt><dd> @@ -2134,7 +2139,7 @@ <a name="def_master"></a>master </span></dt><dd> The default development <a class="link" href="#def_branch">branch</a>. Whenever you - create a git <a class="link" href="#def_repository">repository</a>, a branch named + create a Git <a class="link" href="#def_repository">repository</a>, a branch named "master" is created, and becomes the active branch. In most cases, this contains the local development, though that is purely by convention and is not required. @@ -2161,7 +2166,7 @@ "merge".</p></dd><dt><span class="term"> <a name="def_object"></a>object </span></dt><dd> - The unit of storage in git. It is uniquely identified by the + The unit of storage in Git. It is uniquely identified by the <a class="link" href="#def_SHA1">SHA1</a> of its contents. Consequently, an object can not be changed. </dd><dt><span class="term"> @@ -2254,7 +2259,7 @@ the command from inside a subdirectory. </dd></dl></div><p class="simpara">Currently only the slash <code class="literal">/</code> is recognized as the "magic signature", but it is envisioned that we will support more types of magic in later -versions of git.</p><p class="simpara">A pathspec with only a colon means "there is no pathspec". This form +versions of Git.</p><p class="simpara">A pathspec with only a colon means "there is no pathspec". This form should not be combined with other pathspec.</p></dd><dt><span class="term"> <a name="def_parent"></a>parent </span></dt><dd> @@ -2272,13 +2277,13 @@ </dd><dt><span class="term"> <a name="def_plumbing"></a>plumbing </span></dt><dd> - Cute name for <a class="link" href="#def_core_git">core git</a>. + Cute name for <a class="link" href="#def_core_git">core Git</a>. </dd><dt><span class="term"> <a name="def_porcelain"></a>porcelain </span></dt><dd> Cute name for programs and program suites depending on - <a class="link" href="#def_core_git">core git</a>, presenting a high level access to - core git. Porcelains expose more of a <a class="link" href="#def_SCM">SCM</a> + <a class="link" href="#def_core_git">core Git</a>, presenting a high level access to + core Git. Porcelains expose more of a <a class="link" href="#def_SCM">SCM</a> interface than the <a class="link" href="#def_plumbing">plumbing</a>. </dd><dt><span class="term"> <a name="def_pull"></a>pull @@ -2346,7 +2351,7 @@ </dd><dt><span class="term"> <a name="def_remote_tracking_branch"></a>remote-tracking branch </span></dt><dd> - A regular git <a class="link" href="#def_branch">branch</a> that is used to follow changes from + A regular Git <a class="link" href="#def_branch">branch</a> that is used to follow changes from another <a class="link" href="#def_repository">repository</a>. A remote-tracking branch should not contain direct modifications or have local commits made to it. A remote-tracking branch can usually be @@ -2390,7 +2395,7 @@ </span></dt><dd> A shallow <a class="link" href="#def_repository">repository</a> has an incomplete history some of whose <a class="link" href="#def_commit">commits</a> have <a class="link" href="#def_parent">parents</a> cauterized away (in other - words, git is told to pretend that these commits do not have the + words, Git is told to pretend that these commits do not have the parents, even though they are recorded in the <a class="link" href="#def_commit_object">commit object</a>). This is sometimes useful when you are interested only in the recent history of a project even though the real history recorded in the upstream is much larger. A shallow repository @@ -2412,9 +2417,9 @@ object of an arbitrary type (typically a tag points to either a <a class="link" href="#def_tag_object">tag</a> or a <a class="link" href="#def_commit_object">commit object</a>). In contrast to a <a class="link" href="#def_head">head</a>, a tag is not updated by - the <code class="literal">commit</code> command. A git tag has nothing to do with a Lisp + the <code class="literal">commit</code> command. A Git tag has nothing to do with a Lisp tag (which would be called an <a class="link" href="#def_object_type">object type</a> - in git’s context). A tag is most typically used to mark a particular + in Git’s context). A tag is most typically used to mark a particular point in the commit ancestry <a class="link" href="#def_chain">chain</a>. </dd><dt><span class="term"> <a name="def_tag_object"></a>tag object @@ -2426,7 +2431,7 @@ </dd><dt><span class="term"> <a name="def_topic_branch"></a>topic branch </span></dt><dd> - A regular git <a class="link" href="#def_branch">branch</a> that is used by a developer to + A regular Git <a class="link" href="#def_branch">branch</a> that is used by a developer to identify a conceptual line of development. Since branches are very easy and inexpensive, it is often desirable to have several small branches that each contain very well defined concepts or small incremental yet @@ -2524,7 +2529,7 @@ # test here, then: $ git bisect good # if this revision is good, or $ git bisect bad # if this revision is bad. - # repeat until done.</pre></div><div class="section" title="Making changes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="making-changes"></a>Making changes</h2></div></div></div><p>Make sure git knows who to blame:</p><pre class="literallayout">$ cat >>~/.gitconfig <<\EOF + # repeat until done.</pre></div><div class="section" title="Making changes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="making-changes"></a>Making changes</h2></div></div></div><p>Make sure Git knows who to blame:</p><pre class="literallayout">$ cat >>~/.gitconfig <<\EOF [user] name = Your Name Comes Here email = you@yourdomain.example.com @@ -2538,14 +2543,14 @@ # fetch and merge in remote branch $ git pull . test # equivalent to git merge test</pre></div><div class="section" title="Sharing your changes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="sharing-your-changes"></a>Sharing your changes</h2></div></div></div><p>Importing or exporting patches:</p><pre class="literallayout">$ git format-patch origin..HEAD # format a patch for each commit # in HEAD but not in origin -$ git am mbox # import patches from the mailbox "mbox"</pre><p>Fetch a branch in a different git repository, then merge into the +$ git am mbox # import patches from the mailbox "mbox"</pre><p>Fetch a branch in a different Git repository, then merge into the current branch:</p><pre class="literallayout">$ git pull git://example.com/project.git theirbranch</pre><p>Store the fetched branch into a local branch before merging into the current branch:</p><pre class="literallayout">$ git pull git://example.com/project.git theirbranch:mybranch</pre><p>After creating commits on a local branch, update the remote branch with your commits:</p><pre class="literallayout">$ git push ssh://example.com/project.git mybranch:theirbranch</pre><p>When remote and local branch are both named "test":</p><pre class="literallayout">$ git push ssh://example.com/project.git test</pre><p>Shortcut version for a frequently used remote repository:</p><pre class="literallayout">$ git remote add example ssh://example.com/project.git $ git push example test</pre></div><div class="section" title="Repository maintenance"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="repository-maintenance"></a>Repository maintenance</h2></div></div></div><p>Check for corruption:</p><pre class="literallayout">$ git fsck</pre><p>Recompress, remove unused cruft:</p><pre class="literallayout">$ git gc</pre></div></div><div class="appendix" title="Appendix B. Notes and todo list for this manual"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a name="todo"></a>Appendix B. Notes and todo list for this manual</h2></div></div></div><p>This is a work in progress.</p><p>The basic requirements:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc"><li class="listitem"> It must be readable in order, from beginning to end, by someone intelligent with a basic grasp of the UNIX command line, but without - any special knowledge of git. If necessary, any other prerequisites + any special knowledge of Git. If necessary, any other prerequisites should be specifically mentioned as they arise. </li><li class="listitem"> Whenever possible, section headings should clearly describe the task diff --git a/user-manual.txt b/user-manual.txt index 1b377dc..5077e7c 100644 --- a/user-manual.txt +++ b/user-manual.txt
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ Git is a fast distributed revision control system. This manual is designed to be readable by someone with basic UNIX -command-line skills, but no previous knowledge of git. +command-line skills, but no previous knowledge of Git. <<repositories-and-branches>> and <<exploring-git-history>> explain how to fetch and study a project using git--read these chapters to learn how @@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ With the latter, you can use the manual viewer of your choice; see linkgit:git-help[1] for more information. -See also <<git-quick-start>> for a brief overview of git commands, +See also <<git-quick-start>> for a brief overview of Git commands, without any explanation. Finally, see <<todo>> for ways that you can help make this manual more @@ -46,10 +46,10 @@ ========================= [[how-to-get-a-git-repository]] -How to get a git repository +How to get a Git repository --------------------------- -It will be useful to have a git repository to experiment with as you +It will be useful to have a Git repository to experiment with as you read this manual. The best way to get one is by using the linkgit:git-clone[1] command to @@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ project in mind, here are some interesting examples: ------------------------------------------------ - # git itself (approx. 10MB download): + # Git itself (approx. 10MB download): $ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/git/git.git # the Linux kernel (approx. 150MB download): $ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6.git @@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ Git is best thought of as a tool for storing the history of a collection of files. It stores the history as a compressed collection of -interrelated snapshots of the project's contents. In git each such +interrelated snapshots of the project's contents. In Git each such version is called a <<def_commit,commit>>. Those snapshots aren't necessarily all arranged in a single line from @@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ parallel lines of development, called <<def_branch,branches>>, which may merge and diverge. -A single git repository can track development on multiple branches. It +A single Git repository can track development on multiple branches. It does this by keeping a list of <<def_head,heads>> which reference the latest commit on each branch; the linkgit:git-branch[1] command shows you the list of branch heads: @@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ contents of the commit, you are guaranteed that the commit can never change without its name also changing. -In fact, in <<git-concepts>> we shall see that everything stored in git +In fact, in <<git-concepts>> we shall see that everything stored in Git history, including file data and directory contents, is stored in an object with a name that is a hash of its contents. @@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ Following the chain of parents will eventually take you back to the beginning of the project. -However, the commits do not form a simple list; git allows lines of +However, the commits do not form a simple list; Git allows lines of development to diverge and then reconverge, and the point where two lines of development reconverge is called a "merge". The commit representing a merge can therefore have more than one parent, with @@ -219,8 +219,8 @@ of development leading to that point. The best way to see how this works is using the linkgit:gitk[1] -command; running gitk now on a git repository and looking for merge -commits will help understand how the git organizes history. +command; running gitk now on a Git repository and looking for merge +commits will help understand how the Git organizes history. In the following, we say that commit X is "reachable" from commit Y if commit X is an ancestor of commit Y. Equivalently, you could say @@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ Understanding history: History diagrams ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -We will sometimes represent git history using diagrams like the one +We will sometimes represent Git history using diagrams like the one below. Commits are shown as "o", and the links between them with lines drawn with - / and \. Time goes left to right: @@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ even if the branch points to a commit not reachable from the current branch, you may know that that commit is still reachable from some other branch or tag. In that - case it is safe to use this command to force git to delete + case it is safe to use this command to force Git to delete the branch. git checkout <branch>:: make the current branch <branch>, updating the working @@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ check it out. The special symbol "HEAD" can always be used to refer to the current -branch. In fact, git uses a file named "HEAD" in the .git directory to +branch. In fact, Git uses a file named "HEAD" in the .git directory to remember which branch is current: ------------------------------------------------ @@ -377,7 +377,7 @@ You can also check out "origin/todo" directly to examine it or write a one-off patch. See <<detached-head,detached head>>. -Note that the name "origin" is just the name that git uses by default +Note that the name "origin" is just the name that Git uses by default to refer to the repository that you cloned from. [[how-git-stores-references]] @@ -405,7 +405,7 @@ to just using the name of that repository. So, for example, "origin" is usually a shortcut for the HEAD branch in the repository "origin". -For the complete list of paths which git checks for references, and +For the complete list of paths which Git checks for references, and the order it uses to decide which to choose when there are multiple references with the same shorthand name, see the "SPECIFYING REVISIONS" section of linkgit:gitrevisions[7]. @@ -449,7 +449,7 @@ If you run "git fetch <remote>" later, the remote-tracking branches for the named <remote> will be updated. -If you examine the file .git/config, you will see that git has added +If you examine the file .git/config, you will see that Git has added a new stanza: ------------------------------------------------- @@ -461,13 +461,13 @@ ... ------------------------------------------------- -This is what causes git to track the remote's branches; you may modify +This is what causes Git to track the remote's branches; you may modify or delete these configuration options by editing .git/config with a text editor. (See the "CONFIGURATION FILE" section of linkgit:git-config[1] for details.) [[exploring-git-history]] -Exploring git history +Exploring Git history ===================== Git is best thought of as a tool for storing the history of a @@ -499,7 +499,7 @@ [65934a9a028b88e83e2b0f8b36618fe503349f8e] BLOCK: Make USB storage depend on SCSI rather than selecting it [try #6] ------------------------------------------------- -If you run "git branch" at this point, you'll see that git has +If you run "git branch" at this point, you'll see that Git has temporarily moved you in "(no branch)". HEAD is now detached from any branch and points directly to a commit (with commit id 65934...) that is reachable from "master" but not from v2.6.18. Compile and test it, @@ -511,7 +511,7 @@ [7eff82c8b1511017ae605f0c99ac275a7e21b867] i2c-core: Drop useless bitmaskings ------------------------------------------------- -checks out an older version. Continue like this, telling git at each +checks out an older version. Continue like this, telling Git at each stage whether the version it gives you is good or bad, and notice that the number of revisions left to test is cut approximately in half each time. @@ -549,14 +549,14 @@ continue. Instead of "git bisect visualize" and then "git reset --hard -fb47ddb2db...", you might just want to tell git that you want to skip +fb47ddb2db...", you might just want to tell Git that you want to skip the current commit: ------------------------------------------------- $ git bisect skip ------------------------------------------------- -In this case, though, git may not eventually be able to tell the first +In this case, though, Git may not eventually be able to tell the first bad one between some first skipped commits and a later bad commit. There are also ways to automate the bisecting process if you have a @@ -685,7 +685,7 @@ display options. Note that git log starts with the most recent commit and works -backwards through the parents; however, since git history can contain +backwards through the parents; however, since Git history can contain multiple independent lines of development, the particular order that commits are listed in may be somewhat arbitrary. @@ -732,7 +732,7 @@ ------------------------------------------------- Before the colon may be anything that names a commit, and after it -may be any path to a file tracked by git. +may be any path to a file tracked by Git. [[history-examples]] Examples @@ -984,14 +984,14 @@ linkgit:git-hash-object[1] man pages may prove helpful. [[Developing-With-git]] -Developing with git +Developing with Git =================== [[telling-git-your-name]] -Telling git your name +Telling Git your name --------------------- -Before creating any commits, you should introduce yourself to git. The +Before creating any commits, you should introduce yourself to Git. The easiest way to do so is to make sure the following lines appear in a file named .gitconfig in your home directory: @@ -1035,13 +1035,13 @@ 1. Making some changes to the working directory using your favorite editor. - 2. Telling git about your changes. - 3. Creating the commit using the content you told git about + 2. Telling Git about your changes. + 3. Creating the commit using the content you told Git about in step 2. In practice, you can interleave and repeat steps 1 and 2 as many times as you want: in order to keep track of what you want committed -at step 3, git maintains a snapshot of the tree's contents in a +at step 3, Git maintains a snapshot of the tree's contents in a special staging area called "the index." At the beginning, the content of the index will be identical to @@ -1094,7 +1094,7 @@ $ git commit ------------------------------------------------- -and git will prompt you for a commit message and then create the new +and Git will prompt you for a commit message and then create the new commit. Check to make sure it looks like what you expected with ------------------------------------------------- @@ -1138,7 +1138,7 @@ change, followed by a blank line and then a more thorough description. The text up to the first blank line in a commit message is treated as the commit title, and that title is used -throughout git. For example, linkgit:git-format-patch[1] turns a +throughout Git. For example, linkgit:git-format-patch[1] turns a commit into email, and it uses the title on the Subject line and the rest of the commit in the body. @@ -1147,15 +1147,15 @@ Ignoring files -------------- -A project will often generate files that you do 'not' want to track with git. +A project will often generate files that you do 'not' want to track with Git. This typically includes files generated by a build process or temporary -backup files made by your editor. Of course, 'not' tracking files with git +backup files made by your editor. Of course, 'not' tracking files with Git is just a matter of 'not' calling `git add` on them. But it quickly becomes annoying to have these untracked files lying around; e.g. they make `git add .` practically useless, and they keep showing up in the output of `git status`. -You can tell git to ignore certain files by creating a file called .gitignore +You can tell Git to ignore certain files by creating a file called .gitignore in the top level of your working directory, with contents such as: ------------------------------------------------- @@ -1181,7 +1181,7 @@ If you wish the exclude patterns to affect only certain repositories (instead of every repository for a given project), you may instead put them in a file in your repository named .git/info/exclude, or in any file -specified by the `core.excludesfile` configuration variable. Some git +specified by the `core.excludesfile` configuration variable. Some Git commands can also take exclude patterns directly on the command line. See linkgit:gitignore[5] for the details. @@ -1227,7 +1227,7 @@ Conflict markers are left in the problematic files, and after you resolve the conflicts manually, you can update the index -with the contents and run git commit, as you normally would when +with the contents and run Git commit, as you normally would when creating a new file. If you examine the resulting commit using gitk, you will see that it @@ -1238,7 +1238,7 @@ Resolving a merge ----------------- -When a merge isn't resolved automatically, git leaves the index and +When a merge isn't resolved automatically, Git leaves the index and the working tree in a special state that gives you all the information you need to help resolve the merge. @@ -1274,14 +1274,14 @@ default message unchanged, but you may add additional commentary of your own if desired. -The above is all you need to know to resolve a simple merge. But git +The above is all you need to know to resolve a simple merge. But Git also provides more information to help resolve conflicts: [[conflict-resolution]] Getting conflict-resolution help during a merge ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -All of the changes that git was able to merge automatically are +All of the changes that Git was able to merge automatically are already added to the index file, so linkgit:git-diff[1] shows only the conflicts. It uses an unusual syntax: @@ -1413,7 +1413,7 @@ were merged. However, if the current branch is a descendant of the other--so every -commit present in the one is already contained in the other--then git +commit present in the one is already contained in the other--then Git just performs a "fast-forward"; the head of the current branch is moved forward to point at the head of the merged-in branch, without any new commits being created. @@ -1439,7 +1439,7 @@ 2. You can go back and modify the old commit. You should never do this if you have already made the history public; - git does not normally expect the "history" of a project to + Git does not normally expect the "history" of a project to change, and cannot correctly perform repeated merges from a branch that has had its history changed. @@ -1464,7 +1464,7 @@ $ git revert HEAD^ ------------------------------------------------- -In this case git will attempt to undo the old change while leaving +In this case Git will attempt to undo the old change while leaving intact any changes made since then. If more recent changes overlap with the changes to be reverted, then you will be asked to fix conflicts manually, just as in the case of <<resolving-a-merge, @@ -1561,7 +1561,7 @@ Ensuring good performance ------------------------- -On large repositories, git depends on compression to keep the history +On large repositories, Git depends on compression to keep the history information from taking up too much space on disk or in memory. This compression is not performed automatically. Therefore you @@ -1618,7 +1618,7 @@ realize that the branch was the only reference you had to that point in history. -Fortunately, git also keeps a log, called a "reflog", of all the +Fortunately, Git also keeps a log, called a "reflog", of all the previous values of each branch. So in this case you can still find the old history using, for example, @@ -1627,7 +1627,7 @@ ------------------------------------------------- This lists the commits reachable from the previous version of the -"master" branch head. This syntax can be used with any git command +"master" branch head. This syntax can be used with any Git command that accepts a commit, not just with git log. Some other examples: ------------------------------------------------- @@ -1653,7 +1653,7 @@ how to control this pruning, and see the "SPECIFYING REVISIONS" section of linkgit:gitrevisions[7] for details. -Note that the reflog history is very different from normal git history. +Note that the reflog history is very different from normal Git history. While normal history is shared by every repository that works on the same project, the reflog history is not shared: it tells you only about how the branches in your local repository have changed over time. @@ -1816,7 +1816,7 @@ Git will apply each patch in order; if any conflicts are found, it will stop, and you can fix the conflicts as described in "<<resolving-a-merge,Resolving a merge>>". (The "-3" option tells -git to perform a merge; if you would prefer it just to abort and +Git to perform a merge; if you would prefer it just to abort and leave your tree and index untouched, you may omit that option.) Once the index is updated with the results of the conflict @@ -1826,7 +1826,7 @@ $ git am --resolved ------------------------------------------------- -and git will create the commit for you and continue applying the +and Git will create the commit for you and continue applying the remaining patches from the mailbox. The final result will be a series of commits, one for each patch in @@ -1834,7 +1834,7 @@ taken from the message containing each patch. [[public-repositories]] -Public git repositories +Public Git repositories ----------------------- Another way to submit changes to a project is to tell the maintainer @@ -1909,7 +1909,7 @@ convenient. [[exporting-via-git]] -Exporting a git repository via the git protocol +Exporting a Git repository via the Git protocol ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ This is the preferred method. @@ -1922,7 +1922,7 @@ Otherwise, all you need to do is start linkgit:git-daemon[1]; it will listen on port 9418. By default, it will allow access to any directory -that looks like a git directory and contains the magic file +that looks like a Git directory and contains the magic file git-daemon-export-ok. Passing some directory paths as `git daemon` arguments will further restrict the exports to those paths. @@ -1931,13 +1931,13 @@ examples section.) [[exporting-via-http]] -Exporting a git repository via http +Exporting a Git repository via http ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -The git protocol gives better performance and reliability, but on a +The Git protocol gives better performance and reliability, but on a host with a web server set up, http exports may be simpler to set up. -All you need to do is place the newly created bare git repository in +All you need to do is place the newly created bare Git repository in a directory that is exported by the web server, and make some adjustments to give web clients some extra information they need: @@ -2073,9 +2073,9 @@ linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7] for instructions on how to set this up. -However, while there is nothing wrong with git's support for shared +However, while there is nothing wrong with Git's support for shared repositories, this mode of operation is not generally recommended, -simply because the mode of collaboration that git supports--by +simply because the mode of collaboration that Git supports--by exchanging patches and pulling from public repositories--has so many advantages over the central shared repository: @@ -2099,8 +2099,8 @@ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The gitweb cgi script provides users an easy way to browse your -project's files and history without having to install git; see the file -gitweb/INSTALL in the git source tree for instructions on setting it up. +project's files and history without having to install Git; see the file +gitweb/INSTALL in the Git source tree for instructions on setting it up. [[sharing-development-examples]] Examples @@ -2110,7 +2110,7 @@ Maintaining topic branches for a Linux subsystem maintainer ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -This describes how Tony Luck uses git in his role as maintainer of the +This describes how Tony Luck uses Git in his role as maintainer of the IA64 architecture for the Linux kernel. He uses two public branches: @@ -2160,7 +2160,7 @@ Important note! If you have any local changes in these branches, then this merge will create a commit object in the history (with no local -changes git will simply do a "fast-forward" merge). Many people dislike +changes Git will simply do a "fast-forward" merge). Many people dislike the "noise" that this creates in the Linux history, so you should avoid doing this capriciously in the "release" branch, as these noisy commits will become part of the permanent history when you ask Linus to pull @@ -2299,7 +2299,7 @@ ------------------------------------------------- ==== update script ==== -# Update a branch in my GIT tree. If the branch to be updated +# Update a branch in my Git tree. If the branch to be updated # is origin, then pull from kernel.org. Otherwise merge # origin/master branch into test|release branch @@ -2357,7 +2357,7 @@ ------------------------------------------------- ==== status script ==== -# report on status of my ia64 GIT tree +# report on status of my ia64 Git tree gb=$(tput setab 2) rb=$(tput setab 1) @@ -2413,7 +2413,7 @@ Normally commits are only added to a project, never taken away or replaced. Git is designed with this assumption, and violating it will -cause git's merge machinery (for example) to do the wrong thing. +cause Git's merge machinery (for example) to do the wrong thing. However, there is a situation in which it can be useful to violate this assumption. @@ -2524,7 +2524,7 @@ $ git rebase --continue ------------------------------------------------- -and git will continue applying the rest of the patches. +and Git will continue applying the rest of the patches. At any point you may use the `--abort` option to abort this process and return mywork to the state it had before you started the rebase: @@ -2577,7 +2577,7 @@ $ git tag -d bad ------------------------------------------------- -Note that the immutable nature of git history means that you haven't really +Note that the immutable nature of Git history means that you haven't really "modified" existing commits; instead, you have replaced the old commits with new commits having new object names. @@ -2658,7 +2658,7 @@ the old head; it treats this situation exactly the same as it would if two developers had independently done the work on the old and new heads in parallel. At this point, if someone attempts to merge the new head -in to their branch, git will attempt to merge together the two (old and +in to their branch, Git will attempt to merge together the two (old and new) lines of development, instead of trying to replace the old by the new. The results are likely to be unexpected. @@ -2731,7 +2731,7 @@ Bisecting between Z and D* would hit a single culprit commit Y*, and understanding why Y* was broken would probably be easier. -Partly for this reason, many experienced git users, even when +Partly for this reason, many experienced Git users, even when working on an otherwise merge-heavy project, keep the history linear by rebasing against the latest upstream version before publishing. @@ -2752,8 +2752,8 @@ $ git fetch origin todo:my-todo-work ------------------------------------------------- -The first argument, "origin", just tells git to fetch from the -repository you originally cloned from. The second argument tells git +The first argument, "origin", just tells Git to fetch from the +repository you originally cloned from. The second argument tells Git to fetch the branch named "todo" from the remote repository, and to store it locally under the name refs/heads/my-todo-work. @@ -2801,7 +2801,7 @@ In this case, "git fetch" will fail, and print out a warning. -In that case, you can still force git to update to the new head, as +In that case, you can still force Git to update to the new head, as described in the following section. However, note that in the situation above this may mean losing the commits labeled "a" and "b", unless you've already created a reference of your own pointing to @@ -2834,7 +2834,7 @@ We saw above that "origin" is just a shortcut to refer to the repository that you originally cloned from. This information is -stored in git configuration variables, which you can see using +stored in Git configuration variables, which you can see using linkgit:git-config[1]: ------------------------------------------------- @@ -2900,7 +2900,7 @@ Git is built on a small number of simple but powerful ideas. While it is possible to get things done without understanding them, you will find -git much more intuitive if you do. +Git much more intuitive if you do. We start with the most important, the <<def_object_database,object database>> and the <<def_index,index>>. @@ -2994,7 +2994,7 @@ Note that a commit does not itself contain any information about what actually changed; all changes are calculated by comparing the contents of the tree referred to by this commit with the trees associated with -its parents. In particular, git does not attempt to record file renames +its parents. In particular, Git does not attempt to record file renames explicitly, though it can identify cases where the existence of the same file data at changing paths suggests a rename. (See, for example, the -M option to linkgit:git-diff[1]). @@ -3033,14 +3033,14 @@ and blobs, like all other objects, are named by the SHA-1 hash of their contents, two trees have the same SHA-1 name if and only if their contents (including, recursively, the contents of all subdirectories) -are identical. This allows git to quickly determine the differences +are identical. This allows Git to quickly determine the differences between two related tree objects, since it can ignore any entries with identical object names. (Note: in the presence of submodules, trees may also have commits as entries. See <<submodules>> for documentation.) -Note that the files all have mode 644 or 755: git actually only pays +Note that the files all have mode 644 or 755: Git actually only pays attention to the executable bit. [[blob-object]] @@ -3101,7 +3101,7 @@ of the top commit, and digitally sign that email using something like GPG/PGP. -To assist in this, git also provides the tag object... +To assist in this, Git also provides the tag object... [[tag-object]] Tag Object @@ -3134,7 +3134,7 @@ references whose names begin with "refs/tags/"). [[pack-files]] -How git stores objects efficiently: pack files +How Git stores objects efficiently: pack files ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Newly created objects are initially created in a file named after the @@ -3152,7 +3152,7 @@ individual files. The second is the amount of space taken up by those "loose" objects. -You can save space and make git faster by moving these loose objects in +You can save space and make Git faster by moving these loose objects in to a "pack file", which stores a group of objects in an efficient compressed format; the details of how pack files are formatted can be found in link:technical/pack-format.txt[technical/pack-format.txt]. @@ -3285,12 +3285,12 @@ Recovering from repository corruption ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -By design, git treats data trusted to it with caution. However, even in -the absence of bugs in git itself, it is still possible that hardware or +By design, Git treats data trusted to it with caution. However, even in +the absence of bugs in Git itself, it is still possible that hardware or operating system errors could corrupt data. The first defense against such problems is backups. You can back up a -git directory using clone, or just using cp, tar, or any other backup +Git directory using clone, or just using cp, tar, or any other backup mechanism. As a last resort, you can search for the corrupted objects and attempt @@ -3396,7 +3396,7 @@ ------------------------------------------------ and just looked for the sha of the missing object (4b9458b..) in that -whole thing. It's up to you - git does *have* a lot of information, it is +whole thing. It's up to you - Git does *have* a lot of information, it is just missing one particular blob version. [[the-index]] @@ -3438,7 +3438,7 @@ the last modified time). This data is not displayed above, and is not stored in the created tree object, but it can be used to determine quickly which files in the working directory differ from what was -stored in the index, and thus save git from having to read all of the +stored in the index, and thus save Git from having to read all of the data from such files to look for changes. 3. It can efficiently represent information about merge conflicts @@ -3669,9 +3669,9 @@ Unable to checkout '261dfac35cb99d380eb966e102c1197139f7fa24' in submodule path 'a' ------------------------------------------------- -In older git versions it could be easily forgotten to commit new or modified +In older Git versions it could be easily forgotten to commit new or modified files in a submodule, which silently leads to similar problems as not pushing -the submodule changes. Starting with git 1.7.0 both "git status" and "git diff" +the submodule changes. Starting with Git 1.7.0 both "git status" and "git diff" in the superproject show submodules as modified when they contain new or modified files to protect against accidentally committing such a state. "git diff" will also add a "-dirty" to the work tree side when generating patch @@ -3714,12 +3714,12 @@ This is not the case if you did not commit your changes. [[low-level-operations]] -Low-level git operations +Low-level Git operations ======================== Many of the higher-level commands were originally implemented as shell -scripts using a smaller core of low-level git commands. These can still -be useful when doing unusual things with git, or just as a way to +scripts using a smaller core of low-level Git commands. These can still +be useful when doing unusual things with Git, or just as a way to understand its inner workings. [[object-manipulation]] @@ -3750,7 +3750,7 @@ provides low-level operations which perform each of these steps individually. -Generally, all "git" operations work on the index file. Some operations +Generally, all Git operations work on the index file. Some operations work *purely* on the index file (showing the current state of the index), but most operations move data between the index file and either the database or the working directory. Thus there are four main @@ -3773,7 +3773,7 @@ will not normally add totally new entries or remove old entries, i.e. it will normally just update existing cache entries. -To tell git that yes, you really do realize that certain files no +To tell Git that yes, you really do realize that certain files no longer exist, or that new files should be added, you should use the `--remove` and `--add` flags respectively. @@ -3887,7 +3887,7 @@ `git commit-tree` will return the name of the object that represents that commit, and you should save it away for later use. Normally, -you'd commit a new `HEAD` state, and while git doesn't care where you +you'd commit a new `HEAD` state, and while Git doesn't care where you save the note about that state, in practice we tend to just write the result to the file pointed at by `.git/HEAD`, so that we can always see what the last committed state was. @@ -4044,7 +4044,7 @@ Each line of the `git ls-files --unmerged` output begins with the blob mode bits, blob SHA-1, 'stage number', and the -filename. The 'stage number' is git's way to say which tree it +filename. The 'stage number' is Git's way to say which tree it came from: stage 1 corresponds to the `$orig` tree, stage 2 to the `HEAD` tree, and stage 3 to the `$target` tree. @@ -4056,7 +4056,7 @@ above example shows is that file `hello.c` was changed from `$orig` to `HEAD` and `$orig` to `$target` in a different way. You could resolve this by running your favorite 3-way merge -program, e.g. `diff3`, `merge`, or git's own merge-file, on +program, e.g. `diff3`, `merge`, or Git's own merge-file, on the blob objects from these three stages yourself, like this: ------------------------------------------------ @@ -4068,7 +4068,7 @@ This would leave the merge result in `hello.c~2` file, along with conflict markers if there are conflicts. After verifying -the merge result makes sense, you can tell git what the final +the merge result makes sense, you can tell Git what the final merge result for this file is by: ------------------------------------------------- @@ -4077,11 +4077,11 @@ ------------------------------------------------- When a path is in the "unmerged" state, running `git update-index` for -that path tells git to mark the path resolved. +that path tells Git to mark the path resolved. -The above is the description of a git merge at the lowest level, +The above is the description of a Git merge at the lowest level, to help you understand what conceptually happens under the hood. -In practice, nobody, not even git itself, runs `git cat-file` three times +In practice, nobody, not even Git itself, runs `git cat-file` three times for this. There is a `git merge-index` program that extracts the stages to temporary files and calls a "merge" script on it: @@ -4092,11 +4092,11 @@ and that is what higher level `git merge -s resolve` is implemented with. [[hacking-git]] -Hacking git +Hacking Git =========== -This chapter covers internal details of the git implementation which -probably only git developers need to understand. +This chapter covers internal details of the Git implementation which +probably only Git developers need to understand. [[object-details]] Object storage format @@ -4114,7 +4114,7 @@ that is used to name the object is the hash of the original data plus this header, so `sha1sum` 'file' does not match the object name for 'file'. -(Historical note: in the dawn of the age of git the hash +(Historical note: in the dawn of the age of Git the hash was the SHA-1 of the 'compressed' object.) As a result, the general consistency of an object can always be tested @@ -4144,7 +4144,7 @@ $ git checkout e83c5163 ---------------------------------------------------- -The initial revision lays the foundation for almost everything git has +The initial revision lays the foundation for almost everything Git has today, but is small enough to read in one sitting. Note that terminology has changed since that revision. For example, the @@ -4298,7 +4298,7 @@ This is how you read a blob (actually, not only a blob, but any type of object). To know how the function `read_object_with_reference()` actually works, find the source code for it (something like `git grep -read_object_with | grep ":[a-z]"` in the git repository), and read +read_object_with | grep ":[a-z]"` in the Git repository), and read the source. To find out how the result can be used, just read on in `cmd_cat_file()`: @@ -4479,7 +4479,7 @@ Making changes -------------- -Make sure git knows who to blame: +Make sure Git knows who to blame: ------------------------------------------------ $ cat >>~/.gitconfig <<\EOF @@ -4529,7 +4529,7 @@ $ git am mbox # import patches from the mailbox "mbox" ----------------------------------------------- -Fetch a branch in a different git repository, then merge into the +Fetch a branch in a different Git repository, then merge into the current branch: ----------------------------------------------- @@ -4590,7 +4590,7 @@ - It must be readable in order, from beginning to end, by someone intelligent with a basic grasp of the UNIX command line, but without - any special knowledge of git. If necessary, any other prerequisites + any special knowledge of Git. If necessary, any other prerequisites should be specifically mentioned as they arise. - Whenever possible, section headings should clearly describe the task they explain how to do, in language that requires no more knowledge
